Sarkopeniye Algoritmik Yaklaşım

Schaap LA, Van Schoor NM, Lips P, Visser M. Associations of sarcopenia definitions, and their components, with the incidence of recurrent falling and fractures: the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2018;73(9):1199–204.

Ibrahim K, May C, Patel HP, Baxter M, Sayer AA, Roberts H. A feasibility study of implementing grip strength measurement into routine hospital practice (GRImP): study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2016;2(1):27.

Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Orlandini A, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The lancet. 2015;386(9990):266–73.

Alley DE, Shardell MD, Peters KW, McLean RR, Dam TTL, Kenny AM, et al. Grip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weakness. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2014;69(5):559–66.

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Orav JE, Kanis JA, Rizzoli R, Schlögl M, Staehelin HB, et al. Comparative performance of current definitions of sarcopenia against the prospective incidence of falls among community-dwelling seniors age 65 and older. Osteoporosis International. 2015;26(12):2793–802.

Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Morley JE. SARC‐F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(1):28–36.

Morley JE, Abbatecola AM, Argiles JM, Baracos V, Bauer J, Bhasin S, et al. Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12(6):403–9.

Sieber CC. Malnutrition and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(6):793–8.

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31.

Polito A, Barnaba L, Ciarapica D, Azzini E. Osteosarcopenia: a narrative review on clinical studies. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(10):5591.

Locquet M, Beaudart C, Bruyère O, Kanis JA, Delandsheere L, Reginster JY. Bone health assessment in older people with or without muscle health impairment. Osteoporosis International. 2018;29(5):1057–67.

Huo YR, Suriyaarachchi P, Gomez F, Curcio CL, Boersma D, Muir SW, et al. Phenotype of osteosarcopenia in older individuals with a history of falling. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(4):290–5.

Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Arai H, Kritchevsky SB, Guralnik J, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(10):1148–61.

Bahat G, Yilmaz O, Kilià C, Oren MM, Karan MA. Performance of SARC-F in regard to sarcopenia definitions, muscle mass and functional measures. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(8):898–903.

Bahat G, Oren MM, Yilmaz O, Kilià C, Aydin K, Karan MA. Comparing SARC-F with SARC-CalF to screen sarcopenia in community living older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(9):1034–8.

Krzymińska-Siemaszko R, Deskur-Śmielecka E, Kaluźniak-Szymanowska A, Murawiak M, Wieczorowska-Tobis K. Comparison of diagnostic value of the SARC-F and its four modified versions in polish community-dwelling older adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2023;783–97.

Ishii S et al. Development of a simple screening test for sarcopenia in older adults. Geriatrics & gerontology internationa. 2014;93–101.

Francis P, Toomey C, Mc Cormack W, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Measurement of maximal isometric torque and muscle quality of the knee extensors and flexors in healthy 50‐to 70‐year‐old women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017;37(4):448–55.

Beaudart C, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Cesari M, Rolland Y, Rizzoli R, et al. Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):170.

Cesari M, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Penninx BW, et al. Added value of physical performance measures in predicting adverse health‐related events: results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(2):251–9.

Jones CJ, Rikli RE, Beam WC. A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999;70(2):113–9.

Mourtzakis M, Prado CMM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2008;33(5):997–1006.

Kim EY, Kim YS, Park I, Ahn HK, Cho EK, Jeong YM. Prognostic significance of CT-determined sarcopenia in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2015;10(12):1795–9.

Jung Lee S, Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Relation between whole-body and regional measures of human skeletal muscle. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(5):1215–21.

Baracos VE, Reiman T, Mourtzakis M, Gioulbasanis I, Antoun S. Body composition in patients with non− small cell lung cancer: a contemporary view of cancer cachexia with the use of computed tomography image analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):1133S-1137S.

Kim KM, Jang HC, Lim S. Differences among skeletal muscle mass indices derived from height-, weight-, and body mass index-adjusted models in assessing sarcopenia. Korean J Intern Med. 2016;31(4):643.

Buckinx F, Landi F, Cesari M, Fielding RA, Visser M, Engelke K, et al. Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9(2):269–78.

Masanés F, Rojano i Luque X, Salva A, Serra-Rexach JA, Artaza I, Formiga F, et al. Cut-off points for muscle mass—not grip strength or gait speed—determine variations in sarcopenia prevalence. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(7):825–9.

Hull H, He Q, Thornton J, Javed F, Allen L, Wang J, et al. iDXA, Prodigy, and DPXL dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans: a cross-calibration study. Journal of clinical densitometry. 2009;12(1):95–102.

Achamrah N, Colange G, Delay J, Rimbert A, Folope V, Petit A, et al. Comparison of body composition assessment by DXA and BIA according to the body mass index: A retrospective study on 3655 measures. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200465.

Albano D, Messina C, Vitale J, Sconfienza LM. Imaging of sarcopenia: old evidence and new insights. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(4):2199–208.

Rossi AP, Fantin F, Micciolo R, Bertocchi M, Bertassello P, Zanandrea V, et al. Identifying sarcopenia in acute care setting patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(4):303-e7.

Yamada Y, Nishizawa M, Uchiyama T, Kasahara Y, Shindo M, Miyachi M, et al. Developing and validating an age-independent equation using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass and establishing a cutoff for sarcopenia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(7):809.

Sergi G, De Rui M, Veronese N, Bolzetta F, Berton L, Carraro S, et al. Assessing appendicular skeletal muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in free-living Caucasian older adults. Clinical nutrition. 2015;34(4):667–73.

Gonzalez MC, Heymsfield SB. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for diagnosing sarcopenia and cachexia: what are we really estimating? Vol. 8, Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. Wiley Online Library; 2017. p. 187–9.

Yu SCY, Powell A, Khow KSF, Visvanathan R. The performance of five bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations against dual X-ray absorptiometry in estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in an adult Australian population. Nutrients. 2016;8(4):189.

Reiss J, Iglseder B, Kreutzer M, Weilbuchner I, Treschnitzer W, Kässmann H, et al. Case finding for sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients: performance of bioimpedance analysis in comparison to dual X-ray absorptiometry. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):52.

Tosato M, Marzetti E, Cesari M, Savera G, Miller RR, Bernabei R, et al. Measurement of muscle mass in sarcopenia: from imaging to biochemical markers. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(1):19–27.

Landi F, Onder G, Russo A, Liperoti R, Tosato M, Martone AM, et al. Calf circumference, frailty and physical performance among older adults living in the community. Clinical nutrition. 2014;33(3):539–44.

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Maggio M, Ceda GP, Ticinesi A, De Vita F, Gelmini G, Costantino C, et al. Instrumental and non-instrumental evaluation of 4-meter walking speed in older individuals. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0153583.

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Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412–23.

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Perkisas S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beckwée D, De Cock AM, Hobbelen H, et al. Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: towards standardized measurements. Eur Geriatr Med. 2018;9(6):739–57.

Galindo Martín CA, Monares Zepeda E, Lescas Méndez OA. Bedside ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris: a tutorial for the nutrition support clinician. J Nutr Metab. 2017;2017(1):2767232.

Ticinesi A, Narici M V, Lauretani F, Nouvenne A, Colizzi E, Mantovani M, et al. Assessing sarcopenia with vastus lateralis muscle ultrasound: an operative protocol. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(12):1437–43.

Beaudart C, Biver E, Reginster J, Rizzoli R, Rolland Y, Bautmans I, et al. Validation of the SarQoL®, a specific health‐related quality of life questionnaire for Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(2):238–44.

Beaudart C, Biver E, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Rolland Y, Bautmans I, et al. Development of a self-administrated quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia in elderly subjects: the SarQoL. Age Ageing. 2015;44(6):960–6.

Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Geerinck A, Locquet M, Bruyère O. Current review of the SarQoL®: a health-related quality of life questionnaire specific to sarcopenia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2017;17(4):335–41.

Beaudart C, Locquet M, Reginster JY, Delandsheere L, Petermans J, Bruyère O. Quality of life in sarcopenia measured with the SarQoL®: impact of the use of different diagnosis definitions. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(4):307–13.

Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Benzeval M, Deary IJ, Dennison EM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113637.

Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, Anker SD, Aprahamian I, Arai H, et al. International exercise recommendations in older adults (ICFSR): expert consensus guidelines. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(7):824–53.

Otsuka Y, Yamada Y, Maeda A, Izumo T, Rogi T, Shibata H, et al. Effects of resistance training intensity on muscle quantity/quality in middle‐aged and older people: a randomized controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(2):894–908.

Lichtenberg T, Von Stengel S, Sieber C, Kemmler W. The favorable effects of a high-intensity resistance training on sarcopenia in older community-dwelling men with osteosarcopenia: the randomized controlled FrOST study. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;2173–86.

Flor-Rufino C, Barrachina-Igual J, Pérez-Ros P, Pablos-Monzó A, Sanz-Requena R, Martínez-Arnau FM. Fat infiltration and muscle hydration improve after high-intensity resistance training in women with sarcopenia. A randomized clinical trial. Maturitas. 2023;168:29–36.

Cheng R, Maloney A, Moran J, Newman TH, Gardner EC. Resistance training as treatment for sarcopenia: examining sex-related differences in physiology and response. Clin Ther. 2022;44(1):33–40.

Lazarus NR, Izquierdo M, Higginson IJ, Harridge SDR. Exercise deficiency diseases of ageing: the primacy of exercise and muscle strengthening as first-line therapeutic agents to combat frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(9):741–3.

Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24(9):607–32.

Serra‐Rexach JA, Bustamante‐Ara N, Hierro Villaran M, Gonzalez Gil P, Sanz Ibanez MJ, Blanco Sanz N, et al. Short‐term, light‐to moderate‐intensity exercise training improves leg muscle strength in the oldest old: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(4):594–602.

D’Hulst G, Masschelein E, De Bock K. Resistance exercise enhances long-term mTORC1 sensitivity to leucine. Mol Metab. 2022;66:101615.

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Nakahara S, Takasaki M, Abe S, Kakitani C, Nishioka S, Wakabayashi H, et al. Aggressive nutrition therapy in malnutrition and sarcopenia. Nutrition. 2021;84:111109.

Semenova EA, Pranckevičienė E, Bondareva EA, Gabdrakhmanova LJ, Ahmetov II. Identification and characterization of genomic predictors of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity using UK biobank data. Nutrients. 2023;15(3):758.

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Murphy CH, McCarthy SN, Roche HM. Nutrition strategies to counteract sarcopenia: a focus on protein, LC n-3 PUFA and precision nutrition. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2023;82(3):419–31.

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Wang Z, Xu X, Gao S, Wu C, Song Q, Shi Z, et al. Effects of internet-based nutrition and exercise interventions on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2458.

Kakehi S, Wakabayashi H, Inuma H, Inose T, Shioya M, Aoyama Y, et al. Rehabilitation nutrition and exercise therapy for sarcopenia. World J Mens Health. 2021;40(1):1.

Verlaan S, Maier AB, Bauer JM, Bautmans I, Brandt K, Donini LM, et al. Sufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and protein intake required to increase muscle mass in sarcopenic older adults–The PROVIDE study. Clinical Nutrition. 2018;37(2):551–7.

Cho MR, Lee S, Song SK. A review of sarcopenia pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and future direction. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37(18).

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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: a cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;35:200–21.

Barbat-Artigas S, Pion CH, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Rolland Y, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Exploring the role of muscle mass, obesity, and age in the relationship between muscle quality and physical function. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(4):303-e13.

Tian S, Xu Y. Association of sarcopenic obesity with the risk of all‐cause mortality: a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016;16(2):155–66.

Newman AB, Haggerty CL, Goodpaster B, Harris T, Kritchevsky S, Nevitt M, et al. Strength and muscle quality in a well‐functioning cohort of older adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(3):323–30.

Habboub B, Speer R, Gosch M, Singler K. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2025;122(5).

Wei S, Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Ryu D, Gariani K. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1185221.

Schaap LA, Van Schoor NM, Lips P, Visser M. Associations of sarcopenia definitions, and their components, with the incidence of recurrent falling and fractures: the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2018;73(9):1199–204.

Ibrahim K, May C, Patel HP, Baxter M, Sayer AA, Roberts H. A feasibility study of implementing grip strength measurement into routine hospital practice (GRImP): study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2016;2(1):27.

Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Orlandini A, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The lancet. 2015;386(9990):266–73.

Alley DE, Shardell MD, Peters KW, McLean RR, Dam TTL, Kenny AM, et al. Grip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weakness. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2014;69(5):559–66.

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Orav JE, Kanis JA, Rizzoli R, Schlögl M, Staehelin HB, et al. Comparative performance of current definitions of sarcopenia against the prospective incidence of falls among community-dwelling seniors age 65 and older. Osteoporosis International. 2015;26(12):2793–802.

Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Morley JE. SARC‐F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(1):28–36.

Morley JE, Abbatecola AM, Argiles JM, Baracos V, Bauer J, Bhasin S, et al. Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12(6):403–9.

Sieber CC. Malnutrition and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(6):793–8.

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31.

Polito A, Barnaba L, Ciarapica D, Azzini E. Osteosarcopenia: a narrative review on clinical studies. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(10):5591.

Locquet M, Beaudart C, Bruyère O, Kanis JA, Delandsheere L, Reginster JY. Bone health assessment in older people with or without muscle health impairment. Osteoporosis International. 2018;29(5):1057–67.

Huo YR, Suriyaarachchi P, Gomez F, Curcio CL, Boersma D, Muir SW, et al. Phenotype of osteosarcopenia in older individuals with a history of falling. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(4):290–5.

Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Arai H, Kritchevsky SB, Guralnik J, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(10):1148–61.

Bahat G, Yilmaz O, Kilià C, Oren MM, Karan MA. Performance of SARC-F in regard to sarcopenia definitions, muscle mass and functional measures. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(8):898–903.

Bahat G, Oren MM, Yilmaz O, Kilià C, Aydin K, Karan MA. Comparing SARC-F with SARC-CalF to screen sarcopenia in community living older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(9):1034–8.

Krzymińska-Siemaszko R, Deskur-Śmielecka E, Kaluźniak-Szymanowska A, Murawiak M, Wieczorowska-Tobis K. Comparison of diagnostic value of the SARC-F and its four modified versions in polish community-dwelling older adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2023;783–97.

Ishii S et al. Development of a simple screening test for sarcopenia in older adults. Geriatrics & gerontology internationa. 2014;93–101.

Francis P, Toomey C, Mc Cormack W, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Measurement of maximal isometric torque and muscle quality of the knee extensors and flexors in healthy 50‐to 70‐year‐old women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017;37(4):448–55.

Beaudart C, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Cesari M, Rolland Y, Rizzoli R, et al. Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):170.

Cesari M, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Penninx BW, et al. Added value of physical performance measures in predicting adverse health‐related events: results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(2):251–9.

Jones CJ, Rikli RE, Beam WC. A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999;70(2):113–9.

Mourtzakis M, Prado CMM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2008;33(5):997–1006.

Kim EY, Kim YS, Park I, Ahn HK, Cho EK, Jeong YM. Prognostic significance of CT-determined sarcopenia in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2015;10(12):1795–9.

Jung Lee S, Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Relation between whole-body and regional measures of human skeletal muscle. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(5):1215–21.

Baracos VE, Reiman T, Mourtzakis M, Gioulbasanis I, Antoun S. Body composition in patients with non− small cell lung cancer: a contemporary view of cancer cachexia with the use of computed tomography image analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):1133S-1137S.

Kim KM, Jang HC, Lim S. Differences among skeletal muscle mass indices derived from height-, weight-, and body mass index-adjusted models in assessing sarcopenia. Korean J Intern Med. 2016;31(4):643.

Buckinx F, Landi F, Cesari M, Fielding RA, Visser M, Engelke K, et al. Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9(2):269–78.

Masanés F, Rojano i Luque X, Salva A, Serra-Rexach JA, Artaza I, Formiga F, et al. Cut-off points for muscle mass—not grip strength or gait speed—determine variations in sarcopenia prevalence. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(7):825–9.

Hull H, He Q, Thornton J, Javed F, Allen L, Wang J, et al. iDXA, Prodigy, and DPXL dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans: a cross-calibration study. Journal of clinical densitometry. 2009;12(1):95–102.

Achamrah N, Colange G, Delay J, Rimbert A, Folope V, Petit A, et al. Comparison of body composition assessment by DXA and BIA according to the body mass index: A retrospective study on 3655 measures. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200465.

Albano D, Messina C, Vitale J, Sconfienza LM. Imaging of sarcopenia: old evidence and new insights. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(4):2199–208.

Rossi AP, Fantin F, Micciolo R, Bertocchi M, Bertassello P, Zanandrea V, et al. Identifying sarcopenia in acute care setting patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(4):303-e7.

Yamada Y, Nishizawa M, Uchiyama T, Kasahara Y, Shindo M, Miyachi M, et al. Developing and validating an age-independent equation using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass and establishing a cutoff for sarcopenia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(7):809.

Sergi G, De Rui M, Veronese N, Bolzetta F, Berton L, Carraro S, et al. Assessing appendicular skeletal muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in free-living Caucasian older adults. Clinical nutrition. 2015;34(4):667–73.

Gonzalez MC, Heymsfield SB. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for diagnosing sarcopenia and cachexia: what are we really estimating? Vol. 8, Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. Wiley Online Library; 2017. p. 187–9.

Yu SCY, Powell A, Khow KSF, Visvanathan R. The performance of five bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations against dual X-ray absorptiometry in estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in an adult Australian population. Nutrients. 2016;8(4):189.

Reiss J, Iglseder B, Kreutzer M, Weilbuchner I, Treschnitzer W, Kässmann H, et al. Case finding for sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients: performance of bioimpedance analysis in comparison to dual X-ray absorptiometry. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):52.

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