Dikkati Başka Yöne Çekme Yönteminin Cerrahi Bakımda Kullanımı
Özet
Cerrahi bakım sürecinde, hastaların ağrı, kaygı ve stres düzeylerini azaltmada dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemleri, önemli bir tamamlayıcı tedavi seçeneği olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemi, bireyin dikkatini ağrılı ya da rahatsız edici bir durumdan uzaklaştırarak, olumlu bir uyarana yönlendirmeyi amaçlayan, etkili bir davranışsal stratejidir. Hemşirelik bakımında, bu yöntemin kullanımı ise, insanlarda uzun yıllardır süregelen doğal ağrı ve kaygıyla başa çıkma içgüdüsüne dayanmaktadır. Bu kitap bölümünde, özellikle, teknolojik gelişmelerin sağlık hizmetlerine entegrasyonu ile yaygınlaşan sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları, sezgi terapi ve rehberli imgeleme gibi modern dikkat dağıtma yaklaşımlarına odaklanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler, hemşirelik uygulamalarında kanıta dayalı, hasta konforunu artıran ve iyileşme sürecini destekleyen yenilikçi çözümler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bölümde ayrıca, dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemlerinin tarihçesi, fizyolojik dayanakları, uygulama alanları ve klinik etkinlikleri güncel literatür ışığında ele alınmış; sanal gerçeklik, sezgi terapi ve imgeleme gibi tekniklerin cerrahi hastalar üzerindeki olumlu etkileri tartışılmıştır. Modern teknolojilerle zenginleşen bu dikkat dağıtma yaklaşımları, cerrahi hemşireliğinde bütüncül, güvenli ve uygulanabilir olan tamamlayıcı yöntemler arasındaki haklı yerini almıştır.
In the surgical care process, distraction techniques have gained significant importance as complementary methods to reduce patients’ pain, anxiety, and stress levels. The distraction method aims to redirect an individual’s attention away from painful or distressing stimuli toward alternative and more positive stimuli, serving as an effective behavioral strategy. In nursing care, the use of distraction techniques is rooted in the natural human instinct to cope with pain and anxiety, and has a long-standing history as a non-pharmacological approach. This book chapter specifically focuses on modern distraction methods that have evolved with the integration of technology into healthcare, such as virtual reality applications, intuition therapy, and guided imagery. These techniques are recognized as evidence-based, innovative practices that nurses can use to enhance patient comfort and support recovery in surgical care settings. The chapter also discusses the history, physiological foundations, areas of application, and clinical effectiveness of distraction techniques in light of current literature, and highlights the positive effects of virtual reality, intuition therapy, and imagery on surgical patients. Enriched by modern technological advances, these distraction approaches, enriched with modern technologies, have taken their rightful place among the holistic, safe and applicable complementary methods in surgical nursing.
Referanslar
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Shekhar S, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, et al. Effect of active and passive distraction techniques while administering local anaesthesia on the dental anxiety, behaviour and pain levels of children: A randomised controlled trial. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2022;23(3):417-427. doi:10.1007/s40368-022-00698-7
Sahiner NC, Bal MD. The effect of three different distraction methods on pain and anxiety in children. Journal of Child Health Care. 2016;20(3):277-285. doi:10.1177/13674935155870
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Referanslar
Koller D, Goldman RD. Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: a critical review of pediatric research. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2012;27(6):652-681. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2011.08.001
Golmakani S, Taheri A, Chambari R, et al. Non-pharmacological techniques to control pain and anxiety during medical procedures in children under 15 years: A systematic review. Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences. 2023;1(5):69-81.
Shekhar S, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, et al. Effect of active and passive distraction techniques while administering local anaesthesia on the dental anxiety, behaviour and pain levels of children: A randomised controlled trial. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2022;23(3):417-427. doi:10.1007/s40368-022-00698-7
Sahiner NC, Bal MD. The effect of three different distraction methods on pain and anxiety in children. Journal of Child Health Care. 2016;20(3):277-285. doi:10.1177/13674935155870
Shoghi M, Aghtaii MZ, Kheradmand M. The effect of the active and passive distraction techniques on the burn children’s pain intensity and anxiety during dressing changes. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2022;9(3):167-172. doi:10.4103/jnms.jnms_139_21
Bergomi P, Scudeller L, Pintaldi S, et al. Effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods of pain management in children undergoing venipuncture: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2018;41:48-56. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2018.04.011
İnal S, Canbulat N. Çocuklarda prosedürel ağrı yönetiminde dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemlerinin kullanımı. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2015;2(3):372-378. doi:10.17681/hsp.47420
Eijlers R, Dierckx B, Staals LM, et al. Virtual reality exposure before elective day care surgery to reduce anxiety and pain in children: A randomized controlled trial. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2019;3(8):547-554. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000001059
Spiegel B, Fuller G, Lopez M, et al. Virtual reality for management of pain in hospitalized patients: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0219115. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219115
Nightingale F. Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is not. New York: D. Appleton and Company; 1860.
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