Karaman Koşullarında Lavanta Üretiminin Enerji Kullanım Etkinliği ve Sera Gazı Emisyonları
Özet
Bu bölüm, Karaman ili Göztepe bölgesinin yarı kurak koşullarında Lavandula angustifolia Mill. cv. Sevtapolis ile yürütülen lavanta üretiminin enerji dengesi ve sera gazı (GHG) emisyonlarını girdi-temelli enerji dengesi ve emisyon envanteri yaklaşımıyla inceler. Araştırma 2022 üretim sezonunda 12 hektarlık ticari alanda, üç tekrürlü deneme desenine göre yapılmıştır. Hektar başına toplam enerji girdisi 19.246,64 MJ, enerji çıktısı 14.653,71 MJ olarak hesaplanmış; enerji kullanım etkinliği 0,76, net enerji -4.592,93 MJ ha⁻¹ bulunmuştur. En büyük enerji girdisi dizel yakıttan (%67,29), ardından azotlu gübreden (%19,36) gelmektedir. Toplam enerjinin %97,10'u yenilenemez kaynaklardan sağlanmaktadır. Sera gazı emisyonu 816,87 kg CO₂eşd. ha⁻¹ olup, emisyonların %77,71'i dizel kullanımından kaynaklanmaktadır; birim ürün başına emisyon 0,21 kg CO₂eşd. kg⁻¹'dir. Sonuçlar, Karaman koşullarında lavanta üretiminin agronomik açıdan uygun ancak enerji ve karbon ayak izi açısından iyileştirmeye açık olduğunu gösterir. Sürdürülebilirlik için yakıt tüketiminin azaltılması, azotlu gübre kullanımının optimize edilmesi ve yenilenebilir enerji seçeneklerinin değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
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