Halitosis

Khounganian RM, Alasmari ON, Aldosari MM, et al. Causes and management of halitosis: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43742.

Silva CR, Silva CC, Rodrigues R. Etiology of halitosis in pediatric dentistry. Arch Pediatr. 2022;29(6):467-474.

Mento C, Lombardo C, Milazzo M, et al. Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57(6):614.

Park S, Jo JH, Kim YK, et al. Hematological biomarkers of systemic inflammation in genuine (physiologic and pathologic) halitosis. J Breath Res. 2022;16(3):1-14.

Li Z, Li J, Fu R, et al. Halitosis: etiology, prevention, and the role of microbiota. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(11):6383-6393.

Poniewierka E, Pleskacz M, Łuc-Pleskacz N, et al. Halitosis as a symptom of gastroenterological diseases. Prz Gastroenterol. 2022;17(1):17-20.

Murata T, Yamaga T, Iida T, et al. Classification and examination of halitosis. Int Dent J. 2002; Suppl 3: 181-186.

Kahraman EN, Erensoy Ş, Dikilitaş A, et al. Awareness and knowledge of halitosis among students at two different dental universities in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):194.

Zürcher A, Laine ML, Filippi A. Diagnosis, prevalence, and treatment of halitosis. Current Oral Health Reports. 2014;1: 279-285.

Wu J, Cannon RD, Ji P, et al. Halitosis: prevalence, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment - a review of the literature. Aust Dent J. 2020;65(1):4-11.

Çoban Z, Sönmez I. Halitosis: a review of current literature. Meandros Medical and Dental Journal. 2017;18(3):164-70.

Bicak DA. A current approach to halitosis and oral malodor-a mini review. The open dentistry journal. 2018;12:322.

Madhushankari GS, Yamunadevi A, Selvamani M, et al. Halitosis–an overview: Part-I–Classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of halitosis. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2015;7(Suppl 2):339-43.

Herman S, Lisowska G, Herman J, et al. Genuine halitosis in patients with dental and laryngological etiologies of mouth odor: severity and role of oral hygiene behaviors. Eur J Oral Sci. 2018;126(2):101-109.

Tungare S, Zafar N, Paranjpe AG. Halitosis. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534859/

Wang N, Hao S, Zhang J etl al. Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2022;38(1):29.