Qigong ve Tai Chi’nin Cerrahi Bakımda Kullanımı
Özet
Kökenleri Çin’e dayanan, nefes alma teknikleri ile birleştirilmiş zihin-beden egzersizlerini içeren Qigong ve Tai Chi, bedensel, zihinsel ve ruhsal dengenin geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Egzersizlerin temelinde bedende enerji meridyenlerinin açılmasını, sinir sisteminin yatıştırılmasını ve bağışıklık sisteminin güçlendirilmesini sağlamak yer almaktadır. Bu etkileri sayesinde cerrahi bakım sürecinde ağrı, stres ve kaygıyı azaltarak iyileşme sürecini desteklemektedirler. Bu açıdan Qigong ve Tai Chi günümüzde cerrahi hemşireliğinde geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları kapsamında hemşirelik girişimi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu bölümde bu iki uygulamanın genel tanımlarına, yöntemlerine, etki mekanizmalarına ve cerrahi bakım sürecindeki kullanım alanlarına yer verilmiştir.
Originating in China, Qigong and Tai Chi are mind-body exercises combined with breathing techniques that aim to develop physical, mental, and spiritual balance. They facilitate the opening of energy meridians in the body, soothe the nervous system, and strengthen the immune system. Due to these effects, they support the healing process during surgical care by reducing pain, stress, and anxiety. In this respect, Qigong and Tai Chi are currently used as nursing interventions within the scope of traditional and complementary medical practices in surgical nursing. In this context, Qigong and Tai Chi are used today as complementary and supportive practices in the surgical care process. The general definitions, methods, mechanisms of action, and areas of use of these two practices in the surgical care process are discussed in this section.
Referanslar
Liu J, Shi H, Lee TMC. Qigong exercise and cognitive function in brain imaging studies: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in healthy and cognitively impaired populations. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative. 2023;3:100016. doi: 10.1016/j.bbii.2023.100016
Zhang YP, Hu RX, Han M, et al. Evidence base of clinical studies on qi gong: A bibliometric analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;50:102392. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102392.
van Dam K. Individual stress prevention through qigong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):7342. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197342.
Mazzocco K, Milani A, Ciccarelli C, et al. Evidence for choosing qigong as an integrated intervention in cancer care: An umbrella review. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(4):1176. doi: 10.3390/cancers15041176.
Dong X, Chang E, Chen K. The physical, physiological, and biological effects of qigong therapy. Journal of Translational Science. 2016;2(4):206-228. doi: 10.15761/JTS.1000142
Quixadá AP, Miranda JGV, Osypiuk K, et al. Qigong training positively impacts both posture and mood in breast cancer survivors with persistent post-surgical pain: Support for an embodied cognition paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:800727. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.800727
Zhao A, Mao J, Cai Y, et al. Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on health indicators in people with lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences. 2024;11(4):395-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2024.09.001
Hung SH, Hwang CY, Chang CY. Is the Qi experience related to the flow experience? Practicing qigong in urban green spaces. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0240180. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240180.
Ataman Kufacı A, Altay B. Hemşirelik uygulamalarında tamamlayıcı ve alternatif bir yaklaşım: Çigong. Bütünleyici ve Anadolu Tıbbı Dergisi. 2023;4(4):72-86. doi: 10.53445/batd.1359107
Klein P. Qigong in Cancer Care: Theory, Evidence-Base, and Practice. Medicines (Basel). 2017;4(1):2. doi: 10.3390/medicines4010002.
National Qigong Association. What is qigong? 2024. Available from: https://www.nqa.org/what-is-qigong (Accessed 31st January 2025).
Klein P, Picard G, Baumgarden J, et al. Meditative movement, energetic, and physical analyses of three Qigong exercises: Unification of eastern and western mechanistic exercise theory. Medicines (Basel). 2017;4(4):69. doi: 10.3390/medicines4040069.
Guo Y, Xu MM, Huang Y, et al. Safety of Qigong: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(44):e13042. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013042.
Rogers T, Weaver J. Integrating Qigong into healthcare: Adding Qigong health care to the healthcare system. Qi: Journal of Traditional Eastern Health & Fitness. 2021;31(2):18-29.
Leung KW, Yang YJ, Hui SS, et al. Mind-body health benefits of traditional Chinese Qigong on women: A Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:7443498. doi: 10.1155/2021/7443498.
Feng F, Tang HT, Ding, GA, et al. Qigong as a non pharmaceutical therapy for sleep disturbance. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative. 2024;7:100073. doi: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100073
Lin CY, Wei TT, Wang CC, et al. Acute physiological and psychological effects of Qigong exercise in older practitioners. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018:4960978. doi: 10.1155/2018/4960978
Jiménez-Martín PJ, Liu H. Exploring the health advantages and disadvantages of static and dynamic postures of Qigong and its use as a Traditional and Complementary Medicine. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2018;24:61-64. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.11.001
Guo Y, Xu M, Wei Z, et al. Beneficial effects of Qigong Wuqinxi in the ımprovement of health condition, prevention, and treatment of chronic diseases: Evidence from a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018:3235950. doi: 10.1155/2018/3235950
Zeng ZP, Liu YB, Fang J, et al. Effects of Baduanjin exercise for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;48:102279. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102279
Qin Y, Xia W, Huang W, et al. The beneficial effect of traditional Chinese exercises on the management of obesity. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020;2020:2321679. doi: 10.1155/2020/2321679
Babaoglu E, Yalcinturk AA, Gures EE, et al. The effect of Qigong exercise on state anxiety levels of inpatients in psychiatric wards: A randomized controlled study. Explore (NY). 2024;20(6):103064. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.103064
Jahnke R, Larkey L, Rogers C, Etnier J, Lin F. A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2010;24(6):e1-e25. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.081013-LIT-248
Dong X, Shi Z, Ding M, et al. The effects of Qigong for hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:5622631. doi: 10.1155/2021/5622631
Oh B, Bae K, Lamoury G, et al. The effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on ımmune responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicines (Basel). 2020;7(7):39. doi: 10.3390/medicines7070039
Zhang R, Fang, Z. The effects of Qigong on balance and fall prevention in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2024;3(3):Article 171. doi: 10.18122/ijpah.3.3.171.boisestate
Myers JS, Mitchell M, Krigel S, et al. Qigong intervention for breast cancer survivors with complaints of decreased cognitive function. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(4):1395-1403. doi: 10.1007/s00520-018-4430-8
Meng T, Hu SF, Cheng YQ, et al. Qigong for women with breast cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2021;60:102743. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102743
Wang Y, Xing R, Wang R, et al. Effect of Qigong exercise on quality of life and cortisol in patients with cancer: A non-randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2024;33(1):58. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-09098-7
National Center for Complementary and Integrative health (NIH). Qigong: What you need to know. 2022. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/qigong-what-you-need-to-know (Accessed 30th January 2025).
Klich W, Milert A. Tai chi and Qigong as a form of physical activity of people of all ages in the context of modern physiotherapy. Physical Activity Review. 2018;6:22–28. doi: 10.16926/par.2018.06.04
Sowada KM. Qigong: Benefits for survivors coping with cancer-related fatigue. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2019;23(5):465-469. doi: 10.1188/19.CJON.465-469
So WWY, Cai S, Yau SY et al. The neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms of Qigong as a treatment for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019;10:820. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00820
Zhang J, Su Q, Li SC. Qigong exercise balances oxygen supply and acid-base to modulate hypoxia: A perspective platform toward preemptive health & medicine. Medical Sciences. 2023;11(1):21. doi: 10.3390/medsci11010021
Pagnozzi LA, Butcher JT. Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mitral valve physiology and disease pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2017;4:83. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00083
Toneti BF, Barbosa RFM, Mano LY, et al. Benefits of Qigong as an integrative and complementary practice for health: A systematic review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3317. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.3718.3317
Turan N, Öztürk A, Kaya N. Hemşirelikte yeni bir sorumluluk alanı: tamamlayıcı terapi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2010;3(1):103-108.
Kaya Ş, Karakuş Z, Boz İ, et al. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de tamamlayıcı terapilere ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerde hemşirelerin yeri. JAREN. 2020;6(3):584-591. doi:10.5222/jaren.2020.58561
Watson MJ. New dimensions of human caring theory. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1988;1(4):175-81. doi: 10.1177/089431848800100411
Brown JT, Alligood MR. Health as expanding consciousness In: Alligood MR (ed.) Nursing theorists and their work. 8th ed. United States of America: Elsevier; 2014. p. 442-462.
Chang PS, Knobf MT, Oh B, et al. Physical and psychological effects of Qigong exercise in community-dwelling older adults: An exploratory study. Geriatric Nursing. 2018;39(1):88-94. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.07.004
Kaplan Serin E. Combating With COPD by QiGong physical and mental exercise. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2024;28(3):172-178. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000416
Krause-Parello CA, Park J, Newman D. Examining preliminary efficacy of a Qigong intervention in veterans with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled pilot study. Pain Management Nursing. 2024:S1524-9042(24)00275-3. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.013
Chou TW, Kuo CC, Chen KM, et al. Influence of Qigong Wuqinxi on pain, sleep, and tongue features in older adults. Journal of Nursing Research. 2024;32(6):e358. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000646
Chuang TY, Yeh ML, Chung YC. A nurse facilitated mind-body interactive exercise (Chan-Chuang qigong) improves the health status of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy: Randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2017;69:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.01.004
Lu Y, Qu HQ, Chen FY, et al. Effect of Baduanjin Qigong exercise on cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Oncology Research and Treatment. 2019;42(9):431-439. doi: 10.1159/000501127.
Chen CH, Hung KS, Chung YC, et al. Mind-body interactive qigong improves physical and mental aspects of quality of life in inpatients with stroke: A randomized control study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2019;18(8):658-666. doi: 10.1177/1474515119860232
Guan F, Ji Q. Effect of health Qigong on rehabilitation of stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative Nursing. 2023;5:15-20. doi:10.4103/jin.jin_67_22
Chang PS, Lu Y, Nguyen CM, et al. Effects of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health among African Americans. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2021;43(6):551-562. doi: 10.1177/0193945920959067
Seiça A, Gonçalves M, Magalhães-Leite J, et al. Qigong for the emotional exhaustion in nurses: Implications of a prospective randomized controlled trial in the COVID-19 pandemic. Alternative Therapies, Health and Medicine. 2023;29(4):128-133. PMID: 35951067
Kim S, Ko YH, Song Y, et al. Development of an exercise adherence program for breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue-an intervention mapping approach. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(12):4745-4752. doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-04785-2
Yang A, Sokolof J, Gulati A. The effect of preoperative exercise on upper extremity recovery following breast cancer surgery: a systematic review. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2018;41(3):189-196. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000288
Ospiuk K, Ligibel J, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Qigong mind-body exercise as a biopsychosocial therapy for persistent post-surgical pain in breast cancer: A pilot study. Integrative Cancer Therapies (ICT). 2020;19:1534735419893766. doi: 10.1177/1534735419893766
Low SLK, Cheema BS, Tan HY, et al. The feasibility and effects of Qigong ıntervention (mind-body exercise) in cancer patients with ınsomnia: A pilot qualitative study. Integrative Cancer Therapies (ICT). 2020;19:1534735420977671. doi: 10.1177/1534735420977671
Xu J, Li X, Zeng J, et al. Effect of Baduanjin qigong on postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2023;32(1):73. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08194-4
Welch HG, Prorok PC, O'Malley AJ, et al. Breast-cancer tumor size, overdiagnosis, and mammography screening effectiveness. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375(15):1438-1447. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600249
Li C, Dong X, Yu L, et al. The effects of qigong intervention based on the Internet on quality of life and physical fitness in Chinese postoperative breast cancer patients: a protocol of randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2023;24(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07187-2
Quist M, Sommer MS, Vibe-Petersen J, et al. Early initiated postoperative rehabilitation reduces fatigue in patients with operable lung cancer: A randomized trial. Lung Cancer. 2018;126:125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.10.025
Yang Y, Chen K, Tang W, et al. Influence of Baduanjin on lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(37):e22134. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022134
Wu D, Li J, Dong H, et al. The effect of Baduanjin on postoperative activity tolerance, lung function and negative emotions in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2025;33(7):631. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09690-5.
Ye XX, Ren ZY, Vafaei S, et al. Effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise on quality of life and psychological health in postoperative patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2022;21:15347354221104092. doi: 10.1177/15347354221104092.
Galiano-Castillo N, Arroyo-Morales M, Ariza-Garcia A, et al. Factors that explain the cancer-related insomnia. The Breast Journal. 2017;23:387-394. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12759
Matthews E, Carter P, Page M, et al. Sleep-wake disturbance: a systematic review of evidence-based interventions for management in patients with cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing (CJON). 2018;22:37-52. doi: 10.1188/18.Cjon.37-52
Ramos Dos Santos PM, Aquaroni Ricci N, Aparecida Bordignon Suster É, et al. Effects of early mobilisation in patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2017;103(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.08.003
Zhang QL, Ge M, Chen C, et al. Comparison of effects of Liuzijue exercise and conventional respiratory training on patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2023;29(7):579-589. doi: 10.1007/s11655-023-3637-9
Sato M, Mutai H, Yamamoto S, et al. Decreased activities of daily living at discharge predict mortality and readmission in elderly patients after cardiac and aortic surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(31):e26819. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026819
Açıkel MET. Evaluation of depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: A prospective clinical study. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;34(4):389-395. doi: 10.21470/1678-9741-2018-0426
Rodrigues SN, Henriques HR, Henriques MA. Effectiveness of preoperative breathing exercise interventions in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition). 2021;40(3):229-244. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.08.013
Yu Z, Xie G, Qin C, et al. Effect of postoperative exercise training on physical function and quality of life of lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103(10):e37285. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037285
Qi A, He Y, Gu Y, et al. Chinese herbal medicine combined with Liuzijue exercise in physiological rehabilitation after video-assisted lung lobectomy for cancer: A prospective propensity score matching study. Integrative Cancer Therapies (ICT). 2024;23:15347354241261977. doi: 10.1177/15347354241261977
Kerkez M, Okuyan CB, Erci B. Health effects of Tai Chi Qigong practices and its reflections on nursing practices: Systematic review. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2024;38(5):267-272. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000658
Danilov A, Frishman WH. Complementary therapies: Tai Chi in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Cardiology in Review. 2025;33(1):54-57. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000578
Mahalakshmi AL, Shaji JCH. Tai Chi and its Impact on Health. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 2024;19(3):402-405. doi: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_109_24
Huston P, McFarlane B. Health benefits of tai chi: What is the evidence? Canadian Family Physician. 2016;62(11):881-890.
Yeung A, Chan JSM, Cheung JC, et al. Qigong and Tai-Chi for mood regulation. Focus (American Psychiatric Association Publishing). 2018;16(1):40-47. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170042
Li H, Chen J, Xu G, et al. The effect of Tai Chi for improving sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;274:1102-1112. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.076
Yang FC, Desai AB, Esfahani P, et al. Effectiveness of Tai Chi for health promotion of older adults: A scoping review of meta-analyses. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;16(6):700-716. doi: 10.1177/15598276211001291
Yıldırım P. Tai Chi egzersizinin etkileri ve klinik uygulamaları. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2014;60 (Özel Sayı 2):S36-S42.
Huang J, Wang D, Wang J. Clinical evidence of Tai Chi exercise prescriptions: A systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:5558805. doi: 10.1155/2021/5558805
Wayne PM, Berkowitz DL, Litrownik DE, et al. What do we really know about the safety of tai chi?: A systematic review of adverse event reports in randomized trials. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014;95(12):2470-83. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.005
Du Y, Wei GX, He Y, et al. Current evidence of the application of music in Tai Chi exercise: Scoping review. Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal. 2024;8:e60104. doi: 10.2196/60104.
Gao D, Su Y, Zhang X, et al. The application of virtual reality meditation and mind-body exercises among older adults. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024;15:1303880. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1303880
Lan C, Wolf SL, Tsang WW. Tai chi exercise in medicine and health promotion. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013:298768. doi: 10.1155/2013/298768
Yao Y, Ge L, Yu Q, et al. The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on emotional health: Potential mechanisms and prefrontal cortex hypothesis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:5549006. doi: 10.1155/2021/5549006
Fan X, Soh KG, Mun CY, et al. Effects of different types of Tai Chi intervention on motor function in older adults: A systematic review. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2025;37(1):32. doi: 10.1007/s40520-024-02894-5
Lu T, Denehy L, Cao Y, et al. A 12-week multi-modal exercise program: Feasibility of combined exercise and simplified 8-style Tai Chi following lung cancer surgery. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2020;19:1534735420952887. doi: 10.1177/1534735420952887
McGee RW. Tai Chi, Qigong and the treatment of breast cancer. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research; 2024;54(3):46024-46027. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102743
Healer Within Foundation. Tai Chi Easy™. Available from: https://www.healerwithinfoundation.org/taichieasy (Accessed: 4th February 2025).
Yang M, Shao C, Shao C, et al. Tai Chi for balance and postural control in people with peripheral neuropathy: A scoping review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2024;86:103089. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103089
Kong L, Ren J, Fang S, et al. Traditional Chinese exercises on pain and disability in middle-aged and elderly patients with neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022;14:912945. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.912945
Li L, Cheng S, Wang G, et al. Tai chi chuan exercises improve functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with primary total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2019;35:121-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.02.003
Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care & Research (Hoboken). 2020;72(2):149-162. doi: 10.1002/acr.24131
Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(11):1578-1589. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.011
Xu F, Soh KG, Chan YM, et al. Effects of tai chi on postural balance and quality of life among the elderly with gait disorders: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2023;18(9):e0287035. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287035
Qin J, Zhang Y, Wu L, et al. Effect of Tai Chi alone or as additional therapy on low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(37):e17099. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017099
Niu S, Zhang T, Li W, et al. Positive effect of deep diaphragmatic breathing training on gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: a clinical randomized controlled study. Respiratory Research. 2024;25(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02783-5
Cui J, Hao Z, Tian H, et al. The effects of Tai Chi on standing balance control in older adults may be attributed to the improvement of sensory reweighting and complexity rather than reduced sway velocity or amplitude. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2024;16:1330063. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1330063
Leistner C, Menke A. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2020;175:55-64. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00004-7
Luo XC, Liu J, Fu J, et al. Effect of Tai Chi Chuan in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Oncology. 2020;10:607. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00607.
Abdullahi A, Wong TW, Ng SS. Efficacy of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory, cognitive, and motor function outcomes in patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology. 2024;14:1233408. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1233408
Yau KK, Loke AY. Effects of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on prehypertensive or hypertensive adults: A literature review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2021;43:101315. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101315
Siu PM, Yu AP, Tam BT, et al. Effects of Tai Chi or exercise on sleep in older adults with insomnia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(2):e2037199. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37199
Awaludin S, Nurachmah E, Novitasari, D. Exercise therapy for patient undergoing cardiac surgery. Jurnal Smart Keperawatan. 2022;9(1):8-17. doi: 10.34310/jskp.v9i1.613
Nardi P, Pellegrino A, Pisano C, et al. The effect of preoperative respiratory physiotherapy and motor exercise in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: short-term results. Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;16(2):81-87. doi: 10.5114/kitp.2019.86360
Nery RM, Zanini M, de Lima JB, et al. Tai Chi Chuan improves functional capacity after myocardial infarction: A randomized clinical trial. American Heart Journal. 2015;169(6):854-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.01.017
Yang YL, Wang YH, Wang SR, et al. The effect of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory fitness for coronary disease rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018;8:1091. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01091
Song F, Zhan H, Liang Y, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation improved oxygen uptake measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients after aortic valve surgery. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2019;20(1):47-52. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm.2019.01.3183
Runowicz CD, Leach CR, Henry NL, et al. American Cancer Society/American Society of clinical oncology breast cancer survivorship care guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2016;34(6):611-35. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.3809
Saraswathi V, Latha S, Niraimathi K, et al. Managing lymphedema, increasing range of motion, and quality of life through yoga therapy among breast cancer survivors: A systematic review. International Journal of Yoga. 2021;14(1):3-17. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_73_19
Yang L, Winters-Stone K, Rana B, et al. Tai Chi for cancer survivors: A systematic review toward consensus-based guidelines. Cancer Medicine. 2021;10(21):7447-7456. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4273
Zhang LL, Wang SZ, Chen HL, et al. Tai Chi exercise for cancer-related fatigue in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2016;51(3):504-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.020
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, et al. Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: A systematic review for an American College of physicians clinical practice guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2017;166(7):493-505. doi: 10.7326/M16-2459
Li Y, Yan L, Hou L, et al. Exercise intervention for patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023;11:1155225. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155225
Referanslar
Liu J, Shi H, Lee TMC. Qigong exercise and cognitive function in brain imaging studies: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in healthy and cognitively impaired populations. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative. 2023;3:100016. doi: 10.1016/j.bbii.2023.100016
Zhang YP, Hu RX, Han M, et al. Evidence base of clinical studies on qi gong: A bibliometric analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;50:102392. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102392.
van Dam K. Individual stress prevention through qigong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):7342. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197342.
Mazzocco K, Milani A, Ciccarelli C, et al. Evidence for choosing qigong as an integrated intervention in cancer care: An umbrella review. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(4):1176. doi: 10.3390/cancers15041176.
Dong X, Chang E, Chen K. The physical, physiological, and biological effects of qigong therapy. Journal of Translational Science. 2016;2(4):206-228. doi: 10.15761/JTS.1000142
Quixadá AP, Miranda JGV, Osypiuk K, et al. Qigong training positively impacts both posture and mood in breast cancer survivors with persistent post-surgical pain: Support for an embodied cognition paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:800727. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.800727
Zhao A, Mao J, Cai Y, et al. Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on health indicators in people with lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences. 2024;11(4):395-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2024.09.001
Hung SH, Hwang CY, Chang CY. Is the Qi experience related to the flow experience? Practicing qigong in urban green spaces. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0240180. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240180.
Ataman Kufacı A, Altay B. Hemşirelik uygulamalarında tamamlayıcı ve alternatif bir yaklaşım: Çigong. Bütünleyici ve Anadolu Tıbbı Dergisi. 2023;4(4):72-86. doi: 10.53445/batd.1359107
Klein P. Qigong in Cancer Care: Theory, Evidence-Base, and Practice. Medicines (Basel). 2017;4(1):2. doi: 10.3390/medicines4010002.
National Qigong Association. What is qigong? 2024. Available from: https://www.nqa.org/what-is-qigong (Accessed 31st January 2025).
Klein P, Picard G, Baumgarden J, et al. Meditative movement, energetic, and physical analyses of three Qigong exercises: Unification of eastern and western mechanistic exercise theory. Medicines (Basel). 2017;4(4):69. doi: 10.3390/medicines4040069.
Guo Y, Xu MM, Huang Y, et al. Safety of Qigong: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(44):e13042. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013042.
Rogers T, Weaver J. Integrating Qigong into healthcare: Adding Qigong health care to the healthcare system. Qi: Journal of Traditional Eastern Health & Fitness. 2021;31(2):18-29.
Leung KW, Yang YJ, Hui SS, et al. Mind-body health benefits of traditional Chinese Qigong on women: A Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:7443498. doi: 10.1155/2021/7443498.
Feng F, Tang HT, Ding, GA, et al. Qigong as a non pharmaceutical therapy for sleep disturbance. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative. 2024;7:100073. doi: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100073
Lin CY, Wei TT, Wang CC, et al. Acute physiological and psychological effects of Qigong exercise in older practitioners. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018:4960978. doi: 10.1155/2018/4960978
Jiménez-Martín PJ, Liu H. Exploring the health advantages and disadvantages of static and dynamic postures of Qigong and its use as a Traditional and Complementary Medicine. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2018;24:61-64. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.11.001
Guo Y, Xu M, Wei Z, et al. Beneficial effects of Qigong Wuqinxi in the ımprovement of health condition, prevention, and treatment of chronic diseases: Evidence from a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018:3235950. doi: 10.1155/2018/3235950
Zeng ZP, Liu YB, Fang J, et al. Effects of Baduanjin exercise for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;48:102279. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102279
Qin Y, Xia W, Huang W, et al. The beneficial effect of traditional Chinese exercises on the management of obesity. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020;2020:2321679. doi: 10.1155/2020/2321679
Babaoglu E, Yalcinturk AA, Gures EE, et al. The effect of Qigong exercise on state anxiety levels of inpatients in psychiatric wards: A randomized controlled study. Explore (NY). 2024;20(6):103064. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.103064
Jahnke R, Larkey L, Rogers C, Etnier J, Lin F. A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2010;24(6):e1-e25. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.081013-LIT-248
Dong X, Shi Z, Ding M, et al. The effects of Qigong for hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:5622631. doi: 10.1155/2021/5622631
Oh B, Bae K, Lamoury G, et al. The effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on ımmune responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicines (Basel). 2020;7(7):39. doi: 10.3390/medicines7070039
Zhang R, Fang, Z. The effects of Qigong on balance and fall prevention in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2024;3(3):Article 171. doi: 10.18122/ijpah.3.3.171.boisestate
Myers JS, Mitchell M, Krigel S, et al. Qigong intervention for breast cancer survivors with complaints of decreased cognitive function. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(4):1395-1403. doi: 10.1007/s00520-018-4430-8
Meng T, Hu SF, Cheng YQ, et al. Qigong for women with breast cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2021;60:102743. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102743
Wang Y, Xing R, Wang R, et al. Effect of Qigong exercise on quality of life and cortisol in patients with cancer: A non-randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2024;33(1):58. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-09098-7
National Center for Complementary and Integrative health (NIH). Qigong: What you need to know. 2022. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/qigong-what-you-need-to-know (Accessed 30th January 2025).
Klich W, Milert A. Tai chi and Qigong as a form of physical activity of people of all ages in the context of modern physiotherapy. Physical Activity Review. 2018;6:22–28. doi: 10.16926/par.2018.06.04
Sowada KM. Qigong: Benefits for survivors coping with cancer-related fatigue. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2019;23(5):465-469. doi: 10.1188/19.CJON.465-469
So WWY, Cai S, Yau SY et al. The neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms of Qigong as a treatment for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019;10:820. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00820
Zhang J, Su Q, Li SC. Qigong exercise balances oxygen supply and acid-base to modulate hypoxia: A perspective platform toward preemptive health & medicine. Medical Sciences. 2023;11(1):21. doi: 10.3390/medsci11010021
Pagnozzi LA, Butcher JT. Mechanotransduction mechanisms in mitral valve physiology and disease pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2017;4:83. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00083
Toneti BF, Barbosa RFM, Mano LY, et al. Benefits of Qigong as an integrative and complementary practice for health: A systematic review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3317. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.3718.3317
Turan N, Öztürk A, Kaya N. Hemşirelikte yeni bir sorumluluk alanı: tamamlayıcı terapi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2010;3(1):103-108.
Kaya Ş, Karakuş Z, Boz İ, et al. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de tamamlayıcı terapilere ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerde hemşirelerin yeri. JAREN. 2020;6(3):584-591. doi:10.5222/jaren.2020.58561
Watson MJ. New dimensions of human caring theory. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1988;1(4):175-81. doi: 10.1177/089431848800100411
Brown JT, Alligood MR. Health as expanding consciousness In: Alligood MR (ed.) Nursing theorists and their work. 8th ed. United States of America: Elsevier; 2014. p. 442-462.
Chang PS, Knobf MT, Oh B, et al. Physical and psychological effects of Qigong exercise in community-dwelling older adults: An exploratory study. Geriatric Nursing. 2018;39(1):88-94. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.07.004
Kaplan Serin E. Combating With COPD by QiGong physical and mental exercise. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2024;28(3):172-178. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000416
Krause-Parello CA, Park J, Newman D. Examining preliminary efficacy of a Qigong intervention in veterans with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled pilot study. Pain Management Nursing. 2024:S1524-9042(24)00275-3. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.013
Chou TW, Kuo CC, Chen KM, et al. Influence of Qigong Wuqinxi on pain, sleep, and tongue features in older adults. Journal of Nursing Research. 2024;32(6):e358. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000646
Chuang TY, Yeh ML, Chung YC. A nurse facilitated mind-body interactive exercise (Chan-Chuang qigong) improves the health status of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy: Randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2017;69:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.01.004
Lu Y, Qu HQ, Chen FY, et al. Effect of Baduanjin Qigong exercise on cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Oncology Research and Treatment. 2019;42(9):431-439. doi: 10.1159/000501127.
Chen CH, Hung KS, Chung YC, et al. Mind-body interactive qigong improves physical and mental aspects of quality of life in inpatients with stroke: A randomized control study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2019;18(8):658-666. doi: 10.1177/1474515119860232
Guan F, Ji Q. Effect of health Qigong on rehabilitation of stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative Nursing. 2023;5:15-20. doi:10.4103/jin.jin_67_22
Chang PS, Lu Y, Nguyen CM, et al. Effects of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health among African Americans. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2021;43(6):551-562. doi: 10.1177/0193945920959067
Seiça A, Gonçalves M, Magalhães-Leite J, et al. Qigong for the emotional exhaustion in nurses: Implications of a prospective randomized controlled trial in the COVID-19 pandemic. Alternative Therapies, Health and Medicine. 2023;29(4):128-133. PMID: 35951067
Kim S, Ko YH, Song Y, et al. Development of an exercise adherence program for breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue-an intervention mapping approach. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(12):4745-4752. doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-04785-2
Yang A, Sokolof J, Gulati A. The effect of preoperative exercise on upper extremity recovery following breast cancer surgery: a systematic review. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2018;41(3):189-196. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000288
Ospiuk K, Ligibel J, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Qigong mind-body exercise as a biopsychosocial therapy for persistent post-surgical pain in breast cancer: A pilot study. Integrative Cancer Therapies (ICT). 2020;19:1534735419893766. doi: 10.1177/1534735419893766
Low SLK, Cheema BS, Tan HY, et al. The feasibility and effects of Qigong ıntervention (mind-body exercise) in cancer patients with ınsomnia: A pilot qualitative study. Integrative Cancer Therapies (ICT). 2020;19:1534735420977671. doi: 10.1177/1534735420977671
Xu J, Li X, Zeng J, et al. Effect of Baduanjin qigong on postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2023;32(1):73. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08194-4
Welch HG, Prorok PC, O'Malley AJ, et al. Breast-cancer tumor size, overdiagnosis, and mammography screening effectiveness. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375(15):1438-1447. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600249
Li C, Dong X, Yu L, et al. The effects of qigong intervention based on the Internet on quality of life and physical fitness in Chinese postoperative breast cancer patients: a protocol of randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2023;24(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07187-2
Quist M, Sommer MS, Vibe-Petersen J, et al. Early initiated postoperative rehabilitation reduces fatigue in patients with operable lung cancer: A randomized trial. Lung Cancer. 2018;126:125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.10.025
Yang Y, Chen K, Tang W, et al. Influence of Baduanjin on lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(37):e22134. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022134
Wu D, Li J, Dong H, et al. The effect of Baduanjin on postoperative activity tolerance, lung function and negative emotions in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2025;33(7):631. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09690-5.
Ye XX, Ren ZY, Vafaei S, et al. Effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise on quality of life and psychological health in postoperative patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2022;21:15347354221104092. doi: 10.1177/15347354221104092.
Galiano-Castillo N, Arroyo-Morales M, Ariza-Garcia A, et al. Factors that explain the cancer-related insomnia. The Breast Journal. 2017;23:387-394. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12759
Matthews E, Carter P, Page M, et al. Sleep-wake disturbance: a systematic review of evidence-based interventions for management in patients with cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing (CJON). 2018;22:37-52. doi: 10.1188/18.Cjon.37-52
Ramos Dos Santos PM, Aquaroni Ricci N, Aparecida Bordignon Suster É, et al. Effects of early mobilisation in patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2017;103(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.08.003
Zhang QL, Ge M, Chen C, et al. Comparison of effects of Liuzijue exercise and conventional respiratory training on patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2023;29(7):579-589. doi: 10.1007/s11655-023-3637-9
Sato M, Mutai H, Yamamoto S, et al. Decreased activities of daily living at discharge predict mortality and readmission in elderly patients after cardiac and aortic surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(31):e26819. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026819
Açıkel MET. Evaluation of depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: A prospective clinical study. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;34(4):389-395. doi: 10.21470/1678-9741-2018-0426
Rodrigues SN, Henriques HR, Henriques MA. Effectiveness of preoperative breathing exercise interventions in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition). 2021;40(3):229-244. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.08.013
Yu Z, Xie G, Qin C, et al. Effect of postoperative exercise training on physical function and quality of life of lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103(10):e37285. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037285
Qi A, He Y, Gu Y, et al. Chinese herbal medicine combined with Liuzijue exercise in physiological rehabilitation after video-assisted lung lobectomy for cancer: A prospective propensity score matching study. Integrative Cancer Therapies (ICT). 2024;23:15347354241261977. doi: 10.1177/15347354241261977
Kerkez M, Okuyan CB, Erci B. Health effects of Tai Chi Qigong practices and its reflections on nursing practices: Systematic review. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2024;38(5):267-272. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000658
Danilov A, Frishman WH. Complementary therapies: Tai Chi in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Cardiology in Review. 2025;33(1):54-57. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000578
Mahalakshmi AL, Shaji JCH. Tai Chi and its Impact on Health. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 2024;19(3):402-405. doi: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_109_24
Huston P, McFarlane B. Health benefits of tai chi: What is the evidence? Canadian Family Physician. 2016;62(11):881-890.
Yeung A, Chan JSM, Cheung JC, et al. Qigong and Tai-Chi for mood regulation. Focus (American Psychiatric Association Publishing). 2018;16(1):40-47. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170042
Li H, Chen J, Xu G, et al. The effect of Tai Chi for improving sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;274:1102-1112. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.076
Yang FC, Desai AB, Esfahani P, et al. Effectiveness of Tai Chi for health promotion of older adults: A scoping review of meta-analyses. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;16(6):700-716. doi: 10.1177/15598276211001291
Yıldırım P. Tai Chi egzersizinin etkileri ve klinik uygulamaları. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2014;60 (Özel Sayı 2):S36-S42.
Huang J, Wang D, Wang J. Clinical evidence of Tai Chi exercise prescriptions: A systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:5558805. doi: 10.1155/2021/5558805
Wayne PM, Berkowitz DL, Litrownik DE, et al. What do we really know about the safety of tai chi?: A systematic review of adverse event reports in randomized trials. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014;95(12):2470-83. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.005
Du Y, Wei GX, He Y, et al. Current evidence of the application of music in Tai Chi exercise: Scoping review. Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal. 2024;8:e60104. doi: 10.2196/60104.
Gao D, Su Y, Zhang X, et al. The application of virtual reality meditation and mind-body exercises among older adults. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024;15:1303880. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1303880
Lan C, Wolf SL, Tsang WW. Tai chi exercise in medicine and health promotion. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013:298768. doi: 10.1155/2013/298768
Yao Y, Ge L, Yu Q, et al. The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on emotional health: Potential mechanisms and prefrontal cortex hypothesis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021:5549006. doi: 10.1155/2021/5549006
Fan X, Soh KG, Mun CY, et al. Effects of different types of Tai Chi intervention on motor function in older adults: A systematic review. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2025;37(1):32. doi: 10.1007/s40520-024-02894-5
Lu T, Denehy L, Cao Y, et al. A 12-week multi-modal exercise program: Feasibility of combined exercise and simplified 8-style Tai Chi following lung cancer surgery. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2020;19:1534735420952887. doi: 10.1177/1534735420952887
McGee RW. Tai Chi, Qigong and the treatment of breast cancer. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research; 2024;54(3):46024-46027. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102743
Healer Within Foundation. Tai Chi Easy™. Available from: https://www.healerwithinfoundation.org/taichieasy (Accessed: 4th February 2025).
Yang M, Shao C, Shao C, et al. Tai Chi for balance and postural control in people with peripheral neuropathy: A scoping review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2024;86:103089. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103089
Kong L, Ren J, Fang S, et al. Traditional Chinese exercises on pain and disability in middle-aged and elderly patients with neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022;14:912945. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.912945
Li L, Cheng S, Wang G, et al. Tai chi chuan exercises improve functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with primary total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2019;35:121-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.02.003
Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care & Research (Hoboken). 2020;72(2):149-162. doi: 10.1002/acr.24131
Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(11):1578-1589. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.011
Xu F, Soh KG, Chan YM, et al. Effects of tai chi on postural balance and quality of life among the elderly with gait disorders: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2023;18(9):e0287035. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287035
Qin J, Zhang Y, Wu L, et al. Effect of Tai Chi alone or as additional therapy on low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(37):e17099. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017099
Niu S, Zhang T, Li W, et al. Positive effect of deep diaphragmatic breathing training on gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: a clinical randomized controlled study. Respiratory Research. 2024;25(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02783-5
Cui J, Hao Z, Tian H, et al. The effects of Tai Chi on standing balance control in older adults may be attributed to the improvement of sensory reweighting and complexity rather than reduced sway velocity or amplitude. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2024;16:1330063. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1330063
Leistner C, Menke A. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2020;175:55-64. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00004-7
Luo XC, Liu J, Fu J, et al. Effect of Tai Chi Chuan in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Oncology. 2020;10:607. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00607.
Abdullahi A, Wong TW, Ng SS. Efficacy of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory, cognitive, and motor function outcomes in patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology. 2024;14:1233408. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1233408
Yau KK, Loke AY. Effects of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on prehypertensive or hypertensive adults: A literature review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2021;43:101315. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101315
Siu PM, Yu AP, Tam BT, et al. Effects of Tai Chi or exercise on sleep in older adults with insomnia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(2):e2037199. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37199
Awaludin S, Nurachmah E, Novitasari, D. Exercise therapy for patient undergoing cardiac surgery. Jurnal Smart Keperawatan. 2022;9(1):8-17. doi: 10.34310/jskp.v9i1.613
Nardi P, Pellegrino A, Pisano C, et al. The effect of preoperative respiratory physiotherapy and motor exercise in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: short-term results. Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;16(2):81-87. doi: 10.5114/kitp.2019.86360
Nery RM, Zanini M, de Lima JB, et al. Tai Chi Chuan improves functional capacity after myocardial infarction: A randomized clinical trial. American Heart Journal. 2015;169(6):854-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.01.017
Yang YL, Wang YH, Wang SR, et al. The effect of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory fitness for coronary disease rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018;8:1091. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01091
Song F, Zhan H, Liang Y, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation improved oxygen uptake measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients after aortic valve surgery. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2019;20(1):47-52. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm.2019.01.3183
Runowicz CD, Leach CR, Henry NL, et al. American Cancer Society/American Society of clinical oncology breast cancer survivorship care guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2016;34(6):611-35. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.3809
Saraswathi V, Latha S, Niraimathi K, et al. Managing lymphedema, increasing range of motion, and quality of life through yoga therapy among breast cancer survivors: A systematic review. International Journal of Yoga. 2021;14(1):3-17. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_73_19
Yang L, Winters-Stone K, Rana B, et al. Tai Chi for cancer survivors: A systematic review toward consensus-based guidelines. Cancer Medicine. 2021;10(21):7447-7456. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4273
Zhang LL, Wang SZ, Chen HL, et al. Tai Chi exercise for cancer-related fatigue in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2016;51(3):504-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.020
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, et al. Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: A systematic review for an American College of physicians clinical practice guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2017;166(7):493-505. doi: 10.7326/M16-2459
Li Y, Yan L, Hou L, et al. Exercise intervention for patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023;11:1155225. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155225
