Ayurvedanın Cerrahi Bakımda Kullanımı
Özet
Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları, binlerce yıllık geçmişe sahip çeşitli sağlık uygulamalarını kapsar. Özellikle Ayurveda, Hindistan kökenli, yaşamı ve sağlıklı yaşam sanatını temel alan bütüncül bir tıp sistemidir. “Ayu” (yaşam) ve “Veda” (bilgi) kelimelerinden türeyen Ayurveda, yalnızca hastalığın tedavisini değil, aynı zamanda sağlıklı ve dengeli bir yaşam felsefesini esas alır. Ayurveda, sözlü kültürle nesilden nesile aktarılan bilgilerle başlamış ve sonrasında Sanskritçe şiirsel metinlerle yazılı hale getirilmiştir. Ayurveda, sekiz uzmanlık alanına ayrılmış kapsamlı bir geleneksel tıp sistemidir. Bu alanlar: cerrahi, kulak-burun-boğaz, dahiliye, psikiyatri, kadın-doğum, pediatri, toksikoloji, geriatri ve üreme sağlığıdır. Özellikle Shalya Tantra, antik dönemde cerrahi uygulamalar için geliştirilmiş ve hızlı, etkili tedavi yöntemleri sunan bir disiplindir. Ayurveda'nın en önemli kaynakları arasında yer alan Sushruta Samhita, cerrahi uygulamaları sistematik şekilde açıklayan bir metindir. Acharya Sushruta tarafından yazılan bu eser, ameliyat öncesi, sırası ve sonrası bakımın yanı sıra, cerrahi aletler, dikiş teknikleri, sterilizasyon ve kozmetik cerrahi gibi pek çok konuyu kapsamlı biçimde ele alır. Shalya Tantra adı verilen bu yaklaşım, cerrahi bakım sürecindeki hasta bireylerin iyileşme sürecini hızlandırmayı ve komplikasyon risklerini azaltmayı hedefler.
Traditional and complementary medical practices encompass a variety of health practices with thousands of years of history. Ayurveda, in particular, is a holistic medical system originating in India, based on life and the art of living healthy. Derived from the words “Ayu” (life) and “Veda” (knowledge), Ayurveda is based not only on the treatment of disease, but also on a healthy and balanced life philosophy. Ayurveda began with information passed down from generation to generation through oral culture and was later written down in Sanskrit poetic texts. Ayurveda is a comprehensive system of traditional medicine divided into eight specialties. These include surgery, ear, nose and throat, internal medicine, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, toxicology, geriatrics and reproductive health. Shalya Tantra, in particular, is a discipline developed in antiquity for surgical applications and offers fast, effective treatment methods. Sushruta Samhita, one of the most important sources of Ayurveda, is a text that systematically explains surgical practices. Written by Acharya Sushruta, this work comprehensively covers many topics such as surgical instruments, suturing techniques, sterilization and cosmetic surgery, as well as pre-, intra- and post-operative care. This approach, called Shalya Tantra, aims to accelerate the healing process and reduce the risk of complications in surgical interventions.
Referanslar
Al Worafi YM. History of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) education. In: Handbook of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine education, practice, and research. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2025:1-9
World Health Organization (WHO). Traditional and complementary medicine in Primary health care. e Technical Series on primary health care. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326299/WHO-HIS-SDS-2018.37-eng.pdf (Accessed 15th June 2025)
Sharma H. Ayurveda: Science of life, genetics and epigenetics. Ayu. 2016 Apr-Jun;37(2):87-91. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_220_16. PMID: 29200745; PMCID: PMC5688840.
Mathpati MM, Albert S, Porter JDH. Ayurveda and medicalisation today: The loss of important knowledge and practice in health? J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020;11 (1):89-94. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2018.06.004
Kayne SB. Indian ayurvedic medicine. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2nd ed. Grayslake: Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p.449–472.
Arnold JT. Integrating ayurvedic medicine into cancer research programs part 1: Ayurveda background and applications, J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023;14(2):100676. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100676
Newton HB. Indian Ayurvedic medicine: Overview and application to brain cancer. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024;15(4):101013. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101013
Rotti H, Raval R, Anchan S, et al. Determinants of prakriti, the human constitution types of Indian traditional medicine and its correlation with contemporary science. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2014;5(3):167-75. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.140478
Jaiswal YS, Williams LL. A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017;7(1):50-53. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.002
Satheesh V Dev, Sharada B S, Vishwanath Sharma, Shailaja S V, Baidyanath Mishra. Surgical procedures in Sushruta Samhita and its relevance in modern surgery. AYUSHDHARA. 2014;1(1):32-37.
Shekokar AKV, Shekokar KA, Gawali G. Ayurveda and modern aspect of surgery; recent advancement in field: A review. World J Pharm Med Res. 2021;7(10):277-279.
Prajapati D, Shirode P. The concept of post-operative care in Ayurveda and its relevance in the present era. J Propulsion Technol. 2023;44(5): 2844-2853.
Kembhavi SA, Toshikhane H, Sharma M. Surgical Principles Evolved in Sushruta Samhita-An Ancient text book of Surgery Book Review. Imaging in Medicine, 2022;14(9): 1-8. doi: 10.37532/1755-5191.2022.14(9).
Majumdar D, Halli C, Naikar A, et al. Pre-operatıve Management ın Ayurveda. Paryeshana International Journal of Ayurvedic Research, 2017;1(4):90-97.
Kaushik P, Gupta S, Saraswat S. Para-surgical procedures and its practice in Ayurveda. Int Ayurvedic Med J., 2023; 11(8):1952-1954. doi:10.46607/iamj2211082023.
Tembhekar T, Selukar RV, Dodke V. Pain management through para-surgical procedures in Ayurveda: A review. J Sci Innov Res. 2023;12(4):86-8. doi: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12403
Vijayan A, Subi NH, Abdul Shukkoor MM. Ayurveda management in surgical site infections after haemorrhoidectomy: A case report. Int J AYUSH Care. 2022;6(1):51-56.
Dudhamal TS. Review of grey literature on Ayurveda wound healing formulations and procedures—A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023; 14(4):1-7 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100779.
Yadav S, Jain S, Chaudhary J, et al. The role of Ayurveda management in preventing surgical site infections instead of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017;8(4):263-265. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.03.003
Patel NB, Sharma RK, Desai H. An Indirect Inguinal Hernia Repair after Nitya Virechana a Case Report, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2024; 12(2):118-124. doi:10.22270/ajprd.v12i2.1375
Solankar RM, Hake NL, Nibe P, et al. Ayurveda and modern view on “Inguinal Hernia” and its therapeutic management. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences. 2021; 6(3):1-4 doi:10.22270/hjhs.v6i3.100.
Shindhe PS, Kale AP, Killedar RS. Integrative management of diabetic foot ulcers – A case series, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2023; 14(5):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100770.
Adithya JV, Nirmaladevi NN, Siddayya Aradhyamath. Revisiting and recreating plastic surgery concepts of Acharya Sushruta through Torn Ear Lobulue Repair vis-à-vis Karnasandhana w.s.r. to Lobuloplasty - A single case study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022; 7(10):229-235.
Mishra V, Shirode P. Ayurvedic Surgical Advancement: Standardization Initiative and Potential for Enhanced Healthcare Results. International Education & Research Journal [IERJ], 2023;9(6): 1-3.
Referanslar
Al Worafi YM. History of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) education. In: Handbook of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine education, practice, and research. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2025:1-9
World Health Organization (WHO). Traditional and complementary medicine in Primary health care. e Technical Series on primary health care. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326299/WHO-HIS-SDS-2018.37-eng.pdf (Accessed 15th June 2025)
Sharma H. Ayurveda: Science of life, genetics and epigenetics. Ayu. 2016 Apr-Jun;37(2):87-91. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_220_16. PMID: 29200745; PMCID: PMC5688840.
Mathpati MM, Albert S, Porter JDH. Ayurveda and medicalisation today: The loss of important knowledge and practice in health? J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020;11 (1):89-94. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2018.06.004
Kayne SB. Indian ayurvedic medicine. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2nd ed. Grayslake: Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p.449–472.
Arnold JT. Integrating ayurvedic medicine into cancer research programs part 1: Ayurveda background and applications, J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023;14(2):100676. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100676
Newton HB. Indian Ayurvedic medicine: Overview and application to brain cancer. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024;15(4):101013. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101013
Rotti H, Raval R, Anchan S, et al. Determinants of prakriti, the human constitution types of Indian traditional medicine and its correlation with contemporary science. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2014;5(3):167-75. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.140478
Jaiswal YS, Williams LL. A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017;7(1):50-53. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.002
Satheesh V Dev, Sharada B S, Vishwanath Sharma, Shailaja S V, Baidyanath Mishra. Surgical procedures in Sushruta Samhita and its relevance in modern surgery. AYUSHDHARA. 2014;1(1):32-37.
Shekokar AKV, Shekokar KA, Gawali G. Ayurveda and modern aspect of surgery; recent advancement in field: A review. World J Pharm Med Res. 2021;7(10):277-279.
Prajapati D, Shirode P. The concept of post-operative care in Ayurveda and its relevance in the present era. J Propulsion Technol. 2023;44(5): 2844-2853.
Kembhavi SA, Toshikhane H, Sharma M. Surgical Principles Evolved in Sushruta Samhita-An Ancient text book of Surgery Book Review. Imaging in Medicine, 2022;14(9): 1-8. doi: 10.37532/1755-5191.2022.14(9).
Majumdar D, Halli C, Naikar A, et al. Pre-operatıve Management ın Ayurveda. Paryeshana International Journal of Ayurvedic Research, 2017;1(4):90-97.
Kaushik P, Gupta S, Saraswat S. Para-surgical procedures and its practice in Ayurveda. Int Ayurvedic Med J., 2023; 11(8):1952-1954. doi:10.46607/iamj2211082023.
Tembhekar T, Selukar RV, Dodke V. Pain management through para-surgical procedures in Ayurveda: A review. J Sci Innov Res. 2023;12(4):86-8. doi: 10.31254/jsir.2023.12403
Vijayan A, Subi NH, Abdul Shukkoor MM. Ayurveda management in surgical site infections after haemorrhoidectomy: A case report. Int J AYUSH Care. 2022;6(1):51-56.
Dudhamal TS. Review of grey literature on Ayurveda wound healing formulations and procedures—A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023; 14(4):1-7 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100779.
Yadav S, Jain S, Chaudhary J, et al. The role of Ayurveda management in preventing surgical site infections instead of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017;8(4):263-265. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.03.003
Patel NB, Sharma RK, Desai H. An Indirect Inguinal Hernia Repair after Nitya Virechana a Case Report, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2024; 12(2):118-124. doi:10.22270/ajprd.v12i2.1375
Solankar RM, Hake NL, Nibe P, et al. Ayurveda and modern view on “Inguinal Hernia” and its therapeutic management. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences. 2021; 6(3):1-4 doi:10.22270/hjhs.v6i3.100.
Shindhe PS, Kale AP, Killedar RS. Integrative management of diabetic foot ulcers – A case series, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2023; 14(5):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100770.
Adithya JV, Nirmaladevi NN, Siddayya Aradhyamath. Revisiting and recreating plastic surgery concepts of Acharya Sushruta through Torn Ear Lobulue Repair vis-à-vis Karnasandhana w.s.r. to Lobuloplasty - A single case study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022; 7(10):229-235.
Mishra V, Shirode P. Ayurvedic Surgical Advancement: Standardization Initiative and Potential for Enhanced Healthcare Results. International Education & Research Journal [IERJ], 2023;9(6): 1-3.
