Üretra Darlıkları ve Alt Üriner Sistem Obstrüksiyonları

Wein, A. J., Kavoussi, L. R., Partin, A. W., et al. (2021). Campbell-Walsh-Wein urology. 12th ed. Elsevier.

European Association of Urology. (2025). EAU guidelines on urethral strictures. EAU Guidelines Office.

Barbagli, G., Sansalone, S., Djinovic, et al. (2012). Current controversies in reconstructive surgery of the anterior urethra: a clinical overview. International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 38, 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-55382012000300003

Ferguson GG, Bullock TL, Anderson RE, et al. Minimally invasive methods for bulbar urethral strictures: a survey of members of the American Urological Association. Urology. 2011 Sep;78(3):701-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.02.051.

Bayne DB, Gaither TW, Awad MA, et al. Guidelines of guidelines: a review of urethral stricture evaluation, management, and follow-up. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2017 Apr;6(2):288-294. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.55.

Abrams PH, Griffiths DJ. The assessment of prostatic obstruction from urodynamic measurements and from residual urine. British Journal of Urology. 1979 Apr;51(2):129-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1979.tb02846.x.

Browne BM, Vanni AJ. Management of Urethral Stricture and Bladder Neck Contracture Following Primary and Salvage Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Current Urology Reports. 2017 Oct;18(10):76. doi: 10.1007/s11934-017-0729-0.

Nicholson HL, Al-Hakeem Y, Maldonado JJ, et al. Management of bladder neck stenosis and urethral stricture and stenosis following treatment for prostate cancer. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2017 Jul;6(Suppl 2):S92-S102. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.04.33.

Flynn BJ, Delvecchio FC, Webster GD. Perineal repair of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects: experience in 120 patients during the last 10 years. Journal of Urology. 2003 Nov;170(5):1877-80. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000091642.41368.f5.

Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al. Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society. The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology. 2003 Jan;61(1):37-49. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02243-4.

American Urological Association. (2021). Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): AUA guideline. American Urological Association.

Tritschler S, Roosen A, Füllhase C, et al. Urethral stricture: etiology, investigation and treatments. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 2013 Mar;110(13):220-6. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0220.

Verla W, Oosterlinck W, Spinoit AF, et al. A Comprehensive Review Emphasizing Anatomy, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Male Urethral Stricture Disease. Biomed Research International. 2019 Apr 18;2019:9046430. doi: 10.1155/2019/9046430.

Kahokehr AA, Peterson AC, Lentz AC. Posterior urethral stenosis after prostate cancer treatment: contemporary options for definitive management. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2018 Aug;7(4):580-592. doi: 10.21037/tau.2018.04.04.

Stein DM, Thum DJ, Barbagli G, et al. A geographic analysis of male urethral stricture aetiology and location. BJU International. 2013 Oct;112(6):830-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11600.x.

Lumen N, Hoebeke P, Willemsen P, et al. Etiology of urethral stricture disease in the 21st century. Journal of Urology. 2009 Sep;182(3):983-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.023.

Liu JS, Walker K, Stein D, et al. Lichen sclerosus and isolated bulbar urethral stricture disease. Journal of Urology. 2014 Sep;192(3):775-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.090.

Rourke K, Hickle J. The clinical spectrum of the presenting signs and symptoms of anterior urethral stricture: detailed analysis of a single institutional cohort. Urology. 2012 May;79(5):1163-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.01.044.

Bertrand LA, Warren GJ, Voelzke BB, et al. Lower urinary tract pain and anterior urethral stricture disease: prevalence and effects of urethral reconstruction. Journal of Urology. 2015 Jan;193(1):184-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.007.

Abdeen BM, Leslie SW, Badreldin AM. Urethral Strictures. 2024 Oct 29. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 33231967.

Hudak SJ, Atkinson TH, Morey AF. Repeat transurethral manipulation of bulbar urethral strictures is associated with increased stricture complexity and prolonged disease duration. Journal of Urology. 2012 May;187(5):1691-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.074.

Hota P, Patel T, Patel H, et al. Post-traumatic Retrograde Urethrography: A Review of Acute Findings and Chronic Complications. Applied Radiology. 2020;(1):24-31.

Oh MM, Jin MH, Sung DJ, et al. Magnetic resonance urethrography to assess obliterative posterior urethral stricture: comparison to conventional retrograde urethrography with voiding cystourethrography. Journal of Urology. 2010 Feb;183(2):603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.10.016.

Frankiewicz M, Markiet K, Krukowski J, et al. MRI in patients with urethral stricture: a systematic review. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. 2021 Jan;27(1):134-146. doi: 10.5152/dir.2020.19515.

Steenkamp JW, Heyns CF, de Kock ML. Internal urethrotomy versus dilation as treatment for male urethral strictures: a prospective, randomized comparison. Journal of Urology. 1997 Jan;157(1):98-101. PMID: 8976225.

Heyns CF, Steenkamp JW, De Kock ML, et al. Treatment of male urethral strictures: is repeated dilation or internal urethrotomy useful? Journal of Urology. 1998 Aug;160(2):356-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62894-5.

Al Taweel W, Seyam R. Visual Internal Urethrotomy for Adult Male Urethral Stricture Has Poor Long-Term Results. Advances in Urology. 2015;2015:656459. doi: 10.1155/2015/656459.

Wong SS, Aboumarzouk OM, Narahari R, et al. Simple urethral dilatation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease in adult men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec12;12(12):CD006934.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006934.pub3.

Greenwell TJ, Castle C, Nicol DL. Clean intermittent self-catheterization does not appear to be effective in the prevention of urethral stricture recurrence. Scandinavian Journal of Urology. 2016;50(1):71-3. doi: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1086888.

Ergün O, Güzel A, Armağan A, et al. A prospective, randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of clean intermittent catheterization versus triamcinolone ointment and contractubex ointment of catheter following internal urethrotomy: long-term results. International Urology and Nephrology. 2015 Jun;47(6):909-13. doi: 10.1007/s11255-015-0990-4.

Ali L, Shahzad M, Orakzai N, et al. Efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing recurrence of anterior urethral stricture after internal optical urethrotomy. Korean Journal of Urology. 2015 Sep;56(9):650-5. doi: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.9.650.

Angulo JC, Kulkarni S, Pankaj J, et al. Urethroplasty After Urethral Urolume Stent: An International Multicenter Experience. Urology. 2018 Aug;118:213-219. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.04.031.

Chen C, Qin J, Wang C, et al. Comparison of laser versus cold knife visual internal urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral stricture (stricture length <2 cm): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 3;103(18):e37524. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037524.

Elliott SP, Coutinho K, Robertson KJ, et al. One-Year Results for the ROBUST III Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Optilume® Drug-Coated Balloon for Anterior Urethral Strictures. Journal of Urology. 2022 Apr;207(4):866-875. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002346.

Mann RA, Virasoro R, DeLong JM, et al. A drug-coated balloon treatment for urethral stricture disease: Two-year results from the ROBUST I study. Canadian Urology Association Journal. 2021 Feb;15(2):20-25. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.6661.

Virasoro, R., DeLong, J. M., Estrella, et al. A Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Urethral Stricture Disease: Three-Year Results from the ROBUST I Study. 2022. Research and Reports in Urology. 14, 177–183. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S359872

Wisenbaugh ES, Gelman J. The Use of Flaps and Grafts in the Treatment of Urethral Stricture Disease. Advances in Urology. 2015;2015:979868. doi: 10.1155/2015/979868.

Stein MJ, DeSouza RA. Anterior urethral stricture review. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2013 Mar;2(1):32-8. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2012.11.05.

Koraitim MM. Optimising the outcome after anastomotic posterior urethroplasty. Arab Journal of Urology. 2015 Mar;13(1):27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2014.12.006.

Lin, Y., Luo, D., Liao, B. et al. Perineal midline vertical incision verses inverted-U incision in the urethroplasty: which is better?. World Journal of Urology 36, 1267–1274 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2267-x

Kulkarni S, Barbagli G, Sansalone S, et al. One-sided anterior urethroplasty: a new dorsal onlay graft technique. BJU International. 2009 Oct;104(8):1150-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08590.x.

Morey AF, Watkin N, Shenfeld O, et al. SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: Anterior urethra-primary anastomosis. Urology. 2014 Mar;83(3 Suppl):S23-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.11.007.

Webster GD, Ramon J. Repair of pelvic fracture posterior urethral defects using an elaborated perineal approach: experience with 74 cases. Journal of Urology. 1991 Apr;145(4):744-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38442-2.

Jordan GH, Eltahawy EA, Virasoro R. The technique of vessel sparing excision and primary anastomosis for proximal bulbous urethral reconstruction. Journal of Urology. 2007 May;177(5):1799-802. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.036.

Lumen N, Hoebeke P, Oosterlinck W. Ventral longitudinal stricturotomy and transversal closure: the Heineke-Mikulicz principle in urethroplasty. Urology. 2010 Dec;76(6):1478-82. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.06.051.

Hudak SJ. Use of overlapping buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for complex anterior urethral strictures. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2015 Feb;4(1):16-21. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.01.02.

Oliveira PS, Vala IS, Rocha F, et al. Enhancing buccal mucosa graft healing in urethroplasty: unraveling the molecular effects of two distinct therapies: low-dose radiation and low-intensity shockwave therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2025 Dec 4;24(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-07532-w.

BhalaguruIyyan A, Murugan PP, Alakhananda CC, et al. Evaluation of the Extent of Primary Buccal Mucosal Graft Contracture in Augmentation Urethroplasty for Stricture Urethra: A Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Healthcare Centre. Advances in Urology. 2021 Jul 23;2021:9913452. doi: 10.1155/2021/9913452.

Dugi DD, Simhan J, Morey AF. Urethroplasty for Stricture Disease: Contemporary Techniques and Outcomes. Urology. 2016 Mar;89:12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.12.012.

Barbagli G, Selli C, Tosto A, et al. Dorsal free graft urethroplasty. Journal of Urology. 1996 Jan;155(1):123-6. PMID: 7490808.

Asopa HS, Garg M, Singhal GG, et al. Dorsal free graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture by ventral sagittal urethrotomy approach. Urology. 2001 Nov;58(5):657-9. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01377-2.

Kulkarni S, Barbagli G, Sansalone S, et al. One-sided anterior urethroplasty: a new dorsal onlay graft technique. BJU International. 2009 Oct;104(8):1150-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08590.x.

McAninch JW. Reconstruction of extensive urethral strictures: circular fasciocutaneous penile flap. Journal of Urology. 1993 Mar;149(3):488-91. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36125-6.

Johanson, B. (1953). Reconstruction of the male urethra in strictures: application of the buried intact epithelium technique. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, 176, 3-103.

Blandy JP. Urethral stricture. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1980 Jun;56(656):383-418. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.56.656.383.

Koraitim MM. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries: the unresolved controversy. Journal of Urology. 1999 May;161(5):1433-41. PMID: 10210368.

Dielubanza EJ, Han JS, Gonzalez CM. Distal urethroplasty for fossa navicularis and meatal strictures. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2014 Jun;3(2):163-9. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.04.02..

Nicholson HL, Al-Hakeem Y, Maldonado JJ, et al. Management of bladder neck stenosis and urethral stricture and stenosis following treatment for prostate cancer. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2017 Jul;6(Suppl 2):S92-S102. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.04.33.

Blaschko SD, Sanford MT, Cinman NM, et al. De novo erectile dysfunction after anterior urethroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU International. 2013 Sep;112(5):655-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11741.x.

Andrich DE, Mundy AR. What is the best technique for urethroplasty? European Urology. 2008 Nov;54(5):1031-41. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.052.

Santucci R, Eisenberg L. Urethrotomy has a much lower success rate than previously reported. Journal of Urology. 2010 May;183(5):1859-62. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.01.020.

Jackson MJ, Sciberras J, Mangera A, et al. Defining a patient-reported outcome measure for urethral stricture surgery. European Urology. 2011 Jul;60(1):60-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.03.003.

Wein, A. J., Kavoussi, L. R., Partin, A. W., et al. (2021). Campbell-Walsh-Wein urology. 12th ed. Elsevier.

European Association of Urology. (2025). EAU guidelines on urethral strictures. EAU Guidelines Office.

Barbagli, G., Sansalone, S., Djinovic, et al. (2012). Current controversies in reconstructive surgery of the anterior urethra: a clinical overview. International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 38, 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-55382012000300003

Ferguson GG, Bullock TL, Anderson RE, et al. Minimally invasive methods for bulbar urethral strictures: a survey of members of the American Urological Association. Urology. 2011 Sep;78(3):701-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.02.051.

Bayne DB, Gaither TW, Awad MA, et al. Guidelines of guidelines: a review of urethral stricture evaluation, management, and follow-up. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2017 Apr;6(2):288-294. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.55.

Abrams PH, Griffiths DJ. The assessment of prostatic obstruction from urodynamic measurements and from residual urine. British Journal of Urology. 1979 Apr;51(2):129-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1979.tb02846.x.

Browne BM, Vanni AJ. Management of Urethral Stricture and Bladder Neck Contracture Following Primary and Salvage Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Current Urology Reports. 2017 Oct;18(10):76. doi: 10.1007/s11934-017-0729-0.

Nicholson HL, Al-Hakeem Y, Maldonado JJ, et al. Management of bladder neck stenosis and urethral stricture and stenosis following treatment for prostate cancer. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2017 Jul;6(Suppl 2):S92-S102. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.04.33.

Flynn BJ, Delvecchio FC, Webster GD. Perineal repair of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects: experience in 120 patients during the last 10 years. Journal of Urology. 2003 Nov;170(5):1877-80. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000091642.41368.f5.

Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al. Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society. The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology. 2003 Jan;61(1):37-49. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02243-4.

American Urological Association. (2021). Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): AUA guideline. American Urological Association.

Tritschler S, Roosen A, Füllhase C, et al. Urethral stricture: etiology, investigation and treatments. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 2013 Mar;110(13):220-6. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0220.

Verla W, Oosterlinck W, Spinoit AF, et al. A Comprehensive Review Emphasizing Anatomy, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Male Urethral Stricture Disease. Biomed Research International. 2019 Apr 18;2019:9046430. doi: 10.1155/2019/9046430.

Kahokehr AA, Peterson AC, Lentz AC. Posterior urethral stenosis after prostate cancer treatment: contemporary options for definitive management. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2018 Aug;7(4):580-592. doi: 10.21037/tau.2018.04.04.

Stein DM, Thum DJ, Barbagli G, et al. A geographic analysis of male urethral stricture aetiology and location. BJU International. 2013 Oct;112(6):830-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11600.x.

Lumen N, Hoebeke P, Willemsen P, et al. Etiology of urethral stricture disease in the 21st century. Journal of Urology. 2009 Sep;182(3):983-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.023.

Liu JS, Walker K, Stein D, et al. Lichen sclerosus and isolated bulbar urethral stricture disease. Journal of Urology. 2014 Sep;192(3):775-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.090.

Rourke K, Hickle J. The clinical spectrum of the presenting signs and symptoms of anterior urethral stricture: detailed analysis of a single institutional cohort. Urology. 2012 May;79(5):1163-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.01.044.

Bertrand LA, Warren GJ, Voelzke BB, et al. Lower urinary tract pain and anterior urethral stricture disease: prevalence and effects of urethral reconstruction. Journal of Urology. 2015 Jan;193(1):184-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.007.

Abdeen BM, Leslie SW, Badreldin AM. Urethral Strictures. 2024 Oct 29. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 33231967.

Hudak SJ, Atkinson TH, Morey AF. Repeat transurethral manipulation of bulbar urethral strictures is associated with increased stricture complexity and prolonged disease duration. Journal of Urology. 2012 May;187(5):1691-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.074.

Hota P, Patel T, Patel H, et al. Post-traumatic Retrograde Urethrography: A Review of Acute Findings and Chronic Complications. Applied Radiology. 2020;(1):24-31.

Oh MM, Jin MH, Sung DJ, et al. Magnetic resonance urethrography to assess obliterative posterior urethral stricture: comparison to conventional retrograde urethrography with voiding cystourethrography. Journal of Urology. 2010 Feb;183(2):603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.10.016.

Frankiewicz M, Markiet K, Krukowski J, et al. MRI in patients with urethral stricture: a systematic review. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. 2021 Jan;27(1):134-146. doi: 10.5152/dir.2020.19515.

Steenkamp JW, Heyns CF, de Kock ML. Internal urethrotomy versus dilation as treatment for male urethral strictures: a prospective, randomized comparison. Journal of Urology. 1997 Jan;157(1):98-101. PMID: 8976225.

Heyns CF, Steenkamp JW, De Kock ML, et al. Treatment of male urethral strictures: is repeated dilation or internal urethrotomy useful? Journal of Urology. 1998 Aug;160(2):356-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62894-5.

Al Taweel W, Seyam R. Visual Internal Urethrotomy for Adult Male Urethral Stricture Has Poor Long-Term Results. Advances in Urology. 2015;2015:656459. doi: 10.1155/2015/656459.

Wong SS, Aboumarzouk OM, Narahari R, et al. Simple urethral dilatation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease in adult men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec12;12(12):CD006934.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006934.pub3.

Greenwell TJ, Castle C, Nicol DL. Clean intermittent self-catheterization does not appear to be effective in the prevention of urethral stricture recurrence. Scandinavian Journal of Urology. 2016;50(1):71-3. doi: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1086888.

Ergün O, Güzel A, Armağan A, et al. A prospective, randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of clean intermittent catheterization versus triamcinolone ointment and contractubex ointment of catheter following internal urethrotomy: long-term results. International Urology and Nephrology. 2015 Jun;47(6):909-13. doi: 10.1007/s11255-015-0990-4.

Ali L, Shahzad M, Orakzai N, et al. Efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing recurrence of anterior urethral stricture after internal optical urethrotomy. Korean Journal of Urology. 2015 Sep;56(9):650-5. doi: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.9.650.

Angulo JC, Kulkarni S, Pankaj J, et al. Urethroplasty After Urethral Urolume Stent: An International Multicenter Experience. Urology. 2018 Aug;118:213-219. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.04.031.

Chen C, Qin J, Wang C, et al. Comparison of laser versus cold knife visual internal urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral stricture (stricture length <2 cm): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 3;103(18):e37524. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037524.

Elliott SP, Coutinho K, Robertson KJ, et al. One-Year Results for the ROBUST III Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Optilume® Drug-Coated Balloon for Anterior Urethral Strictures. Journal of Urology. 2022 Apr;207(4):866-875. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002346.

Mann RA, Virasoro R, DeLong JM, et al. A drug-coated balloon treatment for urethral stricture disease: Two-year results from the ROBUST I study. Canadian Urology Association Journal. 2021 Feb;15(2):20-25. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.6661.

Virasoro, R., DeLong, J. M., Estrella, et al. A Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Urethral Stricture Disease: Three-Year Results from the ROBUST I Study. 2022. Research and Reports in Urology. 14, 177–183. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S359872

Wisenbaugh ES, Gelman J. The Use of Flaps and Grafts in the Treatment of Urethral Stricture Disease. Advances in Urology. 2015;2015:979868. doi: 10.1155/2015/979868.

Stein MJ, DeSouza RA. Anterior urethral stricture review. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2013 Mar;2(1):32-8. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2012.11.05.

Koraitim MM. Optimising the outcome after anastomotic posterior urethroplasty. Arab Journal of Urology. 2015 Mar;13(1):27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2014.12.006.

Lin, Y., Luo, D., Liao, B. et al. Perineal midline vertical incision verses inverted-U incision in the urethroplasty: which is better?. World Journal of Urology 36, 1267–1274 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2267-x

Kulkarni S, Barbagli G, Sansalone S, et al. One-sided anterior urethroplasty: a new dorsal onlay graft technique. BJU International. 2009 Oct;104(8):1150-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08590.x.

Morey AF, Watkin N, Shenfeld O, et al. SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: Anterior urethra-primary anastomosis. Urology. 2014 Mar;83(3 Suppl):S23-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.11.007.

Webster GD, Ramon J. Repair of pelvic fracture posterior urethral defects using an elaborated perineal approach: experience with 74 cases. Journal of Urology. 1991 Apr;145(4):744-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38442-2.

Jordan GH, Eltahawy EA, Virasoro R. The technique of vessel sparing excision and primary anastomosis for proximal bulbous urethral reconstruction. Journal of Urology. 2007 May;177(5):1799-802. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.036.

Lumen N, Hoebeke P, Oosterlinck W. Ventral longitudinal stricturotomy and transversal closure: the Heineke-Mikulicz principle in urethroplasty. Urology. 2010 Dec;76(6):1478-82. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.06.051.

Hudak SJ. Use of overlapping buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for complex anterior urethral strictures. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2015 Feb;4(1):16-21. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.01.02.

Oliveira PS, Vala IS, Rocha F, et al. Enhancing buccal mucosa graft healing in urethroplasty: unraveling the molecular effects of two distinct therapies: low-dose radiation and low-intensity shockwave therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2025 Dec 4;24(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-07532-w.

BhalaguruIyyan A, Murugan PP, Alakhananda CC, et al. Evaluation of the Extent of Primary Buccal Mucosal Graft Contracture in Augmentation Urethroplasty for Stricture Urethra: A Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Healthcare Centre. Advances in Urology. 2021 Jul 23;2021:9913452. doi: 10.1155/2021/9913452.

Dugi DD, Simhan J, Morey AF. Urethroplasty for Stricture Disease: Contemporary Techniques and Outcomes. Urology. 2016 Mar;89:12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.12.012.

Barbagli G, Selli C, Tosto A, et al. Dorsal free graft urethroplasty. Journal of Urology. 1996 Jan;155(1):123-6. PMID: 7490808.

Asopa HS, Garg M, Singhal GG, et al. Dorsal free graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture by ventral sagittal urethrotomy approach. Urology. 2001 Nov;58(5):657-9. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01377-2.

Kulkarni S, Barbagli G, Sansalone S, et al. One-sided anterior urethroplasty: a new dorsal onlay graft technique. BJU International. 2009 Oct;104(8):1150-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08590.x.

McAninch JW. Reconstruction of extensive urethral strictures: circular fasciocutaneous penile flap. Journal of Urology. 1993 Mar;149(3):488-91. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36125-6.

Johanson, B. (1953). Reconstruction of the male urethra in strictures: application of the buried intact epithelium technique. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, 176, 3-103.

Blandy JP. Urethral stricture. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1980 Jun;56(656):383-418. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.56.656.383.

Koraitim MM. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries: the unresolved controversy. Journal of Urology. 1999 May;161(5):1433-41. PMID: 10210368.

Dielubanza EJ, Han JS, Gonzalez CM. Distal urethroplasty for fossa navicularis and meatal strictures. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2014 Jun;3(2):163-9. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.04.02..

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