Testis Tortisyonu

Zhao LC, Lautz TB, Meeks JJ, Maizels M. Pediatric testicular torsion epidemiology using a national database: incidence, risk of orchiectomy and possible measures toward improving the quality of care. J Urol. 2011;186(5):2009-2013. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.068

Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, et al. Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children. J Urol. 2013;189(5):1859-1864. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.037

Yen CW, Chang YJ, Ming YC, Gau CC, Wu CT, Lee J. Factors determining testicular torsion and consequent orchiectomy in pediatric patients presenting with scrotal pain. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2023;39(10):744-750. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000003037

Kaye JD, Shapiro EY, Levitt SB, et al. Parenchymal echo texture predicts testicular salvage after torsion: potential impact on the need for emergent exploration. J Urol. 2008;180(4 Suppl):1733-1736. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.112

Alchoikani N, MacCormack B, Marshall D. Perinatal testicular torsion in Northern Ireland: a nationwide 10-year review. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2023;33(3):249-253. doi:10.1055/s-0042-1757189

Grant A, Lee JA, Marte J, Li B, Kim SJ, Anderson CB, Carpenter CP. Contralateral orchiopexy during pediatric testicular torsion management: what are the national practice patterns? J Pediatr Urol. 2025;21(3):725-731. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.12.015

Witherington R, Jarrell TS. Torsion of the spermatic cord in adults. J Urol. 1990;143(1):62-63. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39836-9

Favorito LA, Cavalcante AG, Costa WS. Anatomic aspects of epididymis and tunica vaginalis in patients with testicular torsion. Int Braz J Urol. 2004;30(5):420-424. doi:10.1590/S1677-55382004000500009

Minas A, Mahmoudabadi S, Gamchi NS, Antoniassi MP, Alizadeh A, Bertolla RP. Testicular torsion in vivo models: mechanisms and treatments. Andrology. 2023;11(7):1267-1285. doi:10.1111/andr.13344

Edwards LG, Ferguson C. Best evidence topic report: in emergency settings, can an absent cremasteric reflex be used to aid diagnosis of testicular torsions? Emerg Med J. 2025;42(7):474-475.

Davis JE, Silverman M. Scrotal emergencies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011;29(3):469-484. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001

White WM, Brewer ME, Kim ED. Segmental ischemia of testis secondary to intermittent testicular torsion. Urology. 2006;68(3):670-671. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.03.021

Muraliharan JS, Jacob TJK, Bollu BK, Graf N, Sebastian T, Thomas G. Surgical management of the acute paediatric scrotum: a three-year single centre experience. ANZ J Surg. 2021;91(11):2514-2517. doi:10.1111/ans.17231

Molokwu CN, Somani BK, Goodman CM. Outcomes of scrotal exploration for acute scrotal pain suspicious of testicular torsion: a consecutive case series of 173 patients. BJU Int. 2011;107(6):990-993. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09655.x

Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, et al. Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children. J Urol. 2013;189(5):1859–1864. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.037

Choudhury P, et al. Unjumbling the TWIST score for testicular torsion: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023;39(2):137-147. doi:10.1007/s00383-023-05412-8

Baker LA, Sigman D, Mathews RI, Benson J, Docimo SG. An analysis of clinical outcomes using color Doppler testicular ultrasound for testicular torsion. Pediatrics. 2000;105(3 Pt 1):604-607. doi:10.1542/peds.105.3.604

Yang C Jr, Song B, Liu X, Wei GH, Lin T, He DW. Acute scrotum in children: an 18-year retrospective study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011;27(4):270-274. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e318213144e

Aboughalia H, Oztek MA, Shet N, Noda S. The whirlpool sign in pediatric body imaging: diagnostic value and clinical implications. Contemp Diagn Radiol. 2024;47(25):1-7. doi:10.1097/01.CDR.0001063800.24047.15

Bhatt S, Dogra VS. Role of US in testicular and scrotal trauma. Radiographics. 2008;28(6):1617-1629. doi:10.1148/rg.286085507

Katami H, Suzuki S, Fujii T, et al. Genetic and histopathological analysis of spermatogenesis after short-term testicular torsion in rats. Pediatr Res. 2023;94(5):1650-1658. doi:10.1038/s41390-023-02638-7

Tamamura M, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, et al. Protective effect of edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis. BJU Int. 2010;105(6):870-876. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09554.x

Gielchinsky I, Suraqui E, Hidas G, Zuaiter M, Landau EH, Simon A, Duvdevani M, Gofrit ON, Pode D, Rosenberg S. Pregnancy rates after testicular torsion. J Urol. 2016;196(3):852-855. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2016.04.066

24.Mellick LB, Sinex JE, Gibson RW, Mears K. A systematic review of testicle survival time after a torsion event. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019;35(12):821-825. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001287

Kapoor S. Testicular torsion: a race against time. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62(5):821-827. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01769.x

Bujons A, Burgu B, Castagnetti M, et al. EAU guidelines on paediatric urology. Arnhem: European Association of Urology; 2025.

Stringer L, Cocco S, Jiang A, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular torsion: a practical resident curriculum. Can J Surg. 2021;64(2):E191-E195. doi:10.1503/cjs.019119

Moghimian M, Soltani M, Abtahi H, et al. Protective effect of tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage on tissue damage and oxidative stress following testicular torsion: role of duration of ischemia. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(6):390.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.07.004

Yu CJ, Zhao J, Luo J, et al. Long term follow up results of testicular torsion in children. Asian J Androl. 2022;24(6):653-659. doi:10.4103/aja2021127

Osemlak P, Jędrzejewski G, Woźniak M, Nachulewicz P. Ultrasound evaluation of long-term outcome in boys operated on due to testicular torsion. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(21):e26057. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000026057

Caniklioglu M, Oztekin Ü, Fırat F, et al. Is testicular tissue resection effective in testicular compartment syndrome? Niger J Clin Pract. 2023;26(9):1361-1367. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_170_23

Zhao LC, Lautz TB, Meeks JJ, Maizels M. Pediatric testicular torsion epidemiology using a national database: incidence, risk of orchiectomy and possible measures toward improving the quality of care. J Urol. 2011;186(5):2009-2013. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.068

Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, et al. Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children. J Urol. 2013;189(5):1859-1864. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.037

Yen CW, Chang YJ, Ming YC, Gau CC, Wu CT, Lee J. Factors determining testicular torsion and consequent orchiectomy in pediatric patients presenting with scrotal pain. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2023;39(10):744-750. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000003037

Kaye JD, Shapiro EY, Levitt SB, et al. Parenchymal echo texture predicts testicular salvage after torsion: potential impact on the need for emergent exploration. J Urol. 2008;180(4 Suppl):1733-1736. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.112

Alchoikani N, MacCormack B, Marshall D. Perinatal testicular torsion in Northern Ireland: a nationwide 10-year review. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2023;33(3):249-253. doi:10.1055/s-0042-1757189

Grant A, Lee JA, Marte J, Li B, Kim SJ, Anderson CB, Carpenter CP. Contralateral orchiopexy during pediatric testicular torsion management: what are the national practice patterns? J Pediatr Urol. 2025;21(3):725-731. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.12.015

Witherington R, Jarrell TS. Torsion of the spermatic cord in adults. J Urol. 1990;143(1):62-63. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39836-9

Favorito LA, Cavalcante AG, Costa WS. Anatomic aspects of epididymis and tunica vaginalis in patients with testicular torsion. Int Braz J Urol. 2004;30(5):420-424. doi:10.1590/S1677-55382004000500009

Minas A, Mahmoudabadi S, Gamchi NS, Antoniassi MP, Alizadeh A, Bertolla RP. Testicular torsion in vivo models: mechanisms and treatments. Andrology. 2023;11(7):1267-1285. doi:10.1111/andr.13344

Edwards LG, Ferguson C. Best evidence topic report: in emergency settings, can an absent cremasteric reflex be used to aid diagnosis of testicular torsions? Emerg Med J. 2025;42(7):474-475.

Davis JE, Silverman M. Scrotal emergencies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011;29(3):469-484. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001

White WM, Brewer ME, Kim ED. Segmental ischemia of testis secondary to intermittent testicular torsion. Urology. 2006;68(3):670-671. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.03.021

Muraliharan JS, Jacob TJK, Bollu BK, Graf N, Sebastian T, Thomas G. Surgical management of the acute paediatric scrotum: a three-year single centre experience. ANZ J Surg. 2021;91(11):2514-2517. doi:10.1111/ans.17231

Molokwu CN, Somani BK, Goodman CM. Outcomes of scrotal exploration for acute scrotal pain suspicious of testicular torsion: a consecutive case series of 173 patients. BJU Int. 2011;107(6):990-993. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09655.x

Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, et al. Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children. J Urol. 2013;189(5):1859–1864. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.037

Choudhury P, et al. Unjumbling the TWIST score for testicular torsion: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023;39(2):137-147. doi:10.1007/s00383-023-05412-8

Baker LA, Sigman D, Mathews RI, Benson J, Docimo SG. An analysis of clinical outcomes using color Doppler testicular ultrasound for testicular torsion. Pediatrics. 2000;105(3 Pt 1):604-607. doi:10.1542/peds.105.3.604

Yang C Jr, Song B, Liu X, Wei GH, Lin T, He DW. Acute scrotum in children: an 18-year retrospective study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011;27(4):270-274. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e318213144e

Aboughalia H, Oztek MA, Shet N, Noda S. The whirlpool sign in pediatric body imaging: diagnostic value and clinical implications. Contemp Diagn Radiol. 2024;47(25):1-7. doi:10.1097/01.CDR.0001063800.24047.15

Bhatt S, Dogra VS. Role of US in testicular and scrotal trauma. Radiographics. 2008;28(6):1617-1629. doi:10.1148/rg.286085507

Katami H, Suzuki S, Fujii T, et al. Genetic and histopathological analysis of spermatogenesis after short-term testicular torsion in rats. Pediatr Res. 2023;94(5):1650-1658. doi:10.1038/s41390-023-02638-7

Tamamura M, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, et al. Protective effect of edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis. BJU Int. 2010;105(6):870-876. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09554.x

Gielchinsky I, Suraqui E, Hidas G, Zuaiter M, Landau EH, Simon A, Duvdevani M, Gofrit ON, Pode D, Rosenberg S. Pregnancy rates after testicular torsion. J Urol. 2016;196(3):852-855. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2016.04.066

24.Mellick LB, Sinex JE, Gibson RW, Mears K. A systematic review of testicle survival time after a torsion event. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019;35(12):821-825. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001287

Kapoor S. Testicular torsion: a race against time. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62(5):821-827. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01769.x

Bujons A, Burgu B, Castagnetti M, et al. EAU guidelines on paediatric urology. Arnhem: European Association of Urology; 2025.

Stringer L, Cocco S, Jiang A, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular torsion: a practical resident curriculum. Can J Surg. 2021;64(2):E191-E195. doi:10.1503/cjs.019119

Moghimian M, Soltani M, Abtahi H, et al. Protective effect of tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage on tissue damage and oxidative stress following testicular torsion: role of duration of ischemia. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(6):390.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.07.004

Yu CJ, Zhao J, Luo J, et al. Long term follow up results of testicular torsion in children. Asian J Androl. 2022;24(6):653-659. doi:10.4103/aja2021127

Osemlak P, Jędrzejewski G, Woźniak M, Nachulewicz P. Ultrasound evaluation of long-term outcome in boys operated on due to testicular torsion. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(21):e26057. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000026057

Caniklioglu M, Oztekin Ü, Fırat F, et al. Is testicular tissue resection effective in testicular compartment syndrome? Niger J Clin Pract. 2023;26(9):1361-1367. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_170_23