Mesalazin İntoksikasyonu ve Komplikasyonları
Özet
Mesalazin (5-aminosalisilik asit, 5-ASA), ülseratif kolit ve Crohn hastalığında yaygın olarak kullanılan antiinflamatuvar bir ajandır. Etkisi; kolonik mukozada siklooksijenaz ve lipooksijenaz yollarını inhibe etmesi, serbest radikal temizlenmesi ve NF-κB aktivasyonunun baskılanması ile ilişkilidir (1). Farmakokinetik açısından mesalazin, bağırsakta salınan formülasyonlara göre farklı bölgelerden emilir; oral biyoyararlanımı sınırlıdır (%20–30) (2). Emilim sonrası, sistemik dolaşıma geçen fraksiyon N-asetiltransferaz (NAT) enzimi ile N-asetil-5-ASA’ya dönüştürülür ve bu metabolit esas olarak böbreklerden atılır (3). Kontrollü salınımlı mesalazin formülasyonlarında uygulanan dozun %19–30’u N-asetil-5-ASA formunda idrarla atılır; serbest mesalazin ise idrarda daha düşük oranlarda (≤ 8 %) atılır (3,4). Ayrıca, bazı formlarda doz artışına ve enterik geç salınım sistemlerine bağlı olarak dışkıda serbest mesalazin artışı gözlemlenmiştir (4,5). Mesalazinin toksisite profili genellikle nadir olmakla birlikte, idiyosenkratik interstisyel nefrit, nefrotoksisite, hepatotoksisite, hematolojik etkiler ve pulmoner toksisite gibi ciddi yan etkileri içerir (6,7).
Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Although considered safe, rare but serious toxicities including nephrotoxicity, hematological abnormalities, and pulmonary complications have been reported. Overdose cases are extremely uncommon and clinical data remain limited. We describe a 56-year-old male with a history of meningitis-related hearing loss, moderate intellectual disability, psychotic disorder, diabetes mellitus, and ulcerative colitis, who attempted suicide by ingesting approximately 50 g of mesalazine. He presented with coma, metabolic and lactic acidosis, and anuria. Early hemodialysis was initiated due to severe acidosis and rising creatinine (up to 8 mg/dL) and urea (up to 300 mg/dL). During follow-up, the patient developed pancytopenia, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and polyuria. Solid mesalazine capsules were observed in gastric lavage and stool, indicating incomplete and heterogeneous absorption. Gradual clinical recovery was achieved with intensive supportive care, including repeated hemodialysis, ventilatory support, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and psychiatric management. This case highlights that mesalazine overdose can cause severe multi-organ toxicity, including acute kidney injury, metabolic acidosis, pancytopenia, and pulmonary complications. Early recognition and aggressive management with hemodialysis, organ support, and multidisciplinary care are crucial for survival. Regular renal and hematological monitoring should be considered in patients receiving mesalazine, and psychiatric evaluation is essential to prevent recurrent suicidal attempts.
Referanslar
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