Amniyon Sıvı Anormallikleri

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF. Creasy and Resnik’s Mater- nal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280– 289.

Underwood MA, Gilbert WM, Sherman MP. Amniotic fluid: regulation and clinical significan- ce. Semin Perinatol.2005;29(4):260–269.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). SMFM Consult Series No. 46: Evaluation and mana- gement of oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). SMFM Consult Series No. 52: Diagnosis and mana- gement of polyhydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: anomaly preva- lence and sonographic detection. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(1):134–139.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid volume estimation and the biophysical profile: current controversies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(1):55–66.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF. Creasy and Resnik’s Mater- nal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280– 289.

Ross MG, Nijland MJ. Development of ingestive behavior in the fetus. Am J Physiol. 1998;274(4 Pt 2):R879–R893.

Gilbert WM, Brace RA. Intramembranous absorption of amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gyne- col. 1989;161(6):159–164.

Harding R. Fetal lung development and the role of amniotic fluid. Clin Perinatol. 1994;21(2):253– 268.

Wigglesworth JS. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56(6):401–406.

Queenan JT, et al. Chemical composition of amniotic fluid. Obstet Gynecol. 1972;40:587–592.

Spitz L. Oesophageal atresia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007;2:24.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280– 289.

Underwood MA, Gilbert WM, Sherman MP. Amniotic fluid: regulation and clinical significan- ce. Semin Perinatol.2005;29(4):260–269.

Locatelli A, Zaretsky MV, Ghidini A. Oligohydramnios: pathophysiology and clinical manage- ment. BJOG.2004;111(2):118–123.

Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid volume estimation and the biophysical profile: current controversies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(1):55–66.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid volume estimation and the biophysical profile: current controversies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(1):55–66.

Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quad- rant technique. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157(4):715–719.

Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA. Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2008;(3):CD006593.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 46: Evaluation and management of oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 52: Diagnosis and management of polyhydramnios.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: anomaly preva- lence and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(1):134–139.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA. Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD006593.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.

SMFM Consult Series No. 46: Evaluation and management of oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gy- necol. 2021.

Locatelli A, Zaretsky MV, Ghidini A. Oligohydramnios: pathophysiology and clinical manage- ment. BJOG.2004;111:118–123.

Wigglesworth JS. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:401–406.

Manning FA. Antepartum fetal testing. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31:765–780.

Baschat AA. Fetal responses to placental insufficiency. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:67–75.

Brace RA, Wolf EJ. Normal amniotic fluid volume changes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161:382– 388.

Potter EL. Bilateral renal agenesis. J Pediatr. 1946;29:68–76.

Koff SA. Pathophysiology of congenital urinary tract obstruction. Pediatr Nephrol. 1992;6:241– 247.

Mercer BM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:178–193.

Barr M Jr. Teratogen update: ACE inhibitors. Teratology. 1994;50:399–409.

Bateman BT, et al. NSAIDs in pregnancy. BMJ. 2013;346:f3129.

Baschat AA. Fetal responses to placental insufficiency. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:67–75.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40:280–289.

Harding R, Hooper SB. Regulation of lung liquid and fetal lung development. J Appl Physi- ol. 1996;81:209–218.

Potter EL. Bilateral renal agenesis. J Pediatr. 1946;29:68–76.

Wigglesworth JS. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:401–406.

Manning FA. Antepartum fetal testing. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31:765–780.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 46: Oligohydramnios. Am J Obs- tet Gynecol. 2021.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145. Obstet Gynecol.2021;138:e212–e224.

Cunningham FG, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.

Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2017;6:CD007529.

Hofmeyr GJ, et al. Maternal hydration for increasing amniotic fluid volume. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2002;CD000134.

Umber A. Effect of maternal hydration on AFI. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009;35:734–739.

Hofmeyr GJ. Amnioinfusion for umbilical cord compression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD000013.

Macri CJ, et al. Intrapartum amnioinfusion. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79:996–1001.

Mercer BM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:178–193.

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 217: Prelabor rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:e80– e97.

Barr M Jr. Teratogen update: ACE inhibitors. Teratology. 1994;50:399–409.

Bateman BT, et al. NSAIDs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMJ. 2013;346:f3129.

Locatelli A, et al. Isolated oligohydramnios at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:163–169.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 52: Diagnosis and management of polyhydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: anomaly preva- lence and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:134–139.

Magann EF, Doherty DA, Chauhan SP, Busch FW, Morrison JC. The ultrasound estimation of am- niotic fluid volume. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196:1–9.

Langer O, Yogev Y, Xenakis EMJ, Brustman L. Overweight and obese in gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2005;192:1768–1776.

Sherer DM. Polyhydramnios: ultrasonographic diagnosis and clinical management. Obstet Gyne- col Surv.2002;57:453–466.

Quintero RA, Morales WJ, Allen MH, et al. Staging of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. N Engl J Med.1999;340:1317–1325.

Lewi L, et al. Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:1–8.

Biggio JR, Wenstrom KD, Dubard MB, Cliver SP. Hydramnios prediction of adverse perinatal out- come. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94:773–777.

Pauer HU, Viereck V, Krauss V, et al. Amnioreduction in severe polyhydramnios. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003;18:397–402.

Quintero RA, Morales WJ, Allen MH, Bornick PW, Johnson PK, Kruger M. Staging of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1317–1325.

Lewi L, et al. Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:1–8.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series: Twin-to-twin transfusion syndro- me. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020.

Denbow ML, Fisk NM. The pathophysiology of TTTS. Semin Perinatol. 2003;27:386–394.

Lopriore E, Middeldorp JM, Oepkes D, Vandenbussche FPHA, Walther FJ. Twin-to-twin transfusi- on syndrome. Lancet.2007;369:129–139.

Quintero RA. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome staging. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:133–140.

Senat MV, et al. Endoscopic laser surgery versus amnioreduction. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:136– 144.

Roberts D, Gates S, Kilby MD, Neilson JP. Interventions for TTTS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD002073.

Lopriore E, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after TTTS. Am J Obstet Gyne- col. 2009;200:231.e1–231.e6.

Magann EF, et al. Amniotic fluid volume assessment. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38:55– 66.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF. Creasy and Resnik’s Mater- nal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280– 289.

Underwood MA, Gilbert WM, Sherman MP. Amniotic fluid: regulation and clinical significan- ce. Semin Perinatol.2005;29(4):260–269.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). SMFM Consult Series No. 46: Evaluation and mana- gement of oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). SMFM Consult Series No. 52: Diagnosis and mana- gement of polyhydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: anomaly preva- lence and sonographic detection. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(1):134–139.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid volume estimation and the biophysical profile: current controversies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(1):55–66.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF. Creasy and Resnik’s Mater- nal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280– 289.

Ross MG, Nijland MJ. Development of ingestive behavior in the fetus. Am J Physiol. 1998;274(4 Pt 2):R879–R893.

Gilbert WM, Brace RA. Intramembranous absorption of amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gyne- col. 1989;161(6):159–164.

Harding R. Fetal lung development and the role of amniotic fluid. Clin Perinatol. 1994;21(2):253– 268.

Wigglesworth JS. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56(6):401–406.

Queenan JT, et al. Chemical composition of amniotic fluid. Obstet Gynecol. 1972;40:587–592.

Spitz L. Oesophageal atresia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007;2:24.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280– 289.

Underwood MA, Gilbert WM, Sherman MP. Amniotic fluid: regulation and clinical significan- ce. Semin Perinatol.2005;29(4):260–269.

Locatelli A, Zaretsky MV, Ghidini A. Oligohydramnios: pathophysiology and clinical manage- ment. BJOG.2004;111(2):118–123.

Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid volume estimation and the biophysical profile: current controversies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(1):55–66.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid volume estimation and the biophysical profile: current controversies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(1):55–66.

Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quad- rant technique. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157(4):715–719.

Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA. Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2008;(3):CD006593.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 46: Evaluation and management of oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 52: Diagnosis and management of polyhydramnios.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: anomaly preva- lence and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(1):134–139.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al. Williams Obstet- rics. 26th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022.

Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA. Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD006593.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145: Ante- partum fetal surveillance. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;138(5):e212–e224.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.

SMFM Consult Series No. 46: Evaluation and management of oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gy- necol. 2021.

Locatelli A, Zaretsky MV, Ghidini A. Oligohydramnios: pathophysiology and clinical manage- ment. BJOG.2004;111:118–123.

Wigglesworth JS. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:401–406.

Manning FA. Antepartum fetal testing. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31:765–780.

Baschat AA. Fetal responses to placental insufficiency. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:67–75.

Brace RA, Wolf EJ. Normal amniotic fluid volume changes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161:382– 388.

Potter EL. Bilateral renal agenesis. J Pediatr. 1946;29:68–76.

Koff SA. Pathophysiology of congenital urinary tract obstruction. Pediatr Nephrol. 1992;6:241– 247.

Mercer BM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:178–193.

Barr M Jr. Teratogen update: ACE inhibitors. Teratology. 1994;50:399–409.

Bateman BT, et al. NSAIDs in pregnancy. BMJ. 2013;346:f3129.

Baschat AA. Fetal responses to placental insufficiency. Semin Perinatol. 2004;28:67–75.

Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1997;40:280–289.

Harding R, Hooper SB. Regulation of lung liquid and fetal lung development. J Appl Physi- ol. 1996;81:209–218.

Potter EL. Bilateral renal agenesis. J Pediatr. 1946;29:68–76.

Wigglesworth JS. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:401–406.

Manning FA. Antepartum fetal testing. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31:765–780.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 46: Oligohydramnios. Am J Obs- tet Gynecol. 2021.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin No. 145. Obstet Gynecol.2021;138:e212–e224.

Cunningham FG, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.

Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2017;6:CD007529.

Hofmeyr GJ, et al. Maternal hydration for increasing amniotic fluid volume. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2002;CD000134.

Umber A. Effect of maternal hydration on AFI. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009;35:734–739.

Hofmeyr GJ. Amnioinfusion for umbilical cord compression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD000013.

Macri CJ, et al. Intrapartum amnioinfusion. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79:996–1001.

Mercer BM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:178–193.

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 217: Prelabor rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:e80– e97.

Barr M Jr. Teratogen update: ACE inhibitors. Teratology. 1994;50:399–409.

Bateman BT, et al. NSAIDs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMJ. 2013;346:f3129.

Locatelli A, et al. Isolated oligohydramnios at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:163–169.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series No. 52: Diagnosis and management of polyhydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: anomaly preva- lence and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:134–139.

Magann EF, Doherty DA, Chauhan SP, Busch FW, Morrison JC. The ultrasound estimation of am- niotic fluid volume. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196:1–9.

Langer O, Yogev Y, Xenakis EMJ, Brustman L. Overweight and obese in gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2005;192:1768–1776.

Sherer DM. Polyhydramnios: ultrasonographic diagnosis and clinical management. Obstet Gyne- col Surv.2002;57:453–466.

Quintero RA, Morales WJ, Allen MH, et al. Staging of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. N Engl J Med.1999;340:1317–1325.

Lewi L, et al. Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:1–8.

Biggio JR, Wenstrom KD, Dubard MB, Cliver SP. Hydramnios prediction of adverse perinatal out- come. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94:773–777.

Pauer HU, Viereck V, Krauss V, et al. Amnioreduction in severe polyhydramnios. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003;18:397–402.

Quintero RA, Morales WJ, Allen MH, Bornick PW, Johnson PK, Kruger M. Staging of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1317–1325.

Lewi L, et al. Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:1–8.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Consult Series: Twin-to-twin transfusion syndro- me. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020.

Denbow ML, Fisk NM. The pathophysiology of TTTS. Semin Perinatol. 2003;27:386–394.

Lopriore E, Middeldorp JM, Oepkes D, Vandenbussche FPHA, Walther FJ. Twin-to-twin transfusi- on syndrome. Lancet.2007;369:129–139.

Quintero RA. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome staging. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:133–140.

Senat MV, et al. Endoscopic laser surgery versus amnioreduction. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:136– 144.

Roberts D, Gates S, Kilby MD, Neilson JP. Interventions for TTTS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD002073.

Lopriore E, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after TTTS. Am J Obstet Gyne- col. 2009;200:231.e1–231.e6.

Magann EF, et al. Amniotic fluid volume assessment. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38:55– 66.