Terapötik Dokunmanın Cerrahi Bakımda Kullanımı
Özet
Terapötik dokunma, biyolojik enerji alanlarını düzenleyerek iyileşme sürecini destekleyen geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamasıdır. Bu bölümde, terapötik dokunmanın tarihsel kökenlerine, temel uygulama süreçlerine, fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkilerine ve cerrahi bakımda kullanımına ilişkin bilimsel araştırmalar irdelenmektedir. Terapötik dokunma, Doğu ve Batı Tıbbı’ndaki enerji akışı modelleri ile bütüncül sağlık yaklaşımlarına dayanmaktadır. Modern terapötik dokunma uygulaması, 1972 yılında hemşire Dolores Krieger ve Dora Kunz tarafından geliştirilmiş olup, günümüzde hemşirelik, rehabilitasyon ve psikolojik destek alanlarında tamamlayıcı bir tedavi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Literatürde, terapötik dokunmanın cerrahi bakım sürecinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı yönetimi, anksiyete kontrolü ve yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ancak, bu alandaki çalışmaların metodolojik sınırlamaları ve deneysel kontrollü çalışma eksiklikleri, terapötik dokunmanın klinik etkinliğine yönelik kesin yargılara varılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Buna ek olarak, enerji tedavilerinin bilimsel geçerliliğini artırmayı amaçlayan klinik raporlama standartları ve rehberler son yıllarda geliştirilmiş olup, bu bölümde söz konusu rehbere de yer verilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, terapötik dokunmanın klinik etkinliğinin net bir şekilde ortaya konulabilmesi için daha geniş örneklem gruplarıyla, yüksek metodolojik kaliteye sahip randomize kontrollü çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Therapeutic touch is recognized as a complementary therapy that aims to regulate biological energy fields and support the healing process. This book chapter comprehensively examines the historical origins of therapeutic touch, its fundamental application processes, physiological and psychological effects, and its use in surgical care based on scientific research. Therapeutic touch is rooted in energy flow models and holistic health approaches in Eastern and Western medicine. Modern therapeutic touch was developed in 1972 by Dolores Krieger and Dora Kunz and is currently applied as a complementary intervention in nursing, rehabilitation, and psychological support fields. In the literature, the potential effects of therapeutic touch on postoperative pain management, anxiety control, and wound healing in surgical care have been investigated. However, the methodological limitations and lack of controlled studies in this field make it challenging to draw definitive conclusions about therapeutic touch’s clinical effectiveness. Additionally, clinical reporting standards and guidelines have been developed to enhance the scientific validity of energy therapies, and this chapter also discusses these guidelines. In this context, further large-scale, methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of therapeutic touch with greater clarity.
Referanslar
Lindquist R. Complementary therapies in nursing: Promoting integrative care. 9th ed. New York: Springer Publishing; 2023.
Lewith GT, Jonas WB, Walach H. Clinical research in complementary therapies: Principles, problems, and solutions. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier; 2010.
Yardımcı AB, Yardımcı Gürel T. Terapötik dokunuş teorisinin uygulanması ve bilim felsefesi açısından değerlendirilmesi. 2. Uluslararası 19 Mayıs Yenilikçi Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar Kongresi, 27-29 Dec 2019, Türkiye. pp.90.
Matos LC, Machado JP, Monteiro FJ, et al. Perspectives, measurability and effects of non-contact biofield-based practices: A narrative review of quantitative research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(12):6397. doi:10.3390/ijerph18126397
Jain S, Mills PJ. Biofield therapies: Helpful or full of hype? A best evidence synthesis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2010;17(1):1–16. doi:10.1007/s12529-009-9062-4
Quinn JF. Therapeutic touch as energy exchange: Replication and extension. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1989;2(2):79–87. doi:10.1177/089431848900200207
Turan N. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde terapötik dokunmanın önemi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015;(3):134–139.
Coakley AB, Barron AM. Energy therapies in oncology nursing. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2012;28(1):55–63. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2011.11.006
Anderson JG, Suchicital L, Lang M, et al. The effects of healing touch on pain, nausea, and anxiety following bariatric surgery: A pilot study. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. 2015;11(3):208–216. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2015.02.006
Busch M, Visser A, Eybrechts M, et al. The implementation and evaluation of therapeutic touch in burn patients: An instructive experience of conducting a scientific study within a non-academic nursing setting. Patient Education and Counseling. 2012;89(3):439–446. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2012.08.012
Coakley AB, Duffy ME. The effect of therapeutic touch on postoperative patients. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2010;28(3):193–200. doi:10.1177/0898010110368861
MacIntyre B, Hamilton J, Fricke T, et al. The efficacy of healing touch in coronary artery bypass surgery recovery: A randomized clinical trial. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2008;14(4):24–32.
Gronowicz G, Secor Jr ER, Flynn JR, et al. Therapeutic touch has significant effects on mouse breast cancer metastasis and immune responses but not primary tumor size. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 2015:926565. doi:10.1155/2015/926565
Smith MC, Reeder F, Daniel L, et al. Outcomes of touch therapies during bone marrow transplant. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2003;9(1):40–49.
Meehan TC. Therapeutic touch and postoperative pain: A Rogerian research study. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1993;6(2):69–78. doi:10.1177/089431849300600206
Turner JG, Clark AJ, Gauthier DK, et al. The effect of therapeutic touch on pain and anxiety in burn patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1998;28(1):10–20. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00770.x
Hammerschlag R, Sprengel ML, Baldwin AL. Biofield therapies: Guidelines for reporting clinical trials. Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health. 2024;13(1):1-14. doi: 10.1177/27536130231202501
Yıldırım, M. Karaciğer nakli olan çocuklara uygulanan terapötik dokunma ve müzik dinletisinin uykularına etkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). 2022. Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Kaisermann J. Geleneksel Çin tıbbından Ortaçağ İslami zamanlarına. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Stanford Books; 2014.
Alakuş A. Eski Yunan’da din ve şifa ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Erciyes Akademi. 2021;35(Özel sayı):561–576.
Krieger D. Healing by the “laying-on” of hands as a facilitator of bioenergetic change: The response of in-vivo human hemoglobin. Psychoenergetic Systems. 1976; 1:121–129.
Krieger D. Accepting your power to heal, the personal practice of therapeutictouch. Rochester: Vermont, Bear & Company;1993.
Mueller G, Palli C, Schumacher P. The effect of therapeutic touch on back pain in adults on a neurological unit: An experimental pilot study. Pain Management Nursing. 2019;20(1):75–81. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.09.002
O’Mathúna DP. Therapeutic touch for healing acute wounds. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;(5):CD002766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002766.pub2
Madrid MM, Barrett EA, Winstead-Fry P. A study of the feasibility of introducing therapeutic touch into the operative environment with patients undergoing cerebral angiography. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2010;28(3):168–174. doi:10.1177/0898010110369173
McCormack GL. Using non-contact therapeutic touch to manage post-surgical pain in the elderly. Occupational Therapy International. 2009;16(1):44–56. doi:10.1002/oti.264
Uyar MG. Terapötik dokunuşun ve hasta eğitiminin ameliyatı ertelenen hastalar üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması ve derinlemesine incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). 2024. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Seskevich JE, Crater SW, Lane JD, et al. Beneficial effects of noetic therapies on mood before percutaneous intervention for unstable coronary syndromes. Nursing Research. 2004;53(2):116–121. doi:10.1097/00006199-200403000-00007
Radin D, Schlitz M, Baur C. Distant healing intention therapies: An overview of the scientific evidence. Global Advances in Health and Medicine. 2015;4(1):67–71. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2015.012.suppl
Garrett L, Riou J. A rapid evidence assessment of recent therapeutic touch research. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2015;21(4):241–249.
Ernst E. Distant healing – An “update” of a systematic review. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2003;115(7–8):241–245. doi:10.1007/BF03040322
So PS, Jiang JY, Qin Y. Touch therapies for pain relief in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013;(11):CD006535. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006535.pub3
Bagci H, Yucel SC. A systematic review of the studies about therapeutic touch after the year of 2000. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2020;13(1):231–241.
Senderovich H, Ip ML, Berall A, et al. Therapeutic Touch in a geriatric palliative care unit – A retrospective review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2016;24:134–138. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.06.002
Chhugani M. Therapeutic touch modalities and premature neonate’s health outcome: A literature review. Journal of Neonatal Biology. 2014;3(4):3–5. doi:10.4172/2167-0897.1000148
Namavar R. Pain after hip arthroplasty managed by Brennan Healing Science. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. 2014;10(1):55–57. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2013.10.002
Zare Z, Shahsavari H, Moeini M. Effects of therapeutic touch on the vital signs of patients before coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2010;15(1):37–42.
Referanslar
Lindquist R. Complementary therapies in nursing: Promoting integrative care. 9th ed. New York: Springer Publishing; 2023.
Lewith GT, Jonas WB, Walach H. Clinical research in complementary therapies: Principles, problems, and solutions. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier; 2010.
Yardımcı AB, Yardımcı Gürel T. Terapötik dokunuş teorisinin uygulanması ve bilim felsefesi açısından değerlendirilmesi. 2. Uluslararası 19 Mayıs Yenilikçi Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar Kongresi, 27-29 Dec 2019, Türkiye. pp.90.
Matos LC, Machado JP, Monteiro FJ, et al. Perspectives, measurability and effects of non-contact biofield-based practices: A narrative review of quantitative research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(12):6397. doi:10.3390/ijerph18126397
Jain S, Mills PJ. Biofield therapies: Helpful or full of hype? A best evidence synthesis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2010;17(1):1–16. doi:10.1007/s12529-009-9062-4
Quinn JF. Therapeutic touch as energy exchange: Replication and extension. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1989;2(2):79–87. doi:10.1177/089431848900200207
Turan N. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde terapötik dokunmanın önemi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015;(3):134–139.
Coakley AB, Barron AM. Energy therapies in oncology nursing. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2012;28(1):55–63. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2011.11.006
Anderson JG, Suchicital L, Lang M, et al. The effects of healing touch on pain, nausea, and anxiety following bariatric surgery: A pilot study. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. 2015;11(3):208–216. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2015.02.006
Busch M, Visser A, Eybrechts M, et al. The implementation and evaluation of therapeutic touch in burn patients: An instructive experience of conducting a scientific study within a non-academic nursing setting. Patient Education and Counseling. 2012;89(3):439–446. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2012.08.012
Coakley AB, Duffy ME. The effect of therapeutic touch on postoperative patients. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2010;28(3):193–200. doi:10.1177/0898010110368861
MacIntyre B, Hamilton J, Fricke T, et al. The efficacy of healing touch in coronary artery bypass surgery recovery: A randomized clinical trial. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2008;14(4):24–32.
Gronowicz G, Secor Jr ER, Flynn JR, et al. Therapeutic touch has significant effects on mouse breast cancer metastasis and immune responses but not primary tumor size. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 2015:926565. doi:10.1155/2015/926565
Smith MC, Reeder F, Daniel L, et al. Outcomes of touch therapies during bone marrow transplant. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2003;9(1):40–49.
Meehan TC. Therapeutic touch and postoperative pain: A Rogerian research study. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1993;6(2):69–78. doi:10.1177/089431849300600206
Turner JG, Clark AJ, Gauthier DK, et al. The effect of therapeutic touch on pain and anxiety in burn patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1998;28(1):10–20. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00770.x
Hammerschlag R, Sprengel ML, Baldwin AL. Biofield therapies: Guidelines for reporting clinical trials. Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health. 2024;13(1):1-14. doi: 10.1177/27536130231202501
Yıldırım, M. Karaciğer nakli olan çocuklara uygulanan terapötik dokunma ve müzik dinletisinin uykularına etkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). 2022. Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Kaisermann J. Geleneksel Çin tıbbından Ortaçağ İslami zamanlarına. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Stanford Books; 2014.
Alakuş A. Eski Yunan’da din ve şifa ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Erciyes Akademi. 2021;35(Özel sayı):561–576.
Krieger D. Healing by the “laying-on” of hands as a facilitator of bioenergetic change: The response of in-vivo human hemoglobin. Psychoenergetic Systems. 1976; 1:121–129.
Krieger D. Accepting your power to heal, the personal practice of therapeutictouch. Rochester: Vermont, Bear & Company;1993.
Mueller G, Palli C, Schumacher P. The effect of therapeutic touch on back pain in adults on a neurological unit: An experimental pilot study. Pain Management Nursing. 2019;20(1):75–81. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.09.002
O’Mathúna DP. Therapeutic touch for healing acute wounds. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;(5):CD002766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002766.pub2
Madrid MM, Barrett EA, Winstead-Fry P. A study of the feasibility of introducing therapeutic touch into the operative environment with patients undergoing cerebral angiography. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2010;28(3):168–174. doi:10.1177/0898010110369173
McCormack GL. Using non-contact therapeutic touch to manage post-surgical pain in the elderly. Occupational Therapy International. 2009;16(1):44–56. doi:10.1002/oti.264
Uyar MG. Terapötik dokunuşun ve hasta eğitiminin ameliyatı ertelenen hastalar üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması ve derinlemesine incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). 2024. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Seskevich JE, Crater SW, Lane JD, et al. Beneficial effects of noetic therapies on mood before percutaneous intervention for unstable coronary syndromes. Nursing Research. 2004;53(2):116–121. doi:10.1097/00006199-200403000-00007
Radin D, Schlitz M, Baur C. Distant healing intention therapies: An overview of the scientific evidence. Global Advances in Health and Medicine. 2015;4(1):67–71. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2015.012.suppl
Garrett L, Riou J. A rapid evidence assessment of recent therapeutic touch research. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2015;21(4):241–249.
Ernst E. Distant healing – An “update” of a systematic review. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2003;115(7–8):241–245. doi:10.1007/BF03040322
So PS, Jiang JY, Qin Y. Touch therapies for pain relief in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013;(11):CD006535. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006535.pub3
Bagci H, Yucel SC. A systematic review of the studies about therapeutic touch after the year of 2000. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2020;13(1):231–241.
Senderovich H, Ip ML, Berall A, et al. Therapeutic Touch in a geriatric palliative care unit – A retrospective review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2016;24:134–138. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.06.002
Chhugani M. Therapeutic touch modalities and premature neonate’s health outcome: A literature review. Journal of Neonatal Biology. 2014;3(4):3–5. doi:10.4172/2167-0897.1000148
Namavar R. Pain after hip arthroplasty managed by Brennan Healing Science. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. 2014;10(1):55–57. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2013.10.002
Zare Z, Shahsavari H, Moeini M. Effects of therapeutic touch on the vital signs of patients before coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2010;15(1):37–42.
