Ürolojik Hastanın Klinik Değerlendirilmesi: Semptomdan Tanıya Akıl Yürütme ve Uygulama

Bowen JL. Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(21):2217-2225. doi:10.1056/NEJMra054782.

Norman G. Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning. Med Educ. 2010;44(1):94-100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03507.x.

Croskerry P. The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them. Acad Med. 2003;78(8):775-780.

Park JH, Velez-Leitner D, Elsamra SE. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: History and Physical Examination. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2026:8-23. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-88405-1.00011-0.

Orient JM ed. Sapira’s Art & Science of Bedside Diagnosis. 4th ed. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.

Aboumarzouk OM ed. Blandy’s Urology. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2019.

Chapple CR, Wein AJ eds. Primer on Urology. Springer Nature Switzerland AG; 2025. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55405-6.

Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU Guideline. J Urol. 2020;204(4):778-786.

Barocas DA, Lotan Y, Matulewicz RS, et al. Updates to Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU Guideline (2025). J Urol. 2025;213(5):547-557. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000004490.

Guidelines & Protocols Advisory Committee (British Columbia Ministry of Health). Workup of Microscopic Hematuria. BC Guidelines. Effective date: 29 July 2020.

European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines (2025 Edition). Chapter: Management of Non-neurogenic Male LUTS. EAU Guidelines Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Sandhu JS, Bixler BR, Dahm P, et al. Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline Amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024;211(1):11-19. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000003698.

Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(1):10-17. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70243-0.

World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 6th ed. WHO; 2021.

Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, et al. Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2.1: 2019 Update of PI-RADS v2. Eur Urol. 2019;76(3):340-351. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.033.

Walker SM, Poon BY, Scott C, et al. PI-RADSv2.1: Current status. Turk J Urol. 2021;47(Suppl 1):S45-S48. doi:10.5152/tud.2020.20403.

Wei JT, Barocas DA, Carlsson SV, et al. Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline Part I: Prostate Cancer Screening. J Urol. 2023;210(1):46-53. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000003491.

Beyatli M, Beyatli F, Duvarci M, et al. Predicting the effect of inflammatory markers such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/eosinophil ratio (MER) on the change of spermiogram parameters after varicocelectomy in patients with varicocele. Andrology Bulletin. 2023;25(2):[78-86].

Beyatli M, Gungor HS, Inkaya A, et al. Flexible Cystoscopy Patient Experience: Comparative Effects of Irrigation Techniques on Comfort and Satisfaction. Med Bull Haseki. 2026;64(1):18-25. doi: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2026.44265.

Bowen JL. Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(21):2217-2225. doi:10.1056/NEJMra054782.

Norman G. Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning. Med Educ. 2010;44(1):94-100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03507.x.

Croskerry P. The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them. Acad Med. 2003;78(8):775-780.

Park JH, Velez-Leitner D, Elsamra SE. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: History and Physical Examination. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2026:8-23. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-88405-1.00011-0.

Orient JM ed. Sapira’s Art & Science of Bedside Diagnosis. 4th ed. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.

Aboumarzouk OM ed. Blandy’s Urology. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2019.

Chapple CR, Wein AJ eds. Primer on Urology. Springer Nature Switzerland AG; 2025. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55405-6.

Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU Guideline. J Urol. 2020;204(4):778-786.

Barocas DA, Lotan Y, Matulewicz RS, et al. Updates to Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU Guideline (2025). J Urol. 2025;213(5):547-557. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000004490.

Guidelines & Protocols Advisory Committee (British Columbia Ministry of Health). Workup of Microscopic Hematuria. BC Guidelines. Effective date: 29 July 2020.

European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines (2025 Edition). Chapter: Management of Non-neurogenic Male LUTS. EAU Guidelines Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Sandhu JS, Bixler BR, Dahm P, et al. Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline Amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024;211(1):11-19. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000003698.

Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(1):10-17. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70243-0.

World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 6th ed. WHO; 2021.

Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, et al. Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2.1: 2019 Update of PI-RADS v2. Eur Urol. 2019;76(3):340-351. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.033.

Walker SM, Poon BY, Scott C, et al. PI-RADSv2.1: Current status. Turk J Urol. 2021;47(Suppl 1):S45-S48. doi:10.5152/tud.2020.20403.

Wei JT, Barocas DA, Carlsson SV, et al. Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline Part I: Prostate Cancer Screening. J Urol. 2023;210(1):46-53. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000003491.

Beyatli M, Beyatli F, Duvarci M, et al. Predicting the effect of inflammatory markers such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/eosinophil ratio (MER) on the change of spermiogram parameters after varicocelectomy in patients with varicocele. Andrology Bulletin. 2023;25(2):[78-86].

Beyatli M, Gungor HS, Inkaya A, et al. Flexible Cystoscopy Patient Experience: Comparative Effects of Irrigation Techniques on Comfort and Satisfaction. Med Bull Haseki. 2026;64(1):18-25. doi: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2026.44265.