Kardiyovasküler Cerrahi Sonrası Vazoplejik Sendrom: Olgu Sunumu

Özet

Ciddi mitral stenoz nedeniyle mitral kapak replasmanı yapılan yapılan hastada gelişen vazoplejik sendromu sunmayı amaçladık. Hasta yaklaşık 6 aydır artan efor dispnesi ve çarpıntı şikayetleri ile kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvurdu. Bilinen  hipertansiyon, tip 2 diabetes mellitus, evre 3 kronik böbrek yetmezliği, hiperkolesterolemi, geçirilmiş kolesistektomi ve histerektomi operasyonları mevcuttu. Transtorasik ekokardiyografide sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonu %50, ciddi mitral stenoz (kapak alanı: 0.9 cm²), orta derecede mitral ve triküspit yetmezliği, ciddi sol atriyal dilatasyon ve orta derecede pulmoner hipertansiyon (sPAP: 48 mmHg) saptandı. Koroner anjiyografide LAD orta segmentte %60, Cx obtüz marjinalde %50 darlık görüldü. CPB eşliğinde gerçekleştirilen operasyonda mitral kapağa biyoprotez implantasyonu ve triküspit anüloplasti uygulanan hasta dobutamin 7.5 μg/kg/dk ve dopamin 5 μg/kg/dk infüzyonu ile yoğun bakım ünitesine devredildi. İlk 2 saat stabil seyreden hastanın 3. saatten itibaren ilerleyici hipotansiyonu başladı. Noradrenalin ve kolloid verilmesine rağmen yanıt alınamadı. 5. saatte yapılan ölçümlerinde kardiyak output 6.8 L/dk, kardiyak indeks 3.6 L/dk/m², sistemik vasküler rezistans 588 dynes.sec/cm⁵, PCWP 12 mmHg saptandı. Ekokardiyografide LV EF %50, hiperdinamik sol ventrikül görüldü, kapaklar fonksiyoneldi. Bu bulgularla vazoplejik sendrom tanısı konuldu. hastaya postoperatif 7. saatte metilen mavisi protokolü uygulandı. Kısmi yanıt alınınca doz tekrarlandı. 45 dakika sonra dramatik yanıt alındı. Adjuvan tedavi olarak hidrokortizon 100 mg IV 3x1, tiamin 200 mg IV 2x1, magnezyum sülfat 3 g IV, potasyum klorür 60 mEq IV ve kalsiyum glukonat 2 ampul IV uygulandı.14. saatte noradrenalin kesildi, vazopressin 0.02 ünite/dk'ya azaltıldı. 24. saatte tüm vazopresörler kesildi, hasta vazopresör desteği olmadan stabil seyretti. Hasta ameliyat sonrası 2. gün ekstübe edildi, 4. gün mobilize oldu. Hasta ameliyat sonrası 8. gün şifa ile taburcu edildi.

We aimed to present a case of vasoplegic syndrome that developed in a patient who underwent mitral valve replacement due to severe mitral stenosis. The patient presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic with complaints of progressively worsening exertional dyspnea and palpitations for approximately 6 months. She had a known history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, hypercholesterolemia, and previous cholecystectomy and hysterectomy operations. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left ventricular ejection fraction of 50%, severe mitral stenosis (valve area: 0.9 cm²), moderate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, severe left atrial dilatation, and moderate pulmonary hypertension (sPAP: 48 mmHg). Coronary angiography showed 60% stenosis in the LAD mid-segment and 50% stenosis in the Cx obtuse marginal. The patient underwent bioprosthetic mitral valve implantation and tricuspid annuloplasty under CPB and was transferred to the intensive care unit on dobutamine 7.5 μg/kg/min and dopamine 5 μg/kg/min infusion. After remaining stable for the first 2 hours, progressive hypotension began from the 3rd hour onwards. Despite noradrenaline and colloid administration, no response was obtained. Measurements at the 5th hour revealed cardiac output 6.8 L/min, cardiac index 3.6 L/min/m², systemic vascular resistance 588 dynes.sec/cm⁵, and PCWP 12 mmHg. Echocardiography showed LV EF 50%, hyperdynamic left ventricle, and functional valves. Based on these findings, vasoplegic syndrome was diagnosed. Methylene blue protocol was administered to the patient at postoperative hour 7. The dose was repeated after partial response was obtained. Dramatic response was achieved after 45 minutes. As adjuvant therapy, hydrocortisone 100 mg IV tid, thiamine 200 mg IV bid, magnesium sulfate 3 g IV, potassium chloride 60 mEq IV, and calcium gluconate 2 ampules IV were administered. Noradrenaline was discontinued at hour 14, and vasopressin was reduced to 0.02 units/min. All vasopressors were discontinued at hour 24, and the patient remained stable without vasopressor support. The patient was extubated on postoperative day 2 and mobilized on day 4. The patient was discharged with complete recovery on postoperative day 8.

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Sayfalar

177-180

Gelecek

31 Mart 2026

Lisans

Lisans