Erektil Disfonksiyon ve Ejakülasyon Bozuklukları: Klinik Yaklaşım

Jardin A, Wagner G, Khoury S, Giuliano F, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen R, eds. Erectile Dysfunction. First International Consultation on Erectile Dysfunction. Plymouth, UK: Health Publication Ltd; 2000: 711-726.

Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Coviello AD, Bremner WJ, McKinlay JB. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;87(2):589-98.

Akkus E, Kadioglu A, Esen A, Doran S, Ergen A. Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction in Turkey: A Population-Based Study. vol. 41. 2002.

Salonia A, Boeri ; L, Capogrosso P, Corona G, Dinkelman-Smith M, Falcone M, et al. Sexual and Reproductive Health EAU Guidelines on. 2025.

Rosen RC, Fisher WA, Eardley I, Niederberger C, Nadel A, Sand M; Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) Study. The multinational Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study: I. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and related health concerns in the general population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 May;20(5):607-17. doi: 10.1185/030079904125003467. PMID: 15171225.

Daker-White G. Reliable and valid self-report outcome measures in sexual (dys)function: a systematic review. Arch Sex Behav. 2002 Apr;31(2):197-209.

Serefoglu EC, Atmaca AF, Dogan B, Altinova S, Akbulut Z, Balbay MD. Problems in understanding the Turkish translation of the international index of erectile function. J Androl. 2008 Jul-Aug;29(4):369-73.

Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Peña BM. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999 Dec;11(6):319-26.

Korneyev IA, Alexeeva TA, Al-Shukri SH, Bernikov AN, Erkovich AA, Kamalov AA, Kogan MI, Pavlov VN, Zhuravlev VN, Pushkar DY. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in Russian Federation men: analysis from a national population-based multicenter study. Int J Impot Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;28(2):74-9.

Williams P, McBain H, Amirova A, Newman S, Mulligan K. Men's beliefs about treatment for erectile dysfunction-what influences treatment use? A systematic review. Int J Impot Res. 2021 Jan;33(1):16-42.

Kaynak Y, Gruenwald I. Long-term effects of combination treatment comprising low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy and tadalafil for patients with erectile dysfunction: a retrospective study. Int J Impot Res. 2024 Sep;36(6):601-606.

Lu Z, Lin G, Reed-Maldonado A, Wang C, Lee YC, Lue TF. Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Improves Erectile Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2017 Feb;71(2):223-233.

Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432.

Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(20):1397-1404.

Brock G, Ni X, Oelke M, et al. Efficacy of Continuous Dosing of Tadalafil Once Daily vs Tadalafil On Demand in Clinical Subgroups of Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Descriptive Comparison Using the Integrated Tadalafil Databases. J Sex Med. 2016;13(5):860-875.

Paduch DA, Bolyakov A, Polzer PK, Watts SD. Effects of 12 weeks of tadalafil treatment on ejaculatory and orgasmic dysfunction and sexual satisfaction in patients with mild to severe erectile dysfunction: integrated analysis of 17 placebo-controlled studies. BJU Int. 2013;111(2):334-343.

Roehrborn CG, Egan KB, Miner MM, Ni X, Wong DG, Rosen RC. Erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) combined responders to tadalafil after 12 weeks of treatment. BJU Int. 2016;118(1):153-160.

Corona G, Rastrelli G, Morgentaler A, Sforza A, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Meta-analysis of Results of Testosterone Therapy on Sexual Function Based on International Index of Erectile Function Scores. Eur Urol. 2017;72(6):1000-1011.

Andersson DP, Landucci L, Lagerros YT, et al. Association of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Versus Alprostadil With Survival in Men With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(12):1535-1550.

Zhou Z, Wang Y, Chai Y, et al. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone or in combination with low intensity shock wave therapy (Li-SWT) in treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials. Aging Male. 2025;28(1):2472786.

Poulios E, Mykoniatis I, Pyrgidis N, et al. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Improves Erectile Function: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Sex Med. 2021;18(5):926-935.

Masterson TA, Molina M, Ledesma B, et al. Platelet-rich Plasma for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. J Urol. 2023;210(1):154-161.

Panunzio A, Labate C, Zacheo F, et al. Platelet-rich plasma intracavernosal injections for the treatment of primary organic erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary controlled studies. Int J Impot Res. 2024;36(6):562-571. doi:10.1038/s41443-023-00798-y

Palmisano F, Boeri L, Cristini C, et al. Comparison of Infrapubic vs Penoscrotal Approaches for 3-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement: Do We Have a Winner?. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(4):631-639. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.03.007

Miller LE, Khera M, Bhattacharyya S, Patel M, Nitschelm K, Burnett AL. Long-Term Survival Rates of Inflatable Penile Prostheses: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Urology. 2022;166:6-10.

M. Brennan DO, A. Suarez-Sarmiento Jr MD, A. Suarez-Sarmiento Sr MD, P. Perito MD 308 Minimizing Candida Infections: Adding Antifungal Agents to the Implant Dip. J Sex Med 2020;17:S74.

Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA. 1999;281(6):537-544.

Porst H, Montorsi F, Rosen RC, Gaynor L, Grupe S, Alexander J. The Premature Ejaculation Prevalence and Attitudes (PEPA) survey: prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking. Eur Urol. 2007;51(3):816-824.

Serefoglu EC, Yaman O, Cayan S, et al. Prevalence of the complaint of ejaculating prematurely and the four premature ejaculation syndromes: results from the Turkish Society of Andrology Sexual Health Survey. J Sex Med. 2011;8(2):540-548.

Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WR, Martin CE. Sexual behavior in the human male. 1948. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):894-898.

Yavetz H, Yogev L, Hauser R, Lessing JB, Paz G, Homonnai ZT. Retrograde ejaculation. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(3):381-386.

Fedder J, Kaspersen MD, Brandslund I, Højgaard A. Retrograde ejaculation and sexual dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus: a prospective, controlled study. Andrology. 2013;1(4):602-606.

Emberton M, Neal DE, Black N, et al. The effect of prostatectomy on symptom severity and quality of life. Br J Urol. 1996;77(2):233-247.

Althof SE. Psychosexual therapy for premature ejaculation. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5(4):475-481.

Optale G, Burigat S, Chittaro L, Riva G. Smartphone-Based Therapeutic Exercises for Men Affected by Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Study. Sex Med. 2020;8(3):461-471.

Modi NB, Dresser MJ, Simon M, Lin D, Desai D, Gupta S. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine hydrochloride, a novel agent for the treatment of premature ejaculation. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(3):301-309.

Li J, Liu D, Wu J, Fan X, Dong Q. Dapoxetine for the treatment of premature ejaculation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2018;38(5):366-375.

Peng J, Yang L, Liu L, et al. Safety and Effectiveness of Dapoxetine On Demand in Chinese Men With Premature Ejaculation: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Phase IV Study. Sex Med. 2021;9(2):100296.

Althof SE, Abdo CH, Dean J, et al. International Society for Sexual Medicine's guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2010;7(9):2947-2969.

McMahon CG, Giuliano F, Dean J, et al. Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in men with premature ejaculation and concomitant erectile dysfunction treated with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor: randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study. J Sex Med. 2013;10(9):2312-2325.

Abu El-Hamd M, Abdelhamed A. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of the on-demand use of paroxetine, dapoxetine, sildenafil and combined dapoxetine with sildenafil in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Andrologia. 2018;50(1):10.1111/and.12829.

Busato W, Galindo CC. Topical anaesthetic use for treating premature ejaculation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 2004;93(7):1018-1021.

Sutton M, Hunn C, Summers-Colquitt RB, et al. Promescent Has a Cytotoxic Impact on Fresh Human Sperm In Vitro. Urology. 2018;114:95-98.

Abou Faddan AH, Gaber HD, Oamonov D. Effect of a tadalafil 5-mg single daily dose on lifelong premature ejaculation: A single-blinded placebo-controlled study. Arab J Urol. 2022;20(2):100-104. Published 2022 Feb 26.

Jardin A, Wagner G, Khoury S, Giuliano F, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen R, eds. Erectile Dysfunction. First International Consultation on Erectile Dysfunction. Plymouth, UK: Health Publication Ltd; 2000: 711-726.

Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Coviello AD, Bremner WJ, McKinlay JB. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;87(2):589-98.

Akkus E, Kadioglu A, Esen A, Doran S, Ergen A. Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction in Turkey: A Population-Based Study. vol. 41. 2002.

Salonia A, Boeri ; L, Capogrosso P, Corona G, Dinkelman-Smith M, Falcone M, et al. Sexual and Reproductive Health EAU Guidelines on. 2025.

Rosen RC, Fisher WA, Eardley I, Niederberger C, Nadel A, Sand M; Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) Study. The multinational Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study: I. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and related health concerns in the general population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 May;20(5):607-17. doi: 10.1185/030079904125003467. PMID: 15171225.

Daker-White G. Reliable and valid self-report outcome measures in sexual (dys)function: a systematic review. Arch Sex Behav. 2002 Apr;31(2):197-209.

Serefoglu EC, Atmaca AF, Dogan B, Altinova S, Akbulut Z, Balbay MD. Problems in understanding the Turkish translation of the international index of erectile function. J Androl. 2008 Jul-Aug;29(4):369-73.

Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Peña BM. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999 Dec;11(6):319-26.

Korneyev IA, Alexeeva TA, Al-Shukri SH, Bernikov AN, Erkovich AA, Kamalov AA, Kogan MI, Pavlov VN, Zhuravlev VN, Pushkar DY. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in Russian Federation men: analysis from a national population-based multicenter study. Int J Impot Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;28(2):74-9.

Williams P, McBain H, Amirova A, Newman S, Mulligan K. Men's beliefs about treatment for erectile dysfunction-what influences treatment use? A systematic review. Int J Impot Res. 2021 Jan;33(1):16-42.

Kaynak Y, Gruenwald I. Long-term effects of combination treatment comprising low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy and tadalafil for patients with erectile dysfunction: a retrospective study. Int J Impot Res. 2024 Sep;36(6):601-606.

Lu Z, Lin G, Reed-Maldonado A, Wang C, Lee YC, Lue TF. Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Improves Erectile Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2017 Feb;71(2):223-233.

Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432.

Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(20):1397-1404.

Brock G, Ni X, Oelke M, et al. Efficacy of Continuous Dosing of Tadalafil Once Daily vs Tadalafil On Demand in Clinical Subgroups of Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Descriptive Comparison Using the Integrated Tadalafil Databases. J Sex Med. 2016;13(5):860-875.

Paduch DA, Bolyakov A, Polzer PK, Watts SD. Effects of 12 weeks of tadalafil treatment on ejaculatory and orgasmic dysfunction and sexual satisfaction in patients with mild to severe erectile dysfunction: integrated analysis of 17 placebo-controlled studies. BJU Int. 2013;111(2):334-343.

Roehrborn CG, Egan KB, Miner MM, Ni X, Wong DG, Rosen RC. Erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) combined responders to tadalafil after 12 weeks of treatment. BJU Int. 2016;118(1):153-160.

Corona G, Rastrelli G, Morgentaler A, Sforza A, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Meta-analysis of Results of Testosterone Therapy on Sexual Function Based on International Index of Erectile Function Scores. Eur Urol. 2017;72(6):1000-1011.

Andersson DP, Landucci L, Lagerros YT, et al. Association of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Versus Alprostadil With Survival in Men With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(12):1535-1550.

Zhou Z, Wang Y, Chai Y, et al. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone or in combination with low intensity shock wave therapy (Li-SWT) in treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials. Aging Male. 2025;28(1):2472786.

Poulios E, Mykoniatis I, Pyrgidis N, et al. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Improves Erectile Function: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Sex Med. 2021;18(5):926-935.

Masterson TA, Molina M, Ledesma B, et al. Platelet-rich Plasma for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. J Urol. 2023;210(1):154-161.

Panunzio A, Labate C, Zacheo F, et al. Platelet-rich plasma intracavernosal injections for the treatment of primary organic erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary controlled studies. Int J Impot Res. 2024;36(6):562-571. doi:10.1038/s41443-023-00798-y

Palmisano F, Boeri L, Cristini C, et al. Comparison of Infrapubic vs Penoscrotal Approaches for 3-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement: Do We Have a Winner?. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(4):631-639. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.03.007

Miller LE, Khera M, Bhattacharyya S, Patel M, Nitschelm K, Burnett AL. Long-Term Survival Rates of Inflatable Penile Prostheses: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Urology. 2022;166:6-10.

M. Brennan DO, A. Suarez-Sarmiento Jr MD, A. Suarez-Sarmiento Sr MD, P. Perito MD 308 Minimizing Candida Infections: Adding Antifungal Agents to the Implant Dip. J Sex Med 2020;17:S74.

Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA. 1999;281(6):537-544.

Porst H, Montorsi F, Rosen RC, Gaynor L, Grupe S, Alexander J. The Premature Ejaculation Prevalence and Attitudes (PEPA) survey: prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking. Eur Urol. 2007;51(3):816-824.

Serefoglu EC, Yaman O, Cayan S, et al. Prevalence of the complaint of ejaculating prematurely and the four premature ejaculation syndromes: results from the Turkish Society of Andrology Sexual Health Survey. J Sex Med. 2011;8(2):540-548.

Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WR, Martin CE. Sexual behavior in the human male. 1948. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):894-898.

Yavetz H, Yogev L, Hauser R, Lessing JB, Paz G, Homonnai ZT. Retrograde ejaculation. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(3):381-386.

Fedder J, Kaspersen MD, Brandslund I, Højgaard A. Retrograde ejaculation and sexual dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus: a prospective, controlled study. Andrology. 2013;1(4):602-606.

Emberton M, Neal DE, Black N, et al. The effect of prostatectomy on symptom severity and quality of life. Br J Urol. 1996;77(2):233-247.

Althof SE. Psychosexual therapy for premature ejaculation. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5(4):475-481.

Optale G, Burigat S, Chittaro L, Riva G. Smartphone-Based Therapeutic Exercises for Men Affected by Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Study. Sex Med. 2020;8(3):461-471.

Modi NB, Dresser MJ, Simon M, Lin D, Desai D, Gupta S. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine hydrochloride, a novel agent for the treatment of premature ejaculation. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(3):301-309.

Li J, Liu D, Wu J, Fan X, Dong Q. Dapoxetine for the treatment of premature ejaculation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2018;38(5):366-375.

Peng J, Yang L, Liu L, et al. Safety and Effectiveness of Dapoxetine On Demand in Chinese Men With Premature Ejaculation: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Phase IV Study. Sex Med. 2021;9(2):100296.

Althof SE, Abdo CH, Dean J, et al. International Society for Sexual Medicine's guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2010;7(9):2947-2969.

McMahon CG, Giuliano F, Dean J, et al. Efficacy and safety of dapoxetine in men with premature ejaculation and concomitant erectile dysfunction treated with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor: randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study. J Sex Med. 2013;10(9):2312-2325.

Abu El-Hamd M, Abdelhamed A. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of the on-demand use of paroxetine, dapoxetine, sildenafil and combined dapoxetine with sildenafil in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Andrologia. 2018;50(1):10.1111/and.12829.

Busato W, Galindo CC. Topical anaesthetic use for treating premature ejaculation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 2004;93(7):1018-1021.

Sutton M, Hunn C, Summers-Colquitt RB, et al. Promescent Has a Cytotoxic Impact on Fresh Human Sperm In Vitro. Urology. 2018;114:95-98.

Abou Faddan AH, Gaber HD, Oamonov D. Effect of a tadalafil 5-mg single daily dose on lifelong premature ejaculation: A single-blinded placebo-controlled study. Arab J Urol. 2022;20(2):100-104. Published 2022 Feb 26.