Grup C β-laktamazlar
Özet
Amp C ß-laktamazlar, değişik gram negatif bakterilerdeki en önemli, klinik tedavi sonuçlarını etkileyebilen ve yayılma potansiyelindeki direnç mekanizmalarındandır. Güncel yayınların önceliği karbapenemazlar olsa da, Amp C enzimlerinin prevalansı da tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Bu ß-laktamazlar penisilinler, oksiimino sefalosporinler, sefamisinler ve aztreonamı kapsayan birçok ß-laktam antibiyotiği inaktive edebilir. Sefepim ve karbapenemler genellikle etkilenmezler. AmpC ß-laktamazlar aktarılabilir plazmidlerde ve/veya bazı türlerde kromozomda bulunabilirler. İfade özellikleri klinik tedaviyi etkileyebilecek şekilde değişebilir. Bazı AmpC ß-laktamazlar sürekli yüksek düzeyde yapılırken, bazıları ortamda ß-laktam varken uyarılabilir, bazen de enzimi aşırı üreten mutantlar seçilebilir.
Amp C ß (β) lactamases are among the most significant resistance mechanisms in various gram negative bacteria that can affect clinical treatment and patient outcome and also have the potential to spread. Although the current publications focus mainly on carbapenemases, the prevalence of AmpC enzymes is also increasing worldwide. These β- lactamases can inactivate many ß-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, oxyimino-cephalosporins, cephamycins, and aztreonam. Cefepime and carbapenems are usually not affected. Amp C β-lactamases can be found on transferable plasmids and/or in the chromosome in some species. Their expression characteristics can vary in ways that can affect treatment outcome. Some AmpC are constantly produced at high levels, while others can be induced in the presence of ß-lactams, and sometimes mutants that hyperproduce the enzyme can be selected.
Referanslar
Jacoby GA. Amp C ß-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009; 22: 161-82
Tamma Pd, Doi Y, Bonomo RA, Johnson JK, Simner PJ. Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. A primer on AmpC ß-lactamases; necessary knowledge for an increasingly multidrug resistant World. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 69: 1446-55.
Meini S, Tascini C, Cei M, Sozio E, Rossolini GM. AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: what a clinician should know. Infection. 2019;47(3):363-375.
Doern C D. Review of AmpC ß-lactamases in the Enterobacterales. Clin Micro Newsletter. 2021; 43 (10): 81-86.
Philippon A, Arlet G, Labia R, Bogdan I. Iorgad. Class C ß-lactamases : Molecular characteristics. Clin Microbiol Rev.2022; 35(3)
Bush K, Jacoby GA. Updated functional classification of ß-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:969–76.
Adler H, L. Fenner P. Walter, D et al. Plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking inducible chromosomal ampC genes: prevalence at a Swiss university hospital and occurrence of the different molecular types in Switzerland. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.2008; 61:457–458.
Rodríguez-Guerrero E, Callejas-Rodelas JC, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Systematic Review of Plasmid AmpC Type Resistances in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Preliminary Proposal of a Simplified Screening Method for ampC. Microorganisms.2022; 10(3): 611. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611.
Ahmad, M, C. Urban, N. Mariano, P. A. Bradford, E. Calcagni, S. J. Projan, K. Bush, and J. J. Rahal. Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology associated with imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 1999; 29:352–355.
Ahmed, A., Shimamoto. T.. Emergence of a cefepime- and cefpirome-resistant Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate harbouring a novel chromosomally encoded AmpC _ß-lactamase, CMY-37. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2008; 32:256–261.
Alexandre K, Fantin B. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Temocillin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57:287–96.
Mammeri H, Nordmann P, Berkani A, Eb F. Contribution of extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC) ß-lactamases to carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008;282:238–40.
D’Angelo RG, Johnson JK, Bork JT, Heil EL. Treatment options for extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing bacteria. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016;17:953–67.
Schmidtke AJ, Hanson ND. Model system to evaluate the effect of ampD mutations on AmpC-mediated ß-lactam resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2030–7.
Korfmann G, Sanders CC. AmpG is essential for high-level expression of AmpC ß-lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989; 33:1946–51.
Kaneko K, Okamoto R, Nakano R, Kawakami S, Inoue M. Gene mutations responsible for overexpression of AmpC ß-lactamase in some clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43:2955–8.
Olson B, Weinstein RA, Nathan C, Kabins SA. Broad-spectrum ß-lactam resistance in Enterobacter: emergence during treatment and mechanisms of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983;11:299 310.
Quinn JP, DiVincenzo CA, Foster J. Emergence of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy for Enterobacter cloacae infections. J Infect Dis 1987;155:942-7.
Choi SH, Lee JE, Park SJ, et al. Emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for infections caused byEnterobacteriaceae producing AmpC ß-lactamase: implications for antibiotic use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:995-1000.
Livermore DM, Brown DF, Quinn JP, Carmeli Y, Paterson DL, Yu VL. Should third-generation cephalosporins be avoided against AmpC-inducible Enterobacteriaceae? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004; 10:84–5.
Power P, Galleni M, Ayala JA, Gutkind G. Biochemical and molecular characterization of three new variants of AmpC ß-lactamases from Morganella morganii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006; 50:962–7.
Kohlmann R, Bahr T, Gatermann SG. Species-specific mutation rates for ampC derepression in Enterobacterales with chromosomally encoded inducible AmpC β-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73:1530–6.
Leclercq R, Cantón R, Brown DF, et al. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:141–60.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST guidelines for detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/or epidemiological importance. Version 2.01 July (2017). http://www.eucas t.org.
Harris PN, Ferguson JK. Antibiotic therapy for inducible AmpC β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli: what are the alternatives to carbapenems, quinolones and aminoglycosides? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;40:297–305.
Bauernfeind A, Chong Y, Schweighart S. Extended broad spectrum ß-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae including resist-ance to cephamycins. Infection. 1989;17:316–21.
Naas T, Queslati S, Bonnin RA et al. ß-Lactamase Database (BLDB)- Structure and Function. Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32: 917-919.
Arena F, Giani T, Becucci E, et al. Large oligoclonal outbreak due to Klebsiella pneumoniae ST14 and ST26 producing the FOX-7 AmpC β-lactamase in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:4067–72.
Drinkovic D, Morris AJ, Dyet K, Bakker S, Heffernan H. Plasmid- mediated AmpC ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in the Auckland community likely to be resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. N Z Med J. 2015;128:50–9.
Rodríguez-Baño J, Miró E, Villar M. et al. Colonisation and infection due to Enterobacteriaceae producing plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases. J. Infect. 2012; 64: 176–183.
Seiffert SN, Hilty M, Kronenberg, Droz S, Perreten V, Endimiani A. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in community, specialized outpatient clinic and hospital settings in Switzerland. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2013; 68: 2249–2254.
Referanslar
Jacoby GA. Amp C ß-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009; 22: 161-82
Tamma Pd, Doi Y, Bonomo RA, Johnson JK, Simner PJ. Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. A primer on AmpC ß-lactamases; necessary knowledge for an increasingly multidrug resistant World. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 69: 1446-55.
Meini S, Tascini C, Cei M, Sozio E, Rossolini GM. AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: what a clinician should know. Infection. 2019;47(3):363-375.
Doern C D. Review of AmpC ß-lactamases in the Enterobacterales. Clin Micro Newsletter. 2021; 43 (10): 81-86.
Philippon A, Arlet G, Labia R, Bogdan I. Iorgad. Class C ß-lactamases : Molecular characteristics. Clin Microbiol Rev.2022; 35(3)
Bush K, Jacoby GA. Updated functional classification of ß-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:969–76.
Adler H, L. Fenner P. Walter, D et al. Plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking inducible chromosomal ampC genes: prevalence at a Swiss university hospital and occurrence of the different molecular types in Switzerland. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.2008; 61:457–458.
Rodríguez-Guerrero E, Callejas-Rodelas JC, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Systematic Review of Plasmid AmpC Type Resistances in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Preliminary Proposal of a Simplified Screening Method for ampC. Microorganisms.2022; 10(3): 611. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611.
Ahmad, M, C. Urban, N. Mariano, P. A. Bradford, E. Calcagni, S. J. Projan, K. Bush, and J. J. Rahal. Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology associated with imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 1999; 29:352–355.
Ahmed, A., Shimamoto. T.. Emergence of a cefepime- and cefpirome-resistant Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate harbouring a novel chromosomally encoded AmpC _ß-lactamase, CMY-37. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2008; 32:256–261.
Alexandre K, Fantin B. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Temocillin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57:287–96.
Mammeri H, Nordmann P, Berkani A, Eb F. Contribution of extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC) ß-lactamases to carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008;282:238–40.
D’Angelo RG, Johnson JK, Bork JT, Heil EL. Treatment options for extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing bacteria. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016;17:953–67.
Schmidtke AJ, Hanson ND. Model system to evaluate the effect of ampD mutations on AmpC-mediated ß-lactam resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2030–7.
Korfmann G, Sanders CC. AmpG is essential for high-level expression of AmpC ß-lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989; 33:1946–51.
Kaneko K, Okamoto R, Nakano R, Kawakami S, Inoue M. Gene mutations responsible for overexpression of AmpC ß-lactamase in some clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43:2955–8.
Olson B, Weinstein RA, Nathan C, Kabins SA. Broad-spectrum ß-lactam resistance in Enterobacter: emergence during treatment and mechanisms of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983;11:299 310.
Quinn JP, DiVincenzo CA, Foster J. Emergence of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy for Enterobacter cloacae infections. J Infect Dis 1987;155:942-7.
Choi SH, Lee JE, Park SJ, et al. Emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for infections caused byEnterobacteriaceae producing AmpC ß-lactamase: implications for antibiotic use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:995-1000.
Livermore DM, Brown DF, Quinn JP, Carmeli Y, Paterson DL, Yu VL. Should third-generation cephalosporins be avoided against AmpC-inducible Enterobacteriaceae? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004; 10:84–5.
Power P, Galleni M, Ayala JA, Gutkind G. Biochemical and molecular characterization of three new variants of AmpC ß-lactamases from Morganella morganii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006; 50:962–7.
Kohlmann R, Bahr T, Gatermann SG. Species-specific mutation rates for ampC derepression in Enterobacterales with chromosomally encoded inducible AmpC β-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73:1530–6.
Leclercq R, Cantón R, Brown DF, et al. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:141–60.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST guidelines for detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/or epidemiological importance. Version 2.01 July (2017). http://www.eucas t.org.
Harris PN, Ferguson JK. Antibiotic therapy for inducible AmpC β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli: what are the alternatives to carbapenems, quinolones and aminoglycosides? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;40:297–305.
Bauernfeind A, Chong Y, Schweighart S. Extended broad spectrum ß-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae including resist-ance to cephamycins. Infection. 1989;17:316–21.
Naas T, Queslati S, Bonnin RA et al. ß-Lactamase Database (BLDB)- Structure and Function. Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32: 917-919.
Arena F, Giani T, Becucci E, et al. Large oligoclonal outbreak due to Klebsiella pneumoniae ST14 and ST26 producing the FOX-7 AmpC β-lactamase in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:4067–72.
Drinkovic D, Morris AJ, Dyet K, Bakker S, Heffernan H. Plasmid- mediated AmpC ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in the Auckland community likely to be resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. N Z Med J. 2015;128:50–9.
Rodríguez-Baño J, Miró E, Villar M. et al. Colonisation and infection due to Enterobacteriaceae producing plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases. J. Infect. 2012; 64: 176–183.
Seiffert SN, Hilty M, Kronenberg, Droz S, Perreten V, Endimiani A. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in community, specialized outpatient clinic and hospital settings in Switzerland. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2013; 68: 2249–2254.
