Üst Üriner Sistem Enfeksiyonları: Akut Piyelonefrit ve Komplike Enfeksiyonlar

Belyayeva M, Leslie SW, Rout P, Jeong JM. Acute Pyelonephritis. 2024 Feb 28. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30137822.

Johnson JR, Russo TA. Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 4;378(1):48-59. doi: 10.1056/nejmcp1702758.

Ciccarese F, Brandi N, Corcioni B, Golfieri R, Gaudiano C. Complicated pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stone disease. Radiol Med. 2021 Apr;126(4):505-516. doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01315-7.

Bono MJ, Leslie SW. Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections. 2025 Feb 21. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 29261874.

Sabih A, Leslie SW. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. 2024 Dec 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.

Medina M, Castillo-Pino E. An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Ther Adv Urol. 2019 Jan-Dec;11:1756287219832172.

Jansåker F, Li X, Vik I, Frimodt-Møller N, Knudsen JD, Sundquist K. The Risk of Pyelonephritis Following Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Nationwide Primary Healthcare Study. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Nov 24;11(12)

Czaja CA, Scholes D, Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 01;45(3):273-80.

Svingel LS, Christiansen CF, Birn H, Søgaard KK, Nørgaard M. Temporal changes in incidence of hospital-diagnosed acute pyelonephritis: A 19-year population-based Danish cohort study. IJID Reg. 2023 Dec;9:104-110.

Kazemier BM, Koningstein FN, Schneeberger C. Maternal and neonatal consequences of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study with an embedded randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Nov;15(11):1324-33.

Khoo KSM, Lim ZY, Chai CY, Mahadevan M, Kuan WS. Management of acute pyelonephritis in the emergency department observation unit. Singapore Med J. 2021 Jun;62(6):287-295.

Lee RA, Centor RM, Humphrey LL, Jokela JA, Andrews R, Qaseem A, Scientific Medical Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians. Akl EA, Bledsoe TA, Forciea MA, Haeme R, Kansagara DL, Marcucci M, Miller MC, Obley AJ. Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jun;174(6):822-827.

Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Aug 01;142(2):435-445.

Husain S, Alroumoh M, Mohan P, El-Kass G. Acute kidney injury from pyelonephritis in an elderly man: case report. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011 Sep;43(3):925-8.

Chung VY, Tai CK, Fan CW, Tang CN. Severe acute pyelonephritis: a review of clinical outcome and risk factors for mortality. Hong Kong Med J. 2014 Aug;20(4):285-9.

De Nunzio C, Bartoletti R, Tubaro A, Simonato A, Ficarra V. Role of D-Mannose in the Prevention of Recurrent Uncomplicated Cystitis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Apr 01;10(4)

Sherchan R, Hamill R. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. 2024 Jan 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 38261674.

Falagas ME, Alexiou VG, Giannopoulou KP, Siempos II. Risk factors for mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2007 Sep;178(3 Pt 1):880-5; quiz 1129.

Jain A, Manikandan R, Dorairajan LN, Sreenivasan SK, Bokka S. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Does a standard management algorithm and a prognostic scoring model optimize patient outcomes? Urol Ann. 2019 Oct-Dec;11(4):414-420.

Thapa B, Bhusal N. Candidal emphysematous pyelonephritis: A case report on rare and challenging clinical entity. IJU Case Rep. 2021 Jul;4(4):259-262.

Aboumarzouk OM, Hughes O, Narahari K, Coulthard R, Kynaston H, Chlosta P, Somani B. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Time for a management plan with an evidence-based approach. Arab J Urol. 2014 Jun;12(2):106-15.

Somani BK, Nabi G, Thorpe P, Hussey J, Cook J, N'Dow J., ABACUS Research Group. Is percutaneous drainage the new gold standard in the management of emphysematous pyelonephritis? Evidence from a systematic review. J Urol. 2008 May;179(5):1844-9.

Michaeli J, Mogle P, Perlberg S, Heiman S, Caine M. Emphysematous pyelonephritis. J Urol. 1984 Feb;131(2):203-8.

Wan YL, Lee TY, Bullard MJ, Tsai CC. Acute gas-producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinical outcome. Radiology. 1996 Feb;198(2):433-8.

Huang JJ, Tseng CC. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: clinicoradiological classification, management, prognosis, and pathogenesis. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Mar 27;160(6):797-805.

Pontin AR, Barnes RD. Current management of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Nat Rev Urol. 2009 May;6(5):272-9.

Sherchan R, Hamill R. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. 2024 Jan 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 38261674.

Zorzos I, Moutzouris V, Korakianitis G, Katsou G. Analysis of 39 cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with emphasis on CT findings. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003;37(4):342-7.

Lee SJ, Yang DM, Kim HC, Kim SW, Won KY, Park SH, Jeong WK. Imaging and Clinical Findings of Xanthogranulomatous Inflammatory Disease of Various Abdominal and Pelvic Organs: A Pictorial Essay. J Korean Soc Radiol. 2024 Jan;85(1):109-123.

Li L, Parwani AV. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011 May;135(5):671-4.

Jang TL, McKoy T, Hakim J, Polenakovik HM. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis - A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Am J Med Sci. 2023 Mar;365(3):294-301.

Pastore V, Niglio F, Basile A, Cocomazzi R, Faticato MG, Aceto G, Bartoli F. Laparascopic-assisted nephroureterectomy for shaped urolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: case report and review of literature. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2013 Jul-Sep;10(3):285-8.

Belyayeva M, Leslie SW, Rout P, Jeong JM. Acute Pyelonephritis. 2024 Feb 28. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30137822.

Johnson JR, Russo TA. Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 4;378(1):48-59. doi: 10.1056/nejmcp1702758.

Ciccarese F, Brandi N, Corcioni B, Golfieri R, Gaudiano C. Complicated pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stone disease. Radiol Med. 2021 Apr;126(4):505-516. doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01315-7.

Bono MJ, Leslie SW. Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections. 2025 Feb 21. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 29261874.

Sabih A, Leslie SW. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. 2024 Dec 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.

Medina M, Castillo-Pino E. An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Ther Adv Urol. 2019 Jan-Dec;11:1756287219832172.

Jansåker F, Li X, Vik I, Frimodt-Møller N, Knudsen JD, Sundquist K. The Risk of Pyelonephritis Following Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Nationwide Primary Healthcare Study. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Nov 24;11(12)

Czaja CA, Scholes D, Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 01;45(3):273-80.

Svingel LS, Christiansen CF, Birn H, Søgaard KK, Nørgaard M. Temporal changes in incidence of hospital-diagnosed acute pyelonephritis: A 19-year population-based Danish cohort study. IJID Reg. 2023 Dec;9:104-110.

Kazemier BM, Koningstein FN, Schneeberger C. Maternal and neonatal consequences of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study with an embedded randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Nov;15(11):1324-33.

Khoo KSM, Lim ZY, Chai CY, Mahadevan M, Kuan WS. Management of acute pyelonephritis in the emergency department observation unit. Singapore Med J. 2021 Jun;62(6):287-295.

Lee RA, Centor RM, Humphrey LL, Jokela JA, Andrews R, Qaseem A, Scientific Medical Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians. Akl EA, Bledsoe TA, Forciea MA, Haeme R, Kansagara DL, Marcucci M, Miller MC, Obley AJ. Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jun;174(6):822-827.

Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Aug 01;142(2):435-445.

Husain S, Alroumoh M, Mohan P, El-Kass G. Acute kidney injury from pyelonephritis in an elderly man: case report. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011 Sep;43(3):925-8.

Chung VY, Tai CK, Fan CW, Tang CN. Severe acute pyelonephritis: a review of clinical outcome and risk factors for mortality. Hong Kong Med J. 2014 Aug;20(4):285-9.

De Nunzio C, Bartoletti R, Tubaro A, Simonato A, Ficarra V. Role of D-Mannose in the Prevention of Recurrent Uncomplicated Cystitis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Apr 01;10(4)

Sherchan R, Hamill R. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. 2024 Jan 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 38261674.

Falagas ME, Alexiou VG, Giannopoulou KP, Siempos II. Risk factors for mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2007 Sep;178(3 Pt 1):880-5; quiz 1129.

Jain A, Manikandan R, Dorairajan LN, Sreenivasan SK, Bokka S. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Does a standard management algorithm and a prognostic scoring model optimize patient outcomes? Urol Ann. 2019 Oct-Dec;11(4):414-420.

Thapa B, Bhusal N. Candidal emphysematous pyelonephritis: A case report on rare and challenging clinical entity. IJU Case Rep. 2021 Jul;4(4):259-262.

Aboumarzouk OM, Hughes O, Narahari K, Coulthard R, Kynaston H, Chlosta P, Somani B. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Time for a management plan with an evidence-based approach. Arab J Urol. 2014 Jun;12(2):106-15.

Somani BK, Nabi G, Thorpe P, Hussey J, Cook J, N'Dow J., ABACUS Research Group. Is percutaneous drainage the new gold standard in the management of emphysematous pyelonephritis? Evidence from a systematic review. J Urol. 2008 May;179(5):1844-9.

Michaeli J, Mogle P, Perlberg S, Heiman S, Caine M. Emphysematous pyelonephritis. J Urol. 1984 Feb;131(2):203-8.

Wan YL, Lee TY, Bullard MJ, Tsai CC. Acute gas-producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinical outcome. Radiology. 1996 Feb;198(2):433-8.

Huang JJ, Tseng CC. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: clinicoradiological classification, management, prognosis, and pathogenesis. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Mar 27;160(6):797-805.

Pontin AR, Barnes RD. Current management of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Nat Rev Urol. 2009 May;6(5):272-9.

Sherchan R, Hamill R. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. 2024 Jan 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 38261674.

Zorzos I, Moutzouris V, Korakianitis G, Katsou G. Analysis of 39 cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with emphasis on CT findings. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003;37(4):342-7.

Lee SJ, Yang DM, Kim HC, Kim SW, Won KY, Park SH, Jeong WK. Imaging and Clinical Findings of Xanthogranulomatous Inflammatory Disease of Various Abdominal and Pelvic Organs: A Pictorial Essay. J Korean Soc Radiol. 2024 Jan;85(1):109-123.

Li L, Parwani AV. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011 May;135(5):671-4.

Jang TL, McKoy T, Hakim J, Polenakovik HM. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis - A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Am J Med Sci. 2023 Mar;365(3):294-301.

Pastore V, Niglio F, Basile A, Cocomazzi R, Faticato MG, Aceto G, Bartoli F. Laparascopic-assisted nephroureterectomy for shaped urolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: case report and review of literature. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2013 Jul-Sep;10(3):285-8.