AmpC ß-laktamazların Saptanması
Özet
Amp C ß-laktamazlar, değişik gram negatif bakterilerdeki klinik tedavi sonuçlarını etkileyebilen ve yayılma potansiyelindeki direnç mekanizmalarından olmasına rağmen, laboratuvarda tanımlanmaları GSBL’ler kadar standart değildir. Bu nedenle de, klinik mikrobiyoloji uzmanının bu mekanizmayı tanıyıp raporu bazı uyarılarla çıkarması gereklidir. Bu bölümde, Amp C β- laktamazların varlığına ilişkin bazı ipuçları ile, saptanmalarında kullanılan yöntemler ele alınmıştır.
Although Amp C ß (β) lactamases are among the most significant resistance mechanisms in various gram negative bacteria that can affect clinical treatment and patient outcome and also have the potential to spread, their detection at the laboratory could be challenging as it is not as standardized as for the ESBLs. Therefore, it is necessary for the clinical microbiologist to recognize this mechanism and report the antibiogramme by adding cautionary notes. This section briefly discusses the general characteristics of Amp C β-lactamases. which “hints” their presence, and the methods used for identification in the laboratory.
Referanslar
Meini S, Tascini C, Cei M, Sozio E, Rossolini GM. AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: what a clinician should know. Infection. 2019;47(3):363-375.
Doern C D. Review of AmpC ß-lactamases in the Enterobacterales. Clin Micro Newsletter. 2021; 43 (10): 81-86.
Tamma Pd, Doi Y, Bonomo RA, Johnson JK, Simner PJ. Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. A primer on AmpC ß-lactamases; necessary knowledge for an increasingly multidrug resistant World. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 69: 1446-55.
Leclercq R, Cantón R, Brown DF, et al. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:141–60.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST guidelines for detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/or epidemiological importance. Version 2.01 July (2017). http://www.eucas t.org.
Jacoby GA. Amp C ß-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009; 22: 161-82
Philippon A, Arlet G, Labia R, Bogdan I. Iorgad. Class C ß-lactamases : Molecular characteristics. Clin Microbiol Rev.2022; 35(3)
Rodríguez-Guerrero E, Callejas-Rodelas JC, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Systematic Review of Plasmid AmpC Type Resistances in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Preliminary Proposal of a Simplified Screening Method for ampC. Microorganisms.2022; 10(3): 611. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611.
Black JA, Thomson KS, Buynak JD, Pitout JDD. Evaluation of ß-lactamase inhibitors in disk tests for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases in well-characterized clinical strains of Klebsiella spp. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005; 43: 4168–4171.
Song W, Bae IK, Lee YN, Lee CH, Lee SH, Jeong SH. Detection of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases by using boronic acid as an AmpC ß-lactamase inhibitor in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007; 45, 1180–1184.
Song W, Jeong SH, Kim JS. Use of boronic acid disk methods to detect the combined expression of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and Proteus mirabilis. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2007; 57: 315–318
Black JA, Moland ES, Thomson KS. AmpC disk test for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal AmpC ß-lactamases. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005;43:3110–3113.
Gude, MJ, Seral C, Saenz Y, González-Domínguez M, Torres C, Castillo FJ. Evaluation of four phenotypic methods to detect plasmid-mediated AmpC _-lactamases in clinical isolates. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2012; 31; 2037–2043.
Coolen JPM, Drijver EPM, Kluytmans JAJW et al. Development of an algorithm to discriminate between plasmid and chromosomal-mediated AmpC β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli by elaborate phenotypic and genotypic characterization. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2019;74: 3481–3488.
Zhou Q, Tang M, Zhong X, Lu J, Tang X, Gao Y. Detection of Amp C β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria. Heliyon 8 (2022) e12245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12245
Dallenne C, Da Costa A, Decré D, Favier C, Arlet G. Development of a set of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding important ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2010; 65: 490–495.
Brolund A, Wisell KT, Edquist PJ, Elfström L, Walder M, Giske CG. Development of a real-time SYBRGreen PCR assay for rapid detection of acquired AmpC in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Microbiol. Methods 2010; 82: 229–233.
Zorgani A, Daw H, Sufya N, Bashein A, Elahmer O, Chouchani C. Co-Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Activity among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Open Microbiol. J. 2017; 11: 195–202.
Chérif T, Saidani M, Decré D, Boutiba-Ben Boubaker I, Arlet G. Cooccurrence of Multiple AmpC β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis in Tunisia. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2016; 60: 4–51.
Rizi KS, Mosavat A, Youssefi M et al. High prevalence of blaCMY AmpC ß-lactamase in ESBL co-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. clinical isolates in the northeast of Iran. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 2020; 22: 477–482.
Referanslar
Meini S, Tascini C, Cei M, Sozio E, Rossolini GM. AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: what a clinician should know. Infection. 2019;47(3):363-375.
Doern C D. Review of AmpC ß-lactamases in the Enterobacterales. Clin Micro Newsletter. 2021; 43 (10): 81-86.
Tamma Pd, Doi Y, Bonomo RA, Johnson JK, Simner PJ. Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. A primer on AmpC ß-lactamases; necessary knowledge for an increasingly multidrug resistant World. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 69: 1446-55.
Leclercq R, Cantón R, Brown DF, et al. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:141–60.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST guidelines for detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/or epidemiological importance. Version 2.01 July (2017). http://www.eucas t.org.
Jacoby GA. Amp C ß-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009; 22: 161-82
Philippon A, Arlet G, Labia R, Bogdan I. Iorgad. Class C ß-lactamases : Molecular characteristics. Clin Microbiol Rev.2022; 35(3)
Rodríguez-Guerrero E, Callejas-Rodelas JC, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Systematic Review of Plasmid AmpC Type Resistances in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Preliminary Proposal of a Simplified Screening Method for ampC. Microorganisms.2022; 10(3): 611. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611.
Black JA, Thomson KS, Buynak JD, Pitout JDD. Evaluation of ß-lactamase inhibitors in disk tests for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases in well-characterized clinical strains of Klebsiella spp. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005; 43: 4168–4171.
Song W, Bae IK, Lee YN, Lee CH, Lee SH, Jeong SH. Detection of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases by using boronic acid as an AmpC ß-lactamase inhibitor in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007; 45, 1180–1184.
Song W, Jeong SH, Kim JS. Use of boronic acid disk methods to detect the combined expression of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and Proteus mirabilis. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2007; 57: 315–318
Black JA, Moland ES, Thomson KS. AmpC disk test for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal AmpC ß-lactamases. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005;43:3110–3113.
Gude, MJ, Seral C, Saenz Y, González-Domínguez M, Torres C, Castillo FJ. Evaluation of four phenotypic methods to detect plasmid-mediated AmpC _-lactamases in clinical isolates. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2012; 31; 2037–2043.
Coolen JPM, Drijver EPM, Kluytmans JAJW et al. Development of an algorithm to discriminate between plasmid and chromosomal-mediated AmpC β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli by elaborate phenotypic and genotypic characterization. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2019;74: 3481–3488.
Zhou Q, Tang M, Zhong X, Lu J, Tang X, Gao Y. Detection of Amp C β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria. Heliyon 8 (2022) e12245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12245
Dallenne C, Da Costa A, Decré D, Favier C, Arlet G. Development of a set of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding important ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2010; 65: 490–495.
Brolund A, Wisell KT, Edquist PJ, Elfström L, Walder M, Giske CG. Development of a real-time SYBRGreen PCR assay for rapid detection of acquired AmpC in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Microbiol. Methods 2010; 82: 229–233.
Zorgani A, Daw H, Sufya N, Bashein A, Elahmer O, Chouchani C. Co-Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Activity among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Open Microbiol. J. 2017; 11: 195–202.
Chérif T, Saidani M, Decré D, Boutiba-Ben Boubaker I, Arlet G. Cooccurrence of Multiple AmpC β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis in Tunisia. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2016; 60: 4–51.
Rizi KS, Mosavat A, Youssefi M et al. High prevalence of blaCMY AmpC ß-lactamase in ESBL co-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. clinical isolates in the northeast of Iran. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 2020; 22: 477–482.
