β-laktamazlar: Genel özellikler, Sınıflandırma ve Tarihçe
Özet
ß-laktam antibiyotiklere dirençte en sık görülen mekanizma, bu antibiyotiklerin ß-laktamaz enzimleri ile inaktivasyonudur. Bugüne değin çok sayıda ve farklı işlevleri olan ß-laktamazlar bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda ß-laktamazların etki mekanizması, tarihçesi ve sınıflandırımları özetlenmiştir.
The most common mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the inactivation of these antibiotics by β-lactamase enzymes. To date, many β-lactamases with different functions have been identified. This article provides a summary of the mechanism of action, history, and classification of β-lactamases.
Referanslar
Bradford PA, Castanheira M. Mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents in Pfaller MA, Carroll CK (Eds.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology 13th edition, Washington DC. ASM press, 2023:1375-1410.
Mora-Ochomogo M, Lohans CT. β-Lactam antibiotic targets and resistance mechanisms: from covalent inhibitors to substrates. RSC Med. Chem. 2021;12: 1623-1639. https://doi.org/ 10.1039/d1md00200g
Opal SM, Pop-Vicas Aurora. Molecular Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. and Blaser M. J. (Eds.) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2020:222- 239.
Bush K, Bradford PA. Epidemiology of β-lactamase-producing pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;33:e00047-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00047-19.
Bush K. Past and present perspectives on ß-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(10): e01076-18. https//doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01076-18.
Mathew A, Harris AM, Marshall MJ, Ross GW. The use of analytical isoelectric focusing for detection and identification of beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol. 1975 ;88(1):169-78. doi: 10.1099/00221287-88-1-169.
Gür D, Akalin HE, Baykal M, Doğrul F. Yeni kuşak beta-laktam antibiyotiklere dirençli Klebsiella ve Enterobacter suşlarinda "Isoelectric Focusing" yöntemi kullanilarak beta-laktamaz enzimlerinin tiplendirilmesi. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1992;26(1):1-11.
Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(4):933-51, doi: 10.1128/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001.
Bush K, Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39(6):1211-33. doi: 10.1128/AAC.39.6.121
Bush K, Jacoby GA. Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54(3):969-76. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01009-09. Epub 2009 Dec 7.
Livermore DM. ß-lactamases in Laboratory and Clinical Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8:557-584.
Hall BG, Barlow M. Evolution of the serine beta-lactamases: past, present and future. Drug Resist Updat. 2004;7:111–123. https://doi.org/101016/j.drup.2004.02.003.
Barlow M, Hall BG. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the OXA beta-lactamase genes have been on plasmids for millions of years. J Mol Evol. 2002;55:314 –321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2328-y.
Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034953. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 200114:933–951.
Cetin ET, Ang 0. Staphylococci resistant to methicillin (calbenin). Br Med J. 1962;51:2.
Akman M. Patojen stafilokoklarin antibiyotiklere direnç oranlarindaki artiş 1958-59, 1961-62 ve 1965-66 yillarinda 910 suş ve 5 antibiyotikle yaptiğimiz araştirmalara ait sonuçlarin mukayesesi. Turk Hij Tecr Biyol Derg (1961). 1966;26(3):234-44.
Gur D, Akalin HE, Baykal M. Resistance of gram negative bacteria to new generation cephalosporins and the role of beta-lactamases in this type of resistance. Mikrobiyol Bült 1988; 22:193-8.
Gür D, Pitt TL, Hall LMC, Akalın HE, Livermore DM. Diversity of klebsiellae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases at a Turkish University Hospital. J Hosp Infect 1992;22:163-166.
Hall LMC, Livermore DM, Gür D, Akova M, Akalın HE. OXA-11, an extended-spectrum variant of OXA-10 (PSE-2) -lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1637-1644.
Danel F, Hall LMC, Duke B, Gür D, Livermore DM. OXA-17, a further extended-spectrum variant of OXA-10 ß-lactamase, isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43: 1362-1366.
Danel F, Hall LMC, Gür D, Akalın HE, Livermore DM.Transferable production of PER-1 ß-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995;35:281-294.
Nordmann P, Ronco E, Naas T, Duport C, Michel-Briand Y, Labia R. characterization of a novel extended-spectrum ß-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:962-969.
Danel F, Hall LMC, Gür D, Akalın HE, Livermore DM.Transferable production of PER-1 ß-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995;35:281-294.
Castanheira M, Simner PJ, Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;16;3(3):dlab092. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab092.
Poirel L, Héritier C, Tolün V, Nordmann P. Emergence of oxacillinase-mediated resistance to imipenem in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(1):15-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.48.1.15-22.2004.
Bahar G, Mazzariol A, Koncan R et al. Detection of VIM-5 metallo-beta-lactamase in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate from Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54(1):282-3. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh321. Epub 2004 Jun 9.
Cicek AC, Duzgun AO, Saral A, Sandalli C. Determination of a novel integron-located variant (blaOXA-320) of Class D β-lactamase in Proteus mirabilis. J Basic Microbiol. 2014;54(10):1030-5. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201300264. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
Referanslar
Bradford PA, Castanheira M. Mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents in Pfaller MA, Carroll CK (Eds.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology 13th edition, Washington DC. ASM press, 2023:1375-1410.
Mora-Ochomogo M, Lohans CT. β-Lactam antibiotic targets and resistance mechanisms: from covalent inhibitors to substrates. RSC Med. Chem. 2021;12: 1623-1639. https://doi.org/ 10.1039/d1md00200g
Opal SM, Pop-Vicas Aurora. Molecular Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. and Blaser M. J. (Eds.) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2020:222- 239.
Bush K, Bradford PA. Epidemiology of β-lactamase-producing pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;33:e00047-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00047-19.
Bush K. Past and present perspectives on ß-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(10): e01076-18. https//doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01076-18.
Mathew A, Harris AM, Marshall MJ, Ross GW. The use of analytical isoelectric focusing for detection and identification of beta-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol. 1975 ;88(1):169-78. doi: 10.1099/00221287-88-1-169.
Gür D, Akalin HE, Baykal M, Doğrul F. Yeni kuşak beta-laktam antibiyotiklere dirençli Klebsiella ve Enterobacter suşlarinda "Isoelectric Focusing" yöntemi kullanilarak beta-laktamaz enzimlerinin tiplendirilmesi. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1992;26(1):1-11.
Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(4):933-51, doi: 10.1128/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001.
Bush K, Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39(6):1211-33. doi: 10.1128/AAC.39.6.121
Bush K, Jacoby GA. Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54(3):969-76. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01009-09. Epub 2009 Dec 7.
Livermore DM. ß-lactamases in Laboratory and Clinical Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8:557-584.
Hall BG, Barlow M. Evolution of the serine beta-lactamases: past, present and future. Drug Resist Updat. 2004;7:111–123. https://doi.org/101016/j.drup.2004.02.003.
Barlow M, Hall BG. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the OXA beta-lactamase genes have been on plasmids for millions of years. J Mol Evol. 2002;55:314 –321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2328-y.
Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034953. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 200114:933–951.
Cetin ET, Ang 0. Staphylococci resistant to methicillin (calbenin). Br Med J. 1962;51:2.
Akman M. Patojen stafilokoklarin antibiyotiklere direnç oranlarindaki artiş 1958-59, 1961-62 ve 1965-66 yillarinda 910 suş ve 5 antibiyotikle yaptiğimiz araştirmalara ait sonuçlarin mukayesesi. Turk Hij Tecr Biyol Derg (1961). 1966;26(3):234-44.
Gur D, Akalin HE, Baykal M. Resistance of gram negative bacteria to new generation cephalosporins and the role of beta-lactamases in this type of resistance. Mikrobiyol Bült 1988; 22:193-8.
Gür D, Pitt TL, Hall LMC, Akalın HE, Livermore DM. Diversity of klebsiellae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases at a Turkish University Hospital. J Hosp Infect 1992;22:163-166.
Hall LMC, Livermore DM, Gür D, Akova M, Akalın HE. OXA-11, an extended-spectrum variant of OXA-10 (PSE-2) -lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1637-1644.
Danel F, Hall LMC, Duke B, Gür D, Livermore DM. OXA-17, a further extended-spectrum variant of OXA-10 ß-lactamase, isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43: 1362-1366.
Danel F, Hall LMC, Gür D, Akalın HE, Livermore DM.Transferable production of PER-1 ß-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995;35:281-294.
Nordmann P, Ronco E, Naas T, Duport C, Michel-Briand Y, Labia R. characterization of a novel extended-spectrum ß-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:962-969.
Danel F, Hall LMC, Gür D, Akalın HE, Livermore DM.Transferable production of PER-1 ß-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995;35:281-294.
Castanheira M, Simner PJ, Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;16;3(3):dlab092. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab092.
Poirel L, Héritier C, Tolün V, Nordmann P. Emergence of oxacillinase-mediated resistance to imipenem in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(1):15-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.48.1.15-22.2004.
Bahar G, Mazzariol A, Koncan R et al. Detection of VIM-5 metallo-beta-lactamase in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate from Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54(1):282-3. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh321. Epub 2004 Jun 9.
Cicek AC, Duzgun AO, Saral A, Sandalli C. Determination of a novel integron-located variant (blaOXA-320) of Class D β-lactamase in Proteus mirabilis. J Basic Microbiol. 2014;54(10):1030-5. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201300264. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
