Hayvan Terapisinin Cerrahi Bakımda Kullanımı
Özet
Cerrahi girişimler öncesi ve sonrasında hastaların yoğun stres ve ağrı deneyimlediği perioperatif dönem, iyileşme sürecini doğrudan etkileyen kritik bir zaman dilimidir. Bu dönemde uygulanan hayvan destekli terapi, eğitimli hayvanların hastaların bakım sürecine kontrollü şekilde dahil edilmesiyle gerçekleştirilen geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı bir tıp uygulamasıdır. Hayvan destekli terapi kapsamında en sık kullanılan hayvanlar köpekler olmakla birlikte, kediler, atlar ve diğer uygun evcil hayvanlar da tercih edilebilir. Bu terapi, sağlık bakım profesyonelleri ve eğitimli terapistler eşliğinde hastalarla etkileşim halinde gerçekleştirilir. Hayvanların koşulsuz sevgi ve dikkat sunması, duygusal destek sağlaması ile hastalarda psikolojik ve fizyolojik iyileşmenin teşvik edildiği düşünülmektedir. Literatürde, hayvan destekli terapinin perioperatif dönemdeki hastalarda fizyolojik ve psikolojik parametreler, ağrı, analjezik ihtiyacı, iyilik hali ve memnuniyet üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğu belirtilmektedir.
The perioperative period, in which patients experience intense stress and pain before and after surgical interventions, is a critical time period that directly affects the healing process. Animal-assisted therapy applied in this period is a complementary intervention performed by the controlled inclusion of trained animals in the care process of patients. The most commonly used animals in animal-assisted therapy are dogs, although cats, horses, and other suitable pets may also be used. This therapy is conducted with patients interacting with the animals under the guidance of healthcare professionals and trained therapists. Animals are thought to promote psychological and physiological healing in patients by providing unconditional love and attention, and emotional support. In the literature, it is reported that animal-assisted therapy has positive effects on physiological and psychological parameters, pain, analgesic needs, well-being, and satisfaction in perioperative patients.
Referanslar
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation. Animal assisted interventions- a brief guide. Available from: https://icisf.org/animal-assisted-interventions-a-brief-guide/ (Accessed 5th February 2025)
Halm AM. The healing power of the human-animal connection. American Journal of Critical Care. 2008;17(4): 373-376. doi:10.4037/ajcc2008.17.4.373
Morrison ML. Health benefits of animal-assisted interventions. Complementary Health Practice Review. 2007;12(1): 51-62. doi:10.1177/1533210107302397
Levinson BM. The dog as a “Co-therapist”. Mental Hygiene. 1962: 46: 59–65.
Therapy Dogs International. About therapy dogs international. Available from: https://www.tdi-dog.org/About.aspx?Page= %20Mission+Statement+and+%20History (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Pet Partners. Pet partners history. Available from: https://petpartners.org/about/history/# (Accessed 15th February 2025)
Friedmann E, Thomas SA. Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). The American Journal of Cardiology. 1995;76(17): 1213–1217. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80343-9
Friedmann E, Honori Katcher A, Lynch JJ, et al. Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Reports. 1980;95(4): 307–312.
Levine GN, Allen K, Braun LT, et al. Pet ownership and cardiovascular risk: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127(23): 2353–2363. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829201e1
Villarreal-Zegarra D, Yllescas-Panta T, Malaquias-Obregon S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy and pet-robot interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2024;80: 103023. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103023
Uluslararası İnsan-Hayvan İlişkileri Kuruluşları Birliği-International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations. IAHAIO’nun hayvan destekli müdahale için belirlediği tanımlar ve hayvan destekli müdahalede yer alan hayvanların sağlığı için belirlediği ilkeler 2014-2018. (10/02/2025 tarihinde https://iahaio.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/iahaio-white-pape-2020rev2018-turkish.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
American Veterinary Medical Association. Animal-assisted interventions: Definitions. Available from: https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/animalassisted-interventions-definitions (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Animal assisted therapy in counselling chapter suggested guidelines for practice 2024. Available from: https://www.ccpa-accp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CCPA-AAT-C-Guidelines-for-Practice-English.pdf (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Bona E. Animal assisted interventions (AAI) 2020. Available from: https://www.ccpa-accp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ Spring-2020-Article-1-GUIDELINES-2.pdf (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Çakıcı A, Kök M. Hayvan destekli tedavi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12(1): 117–130. doi: 10.18863/pgy.526378
Nelson L, Lasiter S, Emerson A. Companion dogs and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder in adult ICU survivors: A Scoping review. People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice. 2024;7(1):14.
López-Fernández E, Palacios-Cuesta A, Rodríguez-Martínez A, et al. Implementation feasibility of animal-assisted therapy in a pediatric intensive care unit: Effectiveness on reduction of pain, fear, and anxiety. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2024;183(2): 843–851. doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05284-7
Villarreal-Zegarra D, Yllescas- Panta T, Malaquias-Obregon S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy and pet-robot interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2024;80: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103023
Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, et al. Effects of therapeutic horseback-riding program on social and communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(21): 14449. doi:10.3390/ijerph192114449
Dincer B, Bahçecik N, Sollami A. Effect of animal assistant therapy on quality of life in older adults: A meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing. 2022;43: 38–44. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.005
Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang M, et al. Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Research. 2022;314: 114619. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114619
Batubara SO, Tonapa SI, Saragih ID, et al. Effects of animal-assisted interventions for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing. 2022;43: 26–37. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.10.016
Yu S, Xue H, Xie Y, et al. Animal-assisted intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2025;30(1): 34–52. doi:10.1111/camh.12744.
Ginex P, Montefusco M, Zecco G, et al. Animal-facilitated therapy program: Outcomes from caring canines, a program for patients and staff on an inpatient surgical oncology unit. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;22(2): 193–198. doi:10.1188/18.CJON.193-198.
Diniz Pinto K, Vieira de Souza CT, Benamor Teixeira M de L, et al. Animal assisted intervention for oncology and palliative care patients: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2021;43: 101347. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101347
Zhang Y, Yan F, Li S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy on pain in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2020;8(1): 30-37. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.12.009
Dell C, Kosteniuk B, Doi C, et al. The role of the human-canine bond in recovery from substance use disorder: A scoping review and narrative synthesis. Human-Animal Interactions. 2024;12: 1 doi:10.1079/hai.2024.0038
Machová K, Juríčková V, Kasparová A, et al. An evaluation of the effect of equine-facilitated psychotherapy on patients with substance use disorders. PLoS One. 2023;18(6): e0286867. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286867
Yavuz van Giersbergen M. Ameliyat öncesi hazırlık ve bakım. Yavuz Van Giersbergen M (ed) Cerrahi hemşireliği içinde. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2023. p. 88–102.
Preeze J. Perioperative Nursing. Honan L (ed) In: Focus on adult health medical surgical nursing. China: Wolters Kluwer; 2019. p. 332–430.
Lundqvist M, Carlsson P, Sjödahl R, et al. Patient benefit of dog-assisted interventions in health care: A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;17(1): 358 doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1844-7
Calcaterra V, Veggiotti P, Palestrini C, et al. Post-operative benefits of animal-assisted therapy in pediatric surgery: A randomised study. PLoS One. 2015;10(6): e0125813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125813
Jennings M Lou, Granger DA, Bryce CI, et al. Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2021;8: 100076. doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100076.
Teo JT, Johnstone SJ, Römer SS, et al. Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the potential health benefits of human-dog interactions: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2022;180: 27–48. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.007
Chu B, Marwaha K, Sanvictores T, et al. Physiology, stress reaction. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2025.
Uvnäs-Moberg K, Handlin L, Petersson M. Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015;5: 1529. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01529
Santaniello A, Perruolo G, Amato A, et al. Animal assisted activities (AAAS) with the dogs in a dialysis center in southern Italy: Evaluation of serotonin and oxytocin values in involved patients. 2025;13(12): 2944. doi:10.3390/biomedicines13122944
Brandão C, Sampaio M, Sousa-Gomes V, et al. Effects of animal-assisted therapy for anxiety reduction in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025;14(1): 287. doi:10.3390/jcm14010287.
Jennings ML, Granger DA, Bryce CI, et al. Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;8: 100076. doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100076.
Ein N, Li L, Vickers K. The effect of pet therapy on the physiological and subjective stress response: A meta-analysis. Stress and Health. 2018;34(4): 477–489. doi:10.1002/smi.2812.
National institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE). Perioperative care in adults. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng180 (Accessed 19th February 2025).
Harper CM, Dong Y, Thornhill TS, et al. Can therapy dogs improve pain and satisfaction after total joint arthroplasty? A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2015;473(1): 372–379. doi:10.1007/s11999-014-3931-0
Havey J, Vlasses FR, Vlasses PH, et al. The effect of animal-assisted therapy on pain medication use after joint replacement. Anthrozoos. 2014;27(3): 361–369. doi:10.2752/175303714X13903827487962
Zhang Y, Yan F, Li S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy on pain in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021;8(1): 30–37. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.12.009
Stensland ML, McGeary DD. Use of animal-assisted interventions in relieving pain in healthcare settings: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2022;46: 10519. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101519
Foerder P, Royer M. The effect of therapy dogs on preoperative anxiety. Anthrozoos. 2021;34(5): 659–670. doi:10.1080/08927936.2021.1914440
Pandey RP, Himanshu, Gunjan, Mukherjee R, et al. The role of animal-assisted therapy in enhancing patients' well-being: Systematic study of the qualitative and quantitative evidence. JMIRx med. 2024;5: e51787–e51787. doi:10.2196/51787
Referanslar
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation. Animal assisted interventions- a brief guide. Available from: https://icisf.org/animal-assisted-interventions-a-brief-guide/ (Accessed 5th February 2025)
Halm AM. The healing power of the human-animal connection. American Journal of Critical Care. 2008;17(4): 373-376. doi:10.4037/ajcc2008.17.4.373
Morrison ML. Health benefits of animal-assisted interventions. Complementary Health Practice Review. 2007;12(1): 51-62. doi:10.1177/1533210107302397
Levinson BM. The dog as a “Co-therapist”. Mental Hygiene. 1962: 46: 59–65.
Therapy Dogs International. About therapy dogs international. Available from: https://www.tdi-dog.org/About.aspx?Page= %20Mission+Statement+and+%20History (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Pet Partners. Pet partners history. Available from: https://petpartners.org/about/history/# (Accessed 15th February 2025)
Friedmann E, Thomas SA. Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). The American Journal of Cardiology. 1995;76(17): 1213–1217. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80343-9
Friedmann E, Honori Katcher A, Lynch JJ, et al. Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Reports. 1980;95(4): 307–312.
Levine GN, Allen K, Braun LT, et al. Pet ownership and cardiovascular risk: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127(23): 2353–2363. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829201e1
Villarreal-Zegarra D, Yllescas-Panta T, Malaquias-Obregon S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy and pet-robot interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2024;80: 103023. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103023
Uluslararası İnsan-Hayvan İlişkileri Kuruluşları Birliği-International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations. IAHAIO’nun hayvan destekli müdahale için belirlediği tanımlar ve hayvan destekli müdahalede yer alan hayvanların sağlığı için belirlediği ilkeler 2014-2018. (10/02/2025 tarihinde https://iahaio.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/iahaio-white-pape-2020rev2018-turkish.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
American Veterinary Medical Association. Animal-assisted interventions: Definitions. Available from: https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/animalassisted-interventions-definitions (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Animal assisted therapy in counselling chapter suggested guidelines for practice 2024. Available from: https://www.ccpa-accp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/CCPA-AAT-C-Guidelines-for-Practice-English.pdf (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Bona E. Animal assisted interventions (AAI) 2020. Available from: https://www.ccpa-accp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ Spring-2020-Article-1-GUIDELINES-2.pdf (Accessed 15th February 2025).
Çakıcı A, Kök M. Hayvan destekli tedavi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12(1): 117–130. doi: 10.18863/pgy.526378
Nelson L, Lasiter S, Emerson A. Companion dogs and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder in adult ICU survivors: A Scoping review. People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice. 2024;7(1):14.
López-Fernández E, Palacios-Cuesta A, Rodríguez-Martínez A, et al. Implementation feasibility of animal-assisted therapy in a pediatric intensive care unit: Effectiveness on reduction of pain, fear, and anxiety. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2024;183(2): 843–851. doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05284-7
Villarreal-Zegarra D, Yllescas- Panta T, Malaquias-Obregon S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy and pet-robot interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2024;80: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103023
Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, et al. Effects of therapeutic horseback-riding program on social and communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(21): 14449. doi:10.3390/ijerph192114449
Dincer B, Bahçecik N, Sollami A. Effect of animal assistant therapy on quality of life in older adults: A meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing. 2022;43: 38–44. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.005
Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang M, et al. Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Research. 2022;314: 114619. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114619
Batubara SO, Tonapa SI, Saragih ID, et al. Effects of animal-assisted interventions for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing. 2022;43: 26–37. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.10.016
Yu S, Xue H, Xie Y, et al. Animal-assisted intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2025;30(1): 34–52. doi:10.1111/camh.12744.
Ginex P, Montefusco M, Zecco G, et al. Animal-facilitated therapy program: Outcomes from caring canines, a program for patients and staff on an inpatient surgical oncology unit. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;22(2): 193–198. doi:10.1188/18.CJON.193-198.
Diniz Pinto K, Vieira de Souza CT, Benamor Teixeira M de L, et al. Animal assisted intervention for oncology and palliative care patients: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2021;43: 101347. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101347
Zhang Y, Yan F, Li S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy on pain in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2020;8(1): 30-37. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.12.009
Dell C, Kosteniuk B, Doi C, et al. The role of the human-canine bond in recovery from substance use disorder: A scoping review and narrative synthesis. Human-Animal Interactions. 2024;12: 1 doi:10.1079/hai.2024.0038
Machová K, Juríčková V, Kasparová A, et al. An evaluation of the effect of equine-facilitated psychotherapy on patients with substance use disorders. PLoS One. 2023;18(6): e0286867. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286867
Yavuz van Giersbergen M. Ameliyat öncesi hazırlık ve bakım. Yavuz Van Giersbergen M (ed) Cerrahi hemşireliği içinde. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2023. p. 88–102.
Preeze J. Perioperative Nursing. Honan L (ed) In: Focus on adult health medical surgical nursing. China: Wolters Kluwer; 2019. p. 332–430.
Lundqvist M, Carlsson P, Sjödahl R, et al. Patient benefit of dog-assisted interventions in health care: A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;17(1): 358 doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1844-7
Calcaterra V, Veggiotti P, Palestrini C, et al. Post-operative benefits of animal-assisted therapy in pediatric surgery: A randomised study. PLoS One. 2015;10(6): e0125813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125813
Jennings M Lou, Granger DA, Bryce CI, et al. Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2021;8: 100076. doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100076.
Teo JT, Johnstone SJ, Römer SS, et al. Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the potential health benefits of human-dog interactions: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2022;180: 27–48. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.007
Chu B, Marwaha K, Sanvictores T, et al. Physiology, stress reaction. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2025.
Uvnäs-Moberg K, Handlin L, Petersson M. Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015;5: 1529. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01529
Santaniello A, Perruolo G, Amato A, et al. Animal assisted activities (AAAS) with the dogs in a dialysis center in southern Italy: Evaluation of serotonin and oxytocin values in involved patients. 2025;13(12): 2944. doi:10.3390/biomedicines13122944
Brandão C, Sampaio M, Sousa-Gomes V, et al. Effects of animal-assisted therapy for anxiety reduction in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025;14(1): 287. doi:10.3390/jcm14010287.
Jennings ML, Granger DA, Bryce CI, et al. Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;8: 100076. doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100076.
Ein N, Li L, Vickers K. The effect of pet therapy on the physiological and subjective stress response: A meta-analysis. Stress and Health. 2018;34(4): 477–489. doi:10.1002/smi.2812.
National institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE). Perioperative care in adults. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng180 (Accessed 19th February 2025).
Harper CM, Dong Y, Thornhill TS, et al. Can therapy dogs improve pain and satisfaction after total joint arthroplasty? A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2015;473(1): 372–379. doi:10.1007/s11999-014-3931-0
Havey J, Vlasses FR, Vlasses PH, et al. The effect of animal-assisted therapy on pain medication use after joint replacement. Anthrozoos. 2014;27(3): 361–369. doi:10.2752/175303714X13903827487962
Zhang Y, Yan F, Li S, et al. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy on pain in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021;8(1): 30–37. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.12.009
Stensland ML, McGeary DD. Use of animal-assisted interventions in relieving pain in healthcare settings: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2022;46: 10519. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101519
Foerder P, Royer M. The effect of therapy dogs on preoperative anxiety. Anthrozoos. 2021;34(5): 659–670. doi:10.1080/08927936.2021.1914440
Pandey RP, Himanshu, Gunjan, Mukherjee R, et al. The role of animal-assisted therapy in enhancing patients' well-being: Systematic study of the qualitative and quantitative evidence. JMIRx med. 2024;5: e51787–e51787. doi:10.2196/51787
