Hipnozun Cerrahi Bakımda Kullanımı
Özet
Hipnoz, bireyin bilinç durumunu değiştirerek dikkati içsel deneyimlere yönlendirdiği ve dış uyaranlara karşı duyarlılığın azaldığı bir zihinsel durumdur. Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarından biri olan hipnoz, hasta bireyin ameliyat öncesi kaygısını azaltma, ağrı algısını yönetme ve iyileşme sürecini destekleme amacıyla uygulanan bir terapidir. Cerrahi bakımın çeşitli aşamalarında, hipnozun anksiyete yönetimi, ameliyat sonrası bulantı ve kusmanın azaltılması, bağışıklık sisteminin güçlendirilmesi ve hormon dengesinin korunması gibi olumlu etkileri dikkat çekmektedir. Hipnozun, cerrahi hemşireliği uygulamalarında hastanın fizyolojik ve psikolojik tepkilerini olumlu yönde etkileyerek ağrı yönetimini kolaylaştırdığı, sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitesini azalttığı ve ameliyat sonrası memnuniyeti artırdığı görülmektedir. Hipnotik telkinler, hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası bakım deneyimlerini iyileştirmekte olup, cerrahi bakımda güvenli ve etkili bir tamamlayıcı yöntem olma potansiyeline sahiptir.
Hypnosis is a mental state in which an individual shifts their consciousness, directing attention inward while reducing sensitivity to external stimuli. Hypnosis, one of the traditional and complementary medical practices, is a therapy applied to reduce the patient's preoperative anxiety, manage pain perception, and support the recovery process. Throughout different stages of perioperative care, hypnosis demonstrates positive effects, including anxiety management, reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting, strengthening of immune responses, and maintenance of hormonal balance. Hypnosis positively influences patients' physiological and psychological responses during surgery, facilitating pain management, reducing sympathetic nervous system activity, and improving postoperative satisfaction. Hypnotic suggestions have the potential to improve patients' preoperative and postoperative care experiences and may serve as a safe and effective complementary method in surgical care.
Referanslar
Öztürk AÖ, Öztürk G. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamaları. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research. 2019;3(Özel Sayı): 119-130. doi:10.34084/bshr.554710
Battino R. Using guided imagery and hypnosis in brief therapy and palliative care. New York (NY): Routledge; 2021. p.64-66
Linden JH, De Benedittis G, et al. The Routledge international handbook of clinical hypnosis. 1st ed. New York (NY): Routledge; 2024.
Lindquist R, Tracy MF, Snyder M. Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing. 9th ed. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Company; 2022
Awaludin S, Nurachmah E, Soetisna TW, et al. The effect of a smartphone-based perioperative nursing intervention: Prayer, education, exercise therapy, hypnosis, and music toward pain, anxiety, and early mobilization on cardiac surgery. Journal of Public Health Research. 2021;11(2):2742. doi:10.4081/jphr.2021.2742
Robertson DJ. The practice of cognitive-behavioural hypnotherapy: A manual for evidence-based clinical hypnosis. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2013. p.220-225. doi:10.4324/9780429482793
Rousseaux F, Bicego A, Ledoux D, et al. Hypnosis associated with 3D immersive virtual reality technology in the management of pain: A review of the literature. Journal of Pain Research. 2020;13:1129-1138. doi:10.2147/JPR.S231737
National Guild of Hypnotists. About us. Available from: https://ngh.net/about-us/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. About ASCH. Available from: https://asch.net/about-asch/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. What is hypnosis? Available from: https://www.sceh.us/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Society of Psychological Hypnosis (APA Division 30). About the society of psychological hypnosis. Available from: https://www.apadivisions.org/division-30/about/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
American Board of Hypnotherapy and Neuro-Linguistic Programming. About ABH-ABNLP. Available from https://abh-abnlp.com/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Milton H. Erickson Foundation. About the foundation. Available from: https://www.erickson-foundation.org/about/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
European Society of Hypnosis. About ESH. Available from: https://esh-hypnosis.eu/about/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Japanese Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Available from: https://www.hypnosis.jp/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Chinese Hypnosis Association. Available from: https://cha.org.tw/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hipnoz Uygulama Kılavuzu. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2025. https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/Ek_Hipnoz%20Uygulama%20K%C4%B1lavuzu.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Tıbbi Hipnoz Derneği. Tıbbi Hipnoz Derneği eğitim faaliyetleri. 26 Aralık 2018. (20/01/2026 tarihinde http://tibbihipnozdernegi.org.tr/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
European Society of Hypnosis. ESH constituent societies. 2019. Available from: https://esh-hypnosis.eu/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hipnoz sertifikalı eğitim programı standardı. 2024. (20/01/2026 tarihinde https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/48131/0/hipnoz-sertifikali-egitim-programi-standardipdf.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
American Nurses Association, American Holistic Nurses Association. Holistic nursing: Scope and standards of practice. 3rd ed. American Nurses Association; Silver Spring (MD); 2019. p. 60-62
Stolz R, Klocke C, Mahler C, et al. Integrative nursing interventions: Knowledge, attitudes and practice in home nursing services in Germany-a quantitative and qualitative online survey. Frontiers in Medicine. 2024;11:1438035. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1438035
Palsson OS, Kekecs Z, De Benedittis G, et al. Current practices, experiences, and views in clinical hypnosis: Findings of an international survey. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2023;71(2):92-114. doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2183862
Yapko MD, Criswell SR. Trancework: An ıntroduction to the practice of clinical hypnosis. 6th ed. New York (NY): Routledge; 2025. p. 269-301.
Portel L, Perel A, Masson L, et al. Tolerance’s improvement of flexible bronchoscopy by Ericksonian hypnosis: The BREATH study. Respiratory Medicine and Research. 2022;81:100798. doi:10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100798
Azam MA, Weinrib AZ, Slepian PM, et al. Effects of perioperative clinical hypnosis on heart rate variability in patients undergoing oncologic surgery: Secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Pain Research. 2024;5:1354015. doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1354015
Lang EV, Jackson W, Senn P, et al. Efficacy of a self-hypnotic relaxation app on pain and anxiety in a randomized clinical trial: Results and considerations on the design of active and control apps. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2021;69(2):277-295. doi:10.1080/00207144.2021.1883988
ClinicalTrials.gov. Pilot study evaluating the feasibility and effects of an innovative automated hypnosis intervention for smoking cessation and pain and stress reduction (NCT03931772). 2019. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03931772 (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Hasan SS, Vasant D. The emerging new reality of hypnosis teletherapy: A major new mode of delivery of hypnotherapy and clinical hypnosis training. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2023;71(2):153-164. doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2185527
Özsunar Y, Kayhan H, İnce LU. Hipnoza multidisipliner yaklaşım: Psikiyatrik temeli, nörogörüntüleme ve genetik bulgular. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2024;16(3):451-465. doi:10.18863/pgy.1321465
Faerman A, Spiegel D. Shared cognitive mechanisms of hypnotizability with executive functioning and information salience. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):5704. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84954-8
Desmarteaux C, Streff A, Chen JI, et al. Brain responses to hypnotic verbal suggestions predict pain modulation. Frontiers in Pain Research. 2021;2:757384. doi:10.3389/fpain.2021.757384.
De Pascalis V. Brain functional correlates of resting hypnosis and hypnotizability: A review. Brain Sciences. 2024;14(2):115. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14020115
Rosenbloom BN, Slepian PM, Azam MA, et al. A randomized controlled trial of clinical hypnosis as an opioid-sparing adjunct treatment for pain relief in adults undergoing major oncologic surgery. Journal of Pain Research. 2024;17:45-59. doi:10.2147/JPR.S424639
Ozgunay SE, Ozmen S, Karasu D, et al. The effect of hypnosis on intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative pain in rhinoplasty. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2019;67(3):262-277. doi:10.1080/00207144.2019.1612670
Phillips BC. Hypnosis in the clinical setting. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. 2020;32(5):351-353. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000422
Holler M, Koranyi S, Strauss B, et al. Efficacy of hypnosis in adults undergoing surgical procedures: A meta-analytic update. Clinical Psychology Review. 2021;85:102001. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102001
Dziadzko M, Mazard T, Bonhomme M, et al. Preoperative anxiety in the surgical transfer and waiting area: A cross-sectional mixed method study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;11(9):2668. doi:10.3390/jcm11092668
Siciliano RE, Anderson AS, Compas BE. Autonomic nervous system correlates of posttraumatic stress symptoms in youth: meta-analysis and qualitative review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2022;92:102125. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102125
Carella M, Beck F, Quoilin C, et al. Effect of virtual reality hypnosis on intraoperative sedation needs and functional recovery in knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. 2025;50(5):383-389. doi:10.1136/rapm-2023-105261
Lahoud MJ, Gurary ST, Elia N. Hypnosis for anaesthetists: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Anaesthesia. 2026;81(1):103-115. doi:10.1111/anae.70013
Beutler S, Mertens YL, Ladner L, et al. Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2022;13(2):2132599. doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2132599
Slater P, Van-Manen A, Cyna AM. Clinical hypnosis and the anaesthetist: A practical approach. BJA Education. 2024;24(4):121-128. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2024.01.005
Carli G, Farabollini F. Pain control in tonic immobility (TI) and other immobility models. Progress in Brain Research. 2022;271(1):253-303. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.011
Alipour N, Jalali A, Jalali R, et al. Clients’ experiences in their first entry to the operating room: A descriptive phenomenological study. Perioperative Medicine (Lond). 2025;14(1):11. doi:10.1186/s13741-025-00494-z
Hennig CW. Effects of simulated predation on tonic immobility in Anolis carolinensis: The role of eye contact. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 1977;9(4):239-242. doi:10.3758/BF03336987
Woodruff ML. Tonic immobility and phenomenal consciousness in animals: A review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2025;16:1509999. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1509999
Luft CDB, Zioga I, Giannopoulos A, et al. Social synchronization of brain activity increases during eye-contact. Communications Biology. 2022;5(1):412. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03352-6
Wohltjen S, Wheatley T. Eye contact marks the rise and fall of shared attention in conversation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2021;118(37):e2106645118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2106645118
Nowak H, Wolf A, Rahmel T, et al. Therapeutic suggestions during general anesthesia reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:898326. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.898326
Enqvist B, Björklund C, Engman M, et al. Preoperative hypnosis reduces postoperative vomiting after surgery of the breasts: A prospective, randomized and blinded study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1997;41(8):1028-1032. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04831.x
De Benedittis G, Cigada M, Bianchi A, et al. Autonomic changes during hypnosis: a heart rate variability power spectrum analysis as a marker of sympatho-vagal balance. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1994;42(2):140-152. doi:10.1080/00207149408409347
D’Andre S, Fuehrer DL. Relax - It’s evidence-based: The role of hypnosis in managing post-operative symptoms. Gynecologic Oncology. 2025;198:A1-A3. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.06.019
Häuser W. Gut-directed hypnosis and hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: A mini-review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024;15:1389911. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389911
Gao C, Yang L, Ju J, et al. Risk and prognostic factors of replantation failure in patients with severe traumatic major limb mutilation. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2022;48(4):3203-3210. doi:10.1007/s00068-021-01876-w
Bonanno FG. Management of hemorrhagic shock: Physiology approach, timing and strategies. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;12(1):260. doi:10.3390/jcm12010260
Maegele M. The European perspective on the management of acute major hemorrhage and coagulopathy after trauma: Summary of the 2019 updated European guideline. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(2):362. doi:10.3390/jcm10020362
Moss D, Willmarth E. Hypnosis, anesthesia, pain management, and preparation for medical procedures. Annals of Palliative Medicine. 2019;8(4):498-503. doi:10.21037/apm.2019.07.01
Bollinger JW. The rate of adverse events related to hypnosis during clinical trials. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2018;60(4):357-366. doi:10.1080/00029157.2017.1315927
Leo DG, Bruno D, Proietti R. Remembering what did not happen: The role of hypnosis in memory recall and false memories formation. Frontiers in Psychology. 2025;16:1433762. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1433762
Tigges-Limmer K, Brocks Y, Winkler Y, et al. Clinical experience with medical hypnosis as an adjunctive therapy in heart surgery. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024;15:1356392. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356392
Referanslar
Öztürk AÖ, Öztürk G. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamaları. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research. 2019;3(Özel Sayı): 119-130. doi:10.34084/bshr.554710
Battino R. Using guided imagery and hypnosis in brief therapy and palliative care. New York (NY): Routledge; 2021. p.64-66
Linden JH, De Benedittis G, et al. The Routledge international handbook of clinical hypnosis. 1st ed. New York (NY): Routledge; 2024.
Lindquist R, Tracy MF, Snyder M. Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing. 9th ed. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Company; 2022
Awaludin S, Nurachmah E, Soetisna TW, et al. The effect of a smartphone-based perioperative nursing intervention: Prayer, education, exercise therapy, hypnosis, and music toward pain, anxiety, and early mobilization on cardiac surgery. Journal of Public Health Research. 2021;11(2):2742. doi:10.4081/jphr.2021.2742
Robertson DJ. The practice of cognitive-behavioural hypnotherapy: A manual for evidence-based clinical hypnosis. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2013. p.220-225. doi:10.4324/9780429482793
Rousseaux F, Bicego A, Ledoux D, et al. Hypnosis associated with 3D immersive virtual reality technology in the management of pain: A review of the literature. Journal of Pain Research. 2020;13:1129-1138. doi:10.2147/JPR.S231737
National Guild of Hypnotists. About us. Available from: https://ngh.net/about-us/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. About ASCH. Available from: https://asch.net/about-asch/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. What is hypnosis? Available from: https://www.sceh.us/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Society of Psychological Hypnosis (APA Division 30). About the society of psychological hypnosis. Available from: https://www.apadivisions.org/division-30/about/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
American Board of Hypnotherapy and Neuro-Linguistic Programming. About ABH-ABNLP. Available from https://abh-abnlp.com/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Milton H. Erickson Foundation. About the foundation. Available from: https://www.erickson-foundation.org/about/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
European Society of Hypnosis. About ESH. Available from: https://esh-hypnosis.eu/about/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Japanese Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Available from: https://www.hypnosis.jp/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Chinese Hypnosis Association. Available from: https://cha.org.tw/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hipnoz Uygulama Kılavuzu. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2025. https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/Ek_Hipnoz%20Uygulama%20K%C4%B1lavuzu.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Tıbbi Hipnoz Derneği. Tıbbi Hipnoz Derneği eğitim faaliyetleri. 26 Aralık 2018. (20/01/2026 tarihinde http://tibbihipnozdernegi.org.tr/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
European Society of Hypnosis. ESH constituent societies. 2019. Available from: https://esh-hypnosis.eu/ (Accessed 20th January 2026).
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hipnoz sertifikalı eğitim programı standardı. 2024. (20/01/2026 tarihinde https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/48131/0/hipnoz-sertifikali-egitim-programi-standardipdf.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
American Nurses Association, American Holistic Nurses Association. Holistic nursing: Scope and standards of practice. 3rd ed. American Nurses Association; Silver Spring (MD); 2019. p. 60-62
Stolz R, Klocke C, Mahler C, et al. Integrative nursing interventions: Knowledge, attitudes and practice in home nursing services in Germany-a quantitative and qualitative online survey. Frontiers in Medicine. 2024;11:1438035. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1438035
Palsson OS, Kekecs Z, De Benedittis G, et al. Current practices, experiences, and views in clinical hypnosis: Findings of an international survey. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2023;71(2):92-114. doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2183862
Yapko MD, Criswell SR. Trancework: An ıntroduction to the practice of clinical hypnosis. 6th ed. New York (NY): Routledge; 2025. p. 269-301.
Portel L, Perel A, Masson L, et al. Tolerance’s improvement of flexible bronchoscopy by Ericksonian hypnosis: The BREATH study. Respiratory Medicine and Research. 2022;81:100798. doi:10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100798
Azam MA, Weinrib AZ, Slepian PM, et al. Effects of perioperative clinical hypnosis on heart rate variability in patients undergoing oncologic surgery: Secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Pain Research. 2024;5:1354015. doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1354015
Lang EV, Jackson W, Senn P, et al. Efficacy of a self-hypnotic relaxation app on pain and anxiety in a randomized clinical trial: Results and considerations on the design of active and control apps. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2021;69(2):277-295. doi:10.1080/00207144.2021.1883988
ClinicalTrials.gov. Pilot study evaluating the feasibility and effects of an innovative automated hypnosis intervention for smoking cessation and pain and stress reduction (NCT03931772). 2019. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03931772 (Accessed 20th January 2026).
Hasan SS, Vasant D. The emerging new reality of hypnosis teletherapy: A major new mode of delivery of hypnotherapy and clinical hypnosis training. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2023;71(2):153-164. doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2185527
Özsunar Y, Kayhan H, İnce LU. Hipnoza multidisipliner yaklaşım: Psikiyatrik temeli, nörogörüntüleme ve genetik bulgular. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2024;16(3):451-465. doi:10.18863/pgy.1321465
Faerman A, Spiegel D. Shared cognitive mechanisms of hypnotizability with executive functioning and information salience. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):5704. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84954-8
Desmarteaux C, Streff A, Chen JI, et al. Brain responses to hypnotic verbal suggestions predict pain modulation. Frontiers in Pain Research. 2021;2:757384. doi:10.3389/fpain.2021.757384.
De Pascalis V. Brain functional correlates of resting hypnosis and hypnotizability: A review. Brain Sciences. 2024;14(2):115. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14020115
Rosenbloom BN, Slepian PM, Azam MA, et al. A randomized controlled trial of clinical hypnosis as an opioid-sparing adjunct treatment for pain relief in adults undergoing major oncologic surgery. Journal of Pain Research. 2024;17:45-59. doi:10.2147/JPR.S424639
Ozgunay SE, Ozmen S, Karasu D, et al. The effect of hypnosis on intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative pain in rhinoplasty. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2019;67(3):262-277. doi:10.1080/00207144.2019.1612670
Phillips BC. Hypnosis in the clinical setting. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. 2020;32(5):351-353. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000422
Holler M, Koranyi S, Strauss B, et al. Efficacy of hypnosis in adults undergoing surgical procedures: A meta-analytic update. Clinical Psychology Review. 2021;85:102001. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102001
Dziadzko M, Mazard T, Bonhomme M, et al. Preoperative anxiety in the surgical transfer and waiting area: A cross-sectional mixed method study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;11(9):2668. doi:10.3390/jcm11092668
Siciliano RE, Anderson AS, Compas BE. Autonomic nervous system correlates of posttraumatic stress symptoms in youth: meta-analysis and qualitative review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2022;92:102125. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102125
Carella M, Beck F, Quoilin C, et al. Effect of virtual reality hypnosis on intraoperative sedation needs and functional recovery in knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. 2025;50(5):383-389. doi:10.1136/rapm-2023-105261
Lahoud MJ, Gurary ST, Elia N. Hypnosis for anaesthetists: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Anaesthesia. 2026;81(1):103-115. doi:10.1111/anae.70013
Beutler S, Mertens YL, Ladner L, et al. Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2022;13(2):2132599. doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2132599
Slater P, Van-Manen A, Cyna AM. Clinical hypnosis and the anaesthetist: A practical approach. BJA Education. 2024;24(4):121-128. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2024.01.005
Carli G, Farabollini F. Pain control in tonic immobility (TI) and other immobility models. Progress in Brain Research. 2022;271(1):253-303. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.011
Alipour N, Jalali A, Jalali R, et al. Clients’ experiences in their first entry to the operating room: A descriptive phenomenological study. Perioperative Medicine (Lond). 2025;14(1):11. doi:10.1186/s13741-025-00494-z
Hennig CW. Effects of simulated predation on tonic immobility in Anolis carolinensis: The role of eye contact. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 1977;9(4):239-242. doi:10.3758/BF03336987
Woodruff ML. Tonic immobility and phenomenal consciousness in animals: A review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2025;16:1509999. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1509999
Luft CDB, Zioga I, Giannopoulos A, et al. Social synchronization of brain activity increases during eye-contact. Communications Biology. 2022;5(1):412. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03352-6
Wohltjen S, Wheatley T. Eye contact marks the rise and fall of shared attention in conversation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2021;118(37):e2106645118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2106645118
Nowak H, Wolf A, Rahmel T, et al. Therapeutic suggestions during general anesthesia reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:898326. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.898326
Enqvist B, Björklund C, Engman M, et al. Preoperative hypnosis reduces postoperative vomiting after surgery of the breasts: A prospective, randomized and blinded study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1997;41(8):1028-1032. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04831.x
De Benedittis G, Cigada M, Bianchi A, et al. Autonomic changes during hypnosis: a heart rate variability power spectrum analysis as a marker of sympatho-vagal balance. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1994;42(2):140-152. doi:10.1080/00207149408409347
D’Andre S, Fuehrer DL. Relax - It’s evidence-based: The role of hypnosis in managing post-operative symptoms. Gynecologic Oncology. 2025;198:A1-A3. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.06.019
Häuser W. Gut-directed hypnosis and hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: A mini-review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024;15:1389911. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389911
Gao C, Yang L, Ju J, et al. Risk and prognostic factors of replantation failure in patients with severe traumatic major limb mutilation. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2022;48(4):3203-3210. doi:10.1007/s00068-021-01876-w
Bonanno FG. Management of hemorrhagic shock: Physiology approach, timing and strategies. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;12(1):260. doi:10.3390/jcm12010260
Maegele M. The European perspective on the management of acute major hemorrhage and coagulopathy after trauma: Summary of the 2019 updated European guideline. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(2):362. doi:10.3390/jcm10020362
Moss D, Willmarth E. Hypnosis, anesthesia, pain management, and preparation for medical procedures. Annals of Palliative Medicine. 2019;8(4):498-503. doi:10.21037/apm.2019.07.01
Bollinger JW. The rate of adverse events related to hypnosis during clinical trials. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2018;60(4):357-366. doi:10.1080/00029157.2017.1315927
Leo DG, Bruno D, Proietti R. Remembering what did not happen: The role of hypnosis in memory recall and false memories formation. Frontiers in Psychology. 2025;16:1433762. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1433762
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