Erişkin Bruksizminde Temporalis Kas Sertliğinin Ultrasonografik Yöntemlerle Kantitatif Değerlendirilmesi
Özet
Bu bölümde, erişkin bruksizminde temporalis kas sertliğinin ultrasonografik değerlendirilmesi gözden geçirilmektedir. Bruksizm, çiğneme kaslarının anormal ve tekrarlayıcı aktivitesi olarak tanımlanır; genellikle diş sıkma veya diş gıcırdatma şeklinde ortaya çıkar ve bazen temporomandibular bozukluklar, miyofasiyal ağrı ve baş ağrısı ile ilişkili olabilir. Temporalis kası mandibulanın elevasyonu ve retraksiyonunda önemli bir rol oynar; bu nedenle bruksizmli bireylerde kas hipertonisi ve morfolojik değişiklikler gösterebilir. Ultrasonografi, özellikle shear wave elastografi (SWE), son yıllarda kas dokusunun mekanik özelliklerini değerlendirmek için kullanılan non-invaziv ve kantitatif bir görüntüleme yöntemi olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu yöntem, kas sertliğinin objektif olarak değerlendirilmesine ve temporalis kasındaki biyomekanik değişikliklerin erken dönemde saptanmasına olanak sağlar. Bu bölümde temporalis kasının anatomik ve fonksiyonel özellikleri, kas elastografisinin biyomekanik temelleri ve ultrasonografik ölçümlerin teknik özellikleri ile standardizasyonu özetlenmektedir. Ayrıca, temporalis kas sertliği ile ağrı şiddeti, temporomandibular bozukluklar, baş ağrısı ve çene fonksiyon kısıtlılığı gibi klinik parametreler arasındaki ilişki güncel literatür ışığında tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, temporalis kas elastografisi bruksizmin tanısında, hastalık şiddetinin değerlendirilmesinde ve tedaviye yanıtın izlenmesinde kullanılabilecek umut verici bir görüntüleme biyobelirteci olarak görünmektedir.
In this chapter, we review the ultrasonographic assessment of temporalis stiffness in adult bruxism. Bruxism is defined as an abnormal repetitive action of the masticatory muscle muscles, usually manifested as teeth clenching or grinding and sometimes in association with temporomandibular disorders, myofascial pain, and headache. The temporalis muscle plays a significant role in mandibular elevation and retraction, thus, may undergo muscle hypertonicity and morphological alteration in individuals with bruxism. Ultrasonography, especially the shear wave elastography (SWE), has emerged as a non-invasive, quantitative imaging technique for assessment of mechanical properties of muscle tissue in recent years. It offers an objective evaluation option for muscle stiffness and early detection of any biomechanical alteration of the temporalis muscle. This chapter summarizes both the anatomical and functional characteristics of the temporalis muscle, the biomechanical basis of muscle elastography, and the technical considerations for ultrasonographic measurement and standardization. The review also aims to discuss contemporary literature in regards to the association between stiffness of the temporalis muscle and clinical parameters pertaining to pain intensity, temporomandibular disorders, headache, and functional limitation of the jaw. In conclusion, temporalis muscle elastography seems to be a promising imaging biomarker for the diagnosis of bruxism, the assessment of bruxism severity, and the response to treatment.
Referanslar
Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2013;40(1):2–4.
Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2018;45(33):837-44.
Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, et al. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Orofacial Pain. 2013;27(2): 99-110.
Lavigne GJ, Huynh N, Kato T, et al. Genesis of sleep bruxism: Motor and autonomic-cardiac interactions. Archives of Oral Biology. 2007;52(5): 381-4.
Carra MC, Huynh N, Fleury B, et al. Overview on sleep bruxism for sleep medicine clinicians. Sleep Medicine Clinics. 2015;10(3): 375-84.
Svensson P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Houe L. Muscle pain modulates mastication: An experimental study in humans. Journal of Orofacial Pain. 1998;12(1): 7-16.
De Laat A, Macaluso GM. Sleep bruxism as a motor disorder. Movement Disorders. 2002;17:67-9.
Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2001;28(28):1085-91.
Ariji Y, Sakuma S, Izumi M, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of inflammatory changes in the masseter muscle. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2004;98(7): 797-802.
Arda K, Ciledag N, Aktas E, et al. Quantitative assessment of normal soft-tissue elasticity using shear-wave ultrasound elastography. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2011;197(3): 532-6.
Palinkas M, Nassar MS, Cecílio FA, et al. Age and gender influence on maximal bite force and masticatory muscles thickness. Archives of Oral Biology. 2010;55(11): 797-802.
Emshoff R, Bertram S, Rudisch A, et al. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography for temporomandibular joint disorders. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2002;29(6): 761-7.
Bouillard K, Nordez A, Hug F. Estimation of individual muscle force using elastography. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(28):e29261.
Gennisson JL, Deffieux T, Fink M, et al. Ultrasound elastography: principles and techniques. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 2013;94(4): 487-95.
Eby SF, Song P, Chen S, et al. Validation of shear wave elastography in skeletal muscle. Journal of Biomechanics. 2013;46(9): 2381-7.
Leong HT, Ng GYF, Leung VYF, et al. Quantitative estimation of muscle shear elastic modulus of the upper trapezius using shear wave elastography. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. 2013;39(34): 1662-8.
Gennisson JL, Catheline S, Chaffai S, et al. Transient elastography in anisotropic medium: Application to the measurement of slow and fast shear wave speeds in muscles. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2003;114(1): 536-41.
Taljanovic MS, Gimber LH, Becker GW, et al. Shear-wave elastography: Basic physics and musculoskeletal applications. Radiographics. 2017;37(3): 855-70.
Brandenburg JE, Eby SF, Song P, et al. Feasibility and reliability of quantifying passive muscle stiffness in young children by shear wave elastography. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2015;34(5): 663-70.
Berko NS, Levin TL, Miller TT. Ultrasound elastography in musculoskeletal radiology: Techniques and applications. Skeletal Radiol. 2019;48(34): 1323-34.
Alfuraih AM, O’Connor P, Tan AL, et al. The effect of unit, depth, and probe load on the reliability of shear wave elastography for muscle. Skeletal Radiol. 2018;47(28):1621-8.
Yoshida K, Itoh S, Kato K, et al. Evaluation of masseter muscle hardness using shear wave elastography in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2019;48(5):20180360.
Taş S, Onur MR, Yılmaz S, et al. Shear wave elastography of the masseter muscle in patients with bruxism. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2020;49(4):20190457.
Kocaman G, Özkan F, Yıldız S, et al. Assessment of temporalis and masseter muscle stiffness using shear wave elastography in bruxism patients. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2022;26(24): 5157-66.
Kaya M, Arslan H, Yılmaz H, et al. Shear wave elastography findings of temporalis muscle in sleep bruxism: Correlation with pain severity. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2023;50: 530-8.
Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Winocur E, et al. Management of sleep bruxism in adults: A systematic review. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2015;42(33): 862-74
Türp JC, Schindler HJ. The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for bruxism: Epidemiological and clinical evidence. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2012;39(24):502-12.
Peck CC, Goulet JP, Lobbezoo F, et al. Expanding the taxonomy of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2014;41(1):2–23.
Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. 2014;28(1):6-27.
Guarda-Nardini L, Manfredini D, Salamone M, et al. Efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating myofascial pain in bruxers: A controlled clinical trial. Cranio: The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice. 2012;30(2):111-8.
Santis TO, Motta LJ, Fernandes KPS, et al. Temporomandibular disorder and bruxism in adults and its association with anxiety. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;47(3): 285-92.
Referanslar
Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2013;40(1):2–4.
Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2018;45(33):837-44.
Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, et al. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Orofacial Pain. 2013;27(2): 99-110.
Lavigne GJ, Huynh N, Kato T, et al. Genesis of sleep bruxism: Motor and autonomic-cardiac interactions. Archives of Oral Biology. 2007;52(5): 381-4.
Carra MC, Huynh N, Fleury B, et al. Overview on sleep bruxism for sleep medicine clinicians. Sleep Medicine Clinics. 2015;10(3): 375-84.
Svensson P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Houe L. Muscle pain modulates mastication: An experimental study in humans. Journal of Orofacial Pain. 1998;12(1): 7-16.
De Laat A, Macaluso GM. Sleep bruxism as a motor disorder. Movement Disorders. 2002;17:67-9.
Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2001;28(28):1085-91.
Ariji Y, Sakuma S, Izumi M, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of inflammatory changes in the masseter muscle. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2004;98(7): 797-802.
Arda K, Ciledag N, Aktas E, et al. Quantitative assessment of normal soft-tissue elasticity using shear-wave ultrasound elastography. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2011;197(3): 532-6.
Palinkas M, Nassar MS, Cecílio FA, et al. Age and gender influence on maximal bite force and masticatory muscles thickness. Archives of Oral Biology. 2010;55(11): 797-802.
Emshoff R, Bertram S, Rudisch A, et al. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography for temporomandibular joint disorders. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2002;29(6): 761-7.
Bouillard K, Nordez A, Hug F. Estimation of individual muscle force using elastography. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(28):e29261.
Gennisson JL, Deffieux T, Fink M, et al. Ultrasound elastography: principles and techniques. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 2013;94(4): 487-95.
Eby SF, Song P, Chen S, et al. Validation of shear wave elastography in skeletal muscle. Journal of Biomechanics. 2013;46(9): 2381-7.
Leong HT, Ng GYF, Leung VYF, et al. Quantitative estimation of muscle shear elastic modulus of the upper trapezius using shear wave elastography. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. 2013;39(34): 1662-8.
Gennisson JL, Catheline S, Chaffai S, et al. Transient elastography in anisotropic medium: Application to the measurement of slow and fast shear wave speeds in muscles. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2003;114(1): 536-41.
Taljanovic MS, Gimber LH, Becker GW, et al. Shear-wave elastography: Basic physics and musculoskeletal applications. Radiographics. 2017;37(3): 855-70.
Brandenburg JE, Eby SF, Song P, et al. Feasibility and reliability of quantifying passive muscle stiffness in young children by shear wave elastography. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2015;34(5): 663-70.
Berko NS, Levin TL, Miller TT. Ultrasound elastography in musculoskeletal radiology: Techniques and applications. Skeletal Radiol. 2019;48(34): 1323-34.
Alfuraih AM, O’Connor P, Tan AL, et al. The effect of unit, depth, and probe load on the reliability of shear wave elastography for muscle. Skeletal Radiol. 2018;47(28):1621-8.
Yoshida K, Itoh S, Kato K, et al. Evaluation of masseter muscle hardness using shear wave elastography in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2019;48(5):20180360.
Taş S, Onur MR, Yılmaz S, et al. Shear wave elastography of the masseter muscle in patients with bruxism. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2020;49(4):20190457.
Kocaman G, Özkan F, Yıldız S, et al. Assessment of temporalis and masseter muscle stiffness using shear wave elastography in bruxism patients. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2022;26(24): 5157-66.
Kaya M, Arslan H, Yılmaz H, et al. Shear wave elastography findings of temporalis muscle in sleep bruxism: Correlation with pain severity. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2023;50: 530-8.
Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Winocur E, et al. Management of sleep bruxism in adults: A systematic review. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2015;42(33): 862-74
Türp JC, Schindler HJ. The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for bruxism: Epidemiological and clinical evidence. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2012;39(24):502-12.
Peck CC, Goulet JP, Lobbezoo F, et al. Expanding the taxonomy of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2014;41(1):2–23.
Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, et al. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. 2014;28(1):6-27.
Guarda-Nardini L, Manfredini D, Salamone M, et al. Efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating myofascial pain in bruxers: A controlled clinical trial. Cranio: The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice. 2012;30(2):111-8.
Santis TO, Motta LJ, Fernandes KPS, et al. Temporomandibular disorder and bruxism in adults and its association with anxiety. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;47(3): 285-92.
