Obstetri ve Jinekolojide Anestezi

Delgado C, Ring L, Mushambi MC. General anaesthesia in obstetrics. BJA Educ. 2020;20(6):201-207

Zuarez-Easton S, Zafran N, Carmel J, Garmi G, Salim R.

Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options for pain relief during labor: an expert review. American J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228:S1246- S1259. Doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.003

Shatil B, Smiley R. Neuraxial analgesia for labour. BJA Education. 2020; 20(3): 96-102 doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2019.11.006

Roofthooft E, Rawal N, Van de Velde M. Current status of the combined spinal-epidural technique in obstetrics and surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2023;37(2):189-198. Doi:10.1016/J.BPA.2023.04.004

Localization of epidural space: A review of available technologies. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017;33(1):16-27. Doi:10.4103/0970-9185.202184

Heesen M, Van De Velde M, Kölhr S, Lehberger J, Rossiant R, Straube S. Meta-analysis of the success of block following combined spinal-epidural vs epidural analgesia during labour. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(1):64-71. Doi:10.1111/ANAE.12456

Sultan P, Murphy C, Halpern S, Carvalho B. The effect of low concentrations versus high concentrations of local anesthetics for labour analgesia on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes:A meta-analysis.

Can J Anesth. 2013;60(9):840-854 doi:10.1007/S12630-013-9981-Z/FIGURE/7

Buyse I, Stockman W, Columb M, Vandermeersch E, Van de Velde M. Effect of sufentanil on minimum local analgesic concentrations of epidural bupivacainei ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in nullipara in earyl labour. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2007:16(1):22-28. Doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.07.008

Robinson C, Howie LA. Non-neuraxial analgesia in labour. Anaesth Intensive Care Med. 2022;23(6):319-322.

Doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2025.01.014

Setty T, Fernondo R. Systemic analgesia: parenteral and inhalational agents. In: Chestnut DH, Wrong CA, Tsen LC, Ngan Kee WD, Beilin

Y, Myhre JM, Bateman BT, editors. Chestnut’s obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. p. 453- 73

Likis FE, Andrews JC, Collins MR, et al. Nitrous oxide for the management of labor pain: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2014 Jan;118(1):153-67. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a7f73c.

Richardson MG, Lopez BM, Baysinger CL, Shotwell MS, Chestnut DH. Nitrous Oxide During Labor: Maternal Satisfaction Does Not Depend Exclusively on Analgesic Effectiveness. Anesth Analg. 2017 Feb;124(2):548-553. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001680

Westling F, Milson I, Zetterström H, Ekström-Jodal B. Effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation on the maternal circulation during vaginal delivery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992 Feb;36(2):175-81 doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03447.x.

Waldernström U, Irestedt L. Obstetric pain relief and its association with remembrance of labor pain at two months an done year after birth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Sep;27(3):147-56. Doi:10.1080/01674820500433432

American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 209: Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019

Mar;133(3):e208-e225. Doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003132.

Frölich MA, Banks C, Brooks A, Sellers A, Swain R, Cooper L. Why do pregnant women die? A review of maternal deaths from 1990 to 2010 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Anesth Analg. 2014;119(5):1135-1139.

Chau, A. Et al. Exploring clinical conundrums in obstetric anesthesia through interactive polls and panel discussion: insights from Canadian obstetric anesthesiology expert. Can. J. Anesth. (2025) doi:10.1007/s12630-025-025-02986-4.

Jauniaux E, et al. FIGO classification for the clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(1):20-24.

Silver RM, et al. Placenta accreta spectrum. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(16):1529-1536.

Butwick AJ, et al. Anesthetic management of placenta accreta spectrum: current practice and controversies. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(1):135-148.

Bishop S, et al. Multidiciplinary perioperative management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Br J Anaesth. 2020;125(4):463-471.

Poon LC, Shennan A, Hyett JA, Kapur A, Hadar E, Divakar H, vd.

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on Preeclampsia (PE): A Pragmatic Guide for First Trimester Screening and Prevention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet. Mayıs 2019;145(Suppl 1):1-33.

Roberts JM, Rich-Edwards JW, McElrath TF, Garmire L, Myatt L, for the Global Pregnancy Collaboration. Subtypes of Preeclampsia: Recognition and Determining Clinical Usefulness. Hypertension. Mayıs 2021;77(5):1430-41.

Wang W, Xie X, Yuan T, et al. Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population -baseds-tudy. BMC Pregnancy Chidbirth 2021;21.1:364.

Young BK, Magdelijns,PF, Chervenak JL et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: a reappraisal. J.Perinat Med. 2024;52(2):126-135.

Metodiev Y, Ramasamy P, Tuffnell D. Amniotic fluid embolism. BJA Education.2018;18(8):234-238.

Sultan P, Seligman K, Carvalho B. Amniotic fluid embolism: update and review. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;29(3):288-296.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education;2022.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG).

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery. Practice Bulletion No. 205. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(2):e110-e127.

Chesthnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, et al. Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.

Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP).

Consensus Statement on Obstetric Hemorrhage. SOAP; 2021.

Miller RD, Cohen NH, Eriksson LI, et al. Miller’s Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.

Mendonca C, Griffiths J, Ateleanu B, Collis RE. Hypotension

following combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Left lateral position vs. tilted supine position. Anaesthesia

2003;58:428-31.

Bamber JH, Dresner M. Aortocaval compression in pregnancy: the effect of changing the degree and direction of lateral tilt on maternal cardiac output. Anesth Analg.2003;97:2568.

Karageorgos V, Einav S, Paal P, et al. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy. In: European Resuscitation Council. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025: Special Circumstances in Resuscitation ( Section: Cardiac arrest during pregnancy). Draft version. Neil (Belgium) In press: European Resuscitation Council; 2025.

Nanson J, Elcock D, Williams M, Deakin CD. Do physiological changes in pregnancy change defibrillation enegy requirements? Br J Anaesth 2001;87:237-9.

Einav S, Kaufman N, Sela HY. Maternal cardiac arrest and perimortem caesarean delivery: evidence or expert -based? Resusitation. 2012;83:1191-1200

Benson MD, Padovano A, Bourjeily G, Zhou Y. Maternal collaps: challenging the four-minute rule. EBioMedicine. 2016; 6: 253-257.

Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education;2018.

Kalmar AF, Foubert L, Hendrickx JFA. Influence of steep Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum on cardiovasculer, cerebrovaskuler, and respiratory homeostasis durin robotic prostatectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2010;104(4):433-439.

Lyungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery: A review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(3):292-298.

Kehlet H, Dahl JB. The value of multimodal or balanced analgesia in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth Analg. 1993;77(5):1048-1056.

Delgado C, Ring L, Mushambi MC. General anaesthesia in obstetrics. BJA Educ. 2020;20(6):201-207

Zuarez-Easton S, Zafran N, Carmel J, Garmi G, Salim R.

Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options for pain relief during labor: an expert review. American J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228:S1246- S1259. Doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.003

Shatil B, Smiley R. Neuraxial analgesia for labour. BJA Education. 2020; 20(3): 96-102 doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2019.11.006

Roofthooft E, Rawal N, Van de Velde M. Current status of the combined spinal-epidural technique in obstetrics and surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2023;37(2):189-198. Doi:10.1016/J.BPA.2023.04.004

Localization of epidural space: A review of available technologies. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017;33(1):16-27. Doi:10.4103/0970-9185.202184

Heesen M, Van De Velde M, Kölhr S, Lehberger J, Rossiant R, Straube S. Meta-analysis of the success of block following combined spinal-epidural vs epidural analgesia during labour. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(1):64-71. Doi:10.1111/ANAE.12456

Sultan P, Murphy C, Halpern S, Carvalho B. The effect of low concentrations versus high concentrations of local anesthetics for labour analgesia on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes:A meta-analysis.

Can J Anesth. 2013;60(9):840-854 doi:10.1007/S12630-013-9981-Z/FIGURE/7

Buyse I, Stockman W, Columb M, Vandermeersch E, Van de Velde M. Effect of sufentanil on minimum local analgesic concentrations of epidural bupivacainei ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in nullipara in earyl labour. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2007:16(1):22-28. Doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.07.008

Robinson C, Howie LA. Non-neuraxial analgesia in labour. Anaesth Intensive Care Med. 2022;23(6):319-322.

Doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2025.01.014

Setty T, Fernondo R. Systemic analgesia: parenteral and inhalational agents. In: Chestnut DH, Wrong CA, Tsen LC, Ngan Kee WD, Beilin

Y, Myhre JM, Bateman BT, editors. Chestnut’s obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. p. 453- 73

Likis FE, Andrews JC, Collins MR, et al. Nitrous oxide for the management of labor pain: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2014 Jan;118(1):153-67. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a7f73c.

Richardson MG, Lopez BM, Baysinger CL, Shotwell MS, Chestnut DH. Nitrous Oxide During Labor: Maternal Satisfaction Does Not Depend Exclusively on Analgesic Effectiveness. Anesth Analg. 2017 Feb;124(2):548-553. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001680

Westling F, Milson I, Zetterström H, Ekström-Jodal B. Effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation on the maternal circulation during vaginal delivery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992 Feb;36(2):175-81 doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03447.x.

Waldernström U, Irestedt L. Obstetric pain relief and its association with remembrance of labor pain at two months an done year after birth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Sep;27(3):147-56. Doi:10.1080/01674820500433432

American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 209: Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019

Mar;133(3):e208-e225. Doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003132.

Frölich MA, Banks C, Brooks A, Sellers A, Swain R, Cooper L. Why do pregnant women die? A review of maternal deaths from 1990 to 2010 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Anesth Analg. 2014;119(5):1135-1139.

Chau, A. Et al. Exploring clinical conundrums in obstetric anesthesia through interactive polls and panel discussion: insights from Canadian obstetric anesthesiology expert. Can. J. Anesth. (2025) doi:10.1007/s12630-025-025-02986-4.

Jauniaux E, et al. FIGO classification for the clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(1):20-24.

Silver RM, et al. Placenta accreta spectrum. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(16):1529-1536.

Butwick AJ, et al. Anesthetic management of placenta accreta spectrum: current practice and controversies. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(1):135-148.

Bishop S, et al. Multidiciplinary perioperative management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Br J Anaesth. 2020;125(4):463-471.

Poon LC, Shennan A, Hyett JA, Kapur A, Hadar E, Divakar H, vd.

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on Preeclampsia (PE): A Pragmatic Guide for First Trimester Screening and Prevention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet. Mayıs 2019;145(Suppl 1):1-33.

Roberts JM, Rich-Edwards JW, McElrath TF, Garmire L, Myatt L, for the Global Pregnancy Collaboration. Subtypes of Preeclampsia: Recognition and Determining Clinical Usefulness. Hypertension. Mayıs 2021;77(5):1430-41.

Wang W, Xie X, Yuan T, et al. Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population -baseds-tudy. BMC Pregnancy Chidbirth 2021;21.1:364.

Young BK, Magdelijns,PF, Chervenak JL et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: a reappraisal. J.Perinat Med. 2024;52(2):126-135.

Metodiev Y, Ramasamy P, Tuffnell D. Amniotic fluid embolism. BJA Education.2018;18(8):234-238.

Sultan P, Seligman K, Carvalho B. Amniotic fluid embolism: update and review. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;29(3):288-296.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education;2022.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG).

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery. Practice Bulletion No. 205. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(2):e110-e127.

Chesthnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, et al. Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.

Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP).

Consensus Statement on Obstetric Hemorrhage. SOAP; 2021.

Miller RD, Cohen NH, Eriksson LI, et al. Miller’s Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.

Mendonca C, Griffiths J, Ateleanu B, Collis RE. Hypotension

following combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Left lateral position vs. tilted supine position. Anaesthesia

2003;58:428-31.

Bamber JH, Dresner M. Aortocaval compression in pregnancy: the effect of changing the degree and direction of lateral tilt on maternal cardiac output. Anesth Analg.2003;97:2568.

Karageorgos V, Einav S, Paal P, et al. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy. In: European Resuscitation Council. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025: Special Circumstances in Resuscitation ( Section: Cardiac arrest during pregnancy). Draft version. Neil (Belgium) In press: European Resuscitation Council; 2025.

Nanson J, Elcock D, Williams M, Deakin CD. Do physiological changes in pregnancy change defibrillation enegy requirements? Br J Anaesth 2001;87:237-9.

Einav S, Kaufman N, Sela HY. Maternal cardiac arrest and perimortem caesarean delivery: evidence or expert -based? Resusitation. 2012;83:1191-1200

Benson MD, Padovano A, Bourjeily G, Zhou Y. Maternal collaps: challenging the four-minute rule. EBioMedicine. 2016; 6: 253-257.

Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education;2018.

Kalmar AF, Foubert L, Hendrickx JFA. Influence of steep Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum on cardiovasculer, cerebrovaskuler, and respiratory homeostasis durin robotic prostatectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2010;104(4):433-439.

Lyungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery: A review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(3):292-298.

Kehlet H, Dahl JB. The value of multimodal or balanced analgesia in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth Analg. 1993;77(5):1048-1056.