Monoartrite Algoritmik Yaklaşım: Septik ve Diğer Artritler

Hübscher O. Pattern recognition in arthritis sixth ed. Michael E. Weinblatt MHW, editor: Mosby; 2015.

Cibere J. Rheumatology: 4. Acute monoarthritis. Cmaj. 2000;162(11):1577-1583.

Goldenberg DL. Septic arthritis. Lancet. 1998;351(9097):197-202. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)09522-6

Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, et al. Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(12):1819-1825. doi:10.1002/art.1780381215

Clerc O, Prod'hom G, Greub G, et al. Adult native septic arthritis: a review of 10 years of experience and lessons for empirical antibiotic therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(5):1168-1173. doi:10.1093/jac/dkr047

Schumacher HR. Crystal-induced arthritis: an overview. Am J Med. 1996;100(2a):46s-52s. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89546-0

Macmullan P, McCarthy G. Treatment and management of pseudogout: insights for the clinician. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012;4(2):121-131. doi:10.1177/1759720x11432559

Reginato AJ, Schumacher HR, Allan DA, et al. Acute monoarthritis associated with lipid liquid crystals. Ann Rheum Dis. 1985;44(8):537-543. doi:10.1136/ard.44.8.537

Siva C, Velazquez C, Mody A, et al. Diagnosing acute monoarthritis in adults: a practical approach for the family physician. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(1):83-90.

Abramoff B, Caldera FE. Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am. 2020;104(2):293-311. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007

Ma L, Cranney A, Holroyd-Leduc JM. Acute monoarthritis: what is the cause of my patient's painful swollen joint? Cmaj. 2009;180(1):59-65. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080183

Guidelines for the initial evaluation of the adult patient with acute musculoskeletal symptoms. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Clinical Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(1):1-8. doi:10.1002/art.1780390102

Sneh E, Pras M, Michaeli D, et al. Protracted arthritis in familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1977;16(2):102-106. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/16.2.102

Spilberg I, Siltzbach LE, McEwen C. The arthritis of sarcoidosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1969;12(2):126-137. doi:10.1002/art.1780120209

Till SH, Snaith ML. Assessment, investigation, and management of acute monoarthritis. J Accid Emerg Med. 1999;16(5):355-361. doi:10.1136/emj.16.5.355

Goldenberg DL. Infectious arthritis complicating rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic rheumatic disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32(4):496-502. doi:10.1002/anr.1780320422

Ellis JM. Acute monoarthritis. Jaapa. 2019;32(3):25-31. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000553379.52389.eb

Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, et al. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis? Jama. 2007;297(13):1478-1488. doi:10.1001/jama.297.13.1478

Yu KH, Luo SF, Liou LB, et al. Concomitant septic and gouty arthritis--an analysis of 30 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(9):1062-1066. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg297

Mathews CJ, Kingsley G, Field M, et al. Management of septic arthritis: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(4):440-445. doi:10.1136/ard.2006.058909

Byng-Maddick R, Jeyalingam L, Keat A. Management of persistent inflammatory large joint monoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(12):1657-1662. doi:10.1007/s10067-012-2104-3

Mohana-Borges AV, Chung CB, Resnick D. Monoarticular arthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42(1):135-149. doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00168-4

Tarkowski A. Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Infectious arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006;20(6):1029-1044. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.001

Mathews CJ, Weston VC, Jones A, et al. Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet. 2010;375(9717):846-855. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61595-6

Schindler M, Huber L, Walter N, et al. Survival and risk factor analysis in patients with septic arthritis: a retrospective study of 192 cases. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25(1):374. doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10316-0

Horowitz DL, Katzap E, Horowitz S, et al. Approach to septic arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(6):653-660.

Cooper C, Cawley MI. Bacterial arthritis in an English health district: a 10 year review. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45(6):458-463. doi:10.1136/ard.45.6.458

Shirtliff ME, Mader JT. Acute septic arthritis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15(4):527-544. doi:10.1128/cmr.15.4.527-544.2002

Ryan MJ, Kavanagh R, Wall PG, et al. Bacterial joint infections in England and Wales: analysis of bacterial isolates over a four year period. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36(3):370-373. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/36.3.370

Castellazzi L, Mantero M, Esposito S. Update on the Management of Pediatric Acute Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(6). doi:10.3390/ijms17060855

Montgomery NI, Epps HR. Pediatric Septic Arthritis. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2017;48(2):209-216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2016.12.008

Rutz E, Spoerri M. Septic arthritis of the paediatric hip - A review of current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic concepts. Acta Orthop Belg. 2013;79(2):123-134.

Paosong S, Narongroeknawin P, Pakchotanon R, et al. Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in patients with acute bacterial septic arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18(3):352-359. doi:10.1111/1756-185x.12496

Trampuz A, Hanssen AD, Osmon DR, et al. Synovial fluid leukocyte count and differential for the diagnosis of prosthetic knee infection. Am J Med. 2004;117(8):556-562. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.06.022

DeMarco G, Chargui M, Coulin B, et al. Kingella kingae Osteoarticular Infections Approached through the Prism of the Pediatric Orthopedist. Microorganisms. 2021;10(1). doi:10.3390/microorganisms10010025

Graif M, Schweitzer ME, Deely D, et al. The septic versus nonseptic inflamed joint: MRI characteristics. Skeletal Radiol. 1999;28(11):616-620. doi:10.1007/s002560050562

Pioro MH, Mandell BF. Septic arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1997;23(2):239-258. doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70328-8

BOLUKÇU S. Akut Enfeksiyöz (Septik) Artritler. Turkiye Klinikleri Infectious Diseases-Special Topics. 2024;17(6):1-5.

O'Brien JP, Goldenberg DL, Rice PA. Disseminated gonococcal infection: a prospective analysis of 49 patients and a review of pathophysiology and immune mechanisms. Medicine (Baltimore). 1983;62(6):395-406.

Cucurull E, Espinoza LR. Gonococcal arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1998;24(2):305-322. doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70011-9

Liebling MR, Arkfeld DG, Michelini GA, et al. Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in synovial fluid using the polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37(5):702-709. doi:10.1002/art.1780370514

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1-187. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1

Mousa AR, Muhtaseb SA, Almudallal DS, et al. Osteoarticular complications of brucellosis: a study of 169 cases. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(3):531-543. doi:10.1093/clinids/9.3.531

Günal Ö, Bahadır-Ülger FE, Barut Ş, et al. Osteoartiküler Bruselloz. Klimik Journal/Klimik Dergisi. 2011;24(2).

Gardam M, Lim S. Mycobacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005;19(4):819-830. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.008

Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):e147-e195. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw376

Steere AC, Strle F, Wormser GP, et al. Lyme borreliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16090. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.90

Steere AC. Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(2):115-125. doi:10.1056/nejm200107123450207

Hu L. Lyme arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005;19(4):947-961. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.007

Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995;44(31):590-591.

Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(1):1-8. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab049

Horton DB, Taxter AJ, Davidow AL, et al. Intraarticular Glucocorticoid Injection as Second-line Treatment for Lyme Arthritis in Children. J Rheumatol. 2019;46(8):952-959. doi:10.3899/jrheum.180829

Smith JW, Chalupa P, Shabaz Hasan M. Infectious arthritis: clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12(4):309-314. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01366.x

Stahl HD, Hubner B, Seidl B, et al. Detection of multiple viral DNA species in synovial tissue and fluid of patients with early arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(5):342-346. doi:10.1136/ard.59.5.342

Marks M, Marks JL. Viral arthritis. Clinical medicine. 2016;16(2):129-134.

Bariteau JT, Waryasz GR, McDonnell M, et al. Fungal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22(6):390-401. doi:10.5435/jaaos-22-06-390

Mishra A, Juneja D. Fungal arthritis: A challenging clinical entity. World J Orthop. 2023;14(2):55-63. doi:10.5312/wjo.v14.i2.55

Hübscher O. Pattern recognition in arthritis sixth ed. Michael E. Weinblatt MHW, editor: Mosby; 2015.

Cibere J. Rheumatology: 4. Acute monoarthritis. Cmaj. 2000;162(11):1577-1583.

Goldenberg DL. Septic arthritis. Lancet. 1998;351(9097):197-202. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)09522-6

Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, et al. Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(12):1819-1825. doi:10.1002/art.1780381215

Clerc O, Prod'hom G, Greub G, et al. Adult native septic arthritis: a review of 10 years of experience and lessons for empirical antibiotic therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(5):1168-1173. doi:10.1093/jac/dkr047

Schumacher HR. Crystal-induced arthritis: an overview. Am J Med. 1996;100(2a):46s-52s. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89546-0

Macmullan P, McCarthy G. Treatment and management of pseudogout: insights for the clinician. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012;4(2):121-131. doi:10.1177/1759720x11432559

Reginato AJ, Schumacher HR, Allan DA, et al. Acute monoarthritis associated with lipid liquid crystals. Ann Rheum Dis. 1985;44(8):537-543. doi:10.1136/ard.44.8.537

Siva C, Velazquez C, Mody A, et al. Diagnosing acute monoarthritis in adults: a practical approach for the family physician. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(1):83-90.

Abramoff B, Caldera FE. Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am. 2020;104(2):293-311. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007

Ma L, Cranney A, Holroyd-Leduc JM. Acute monoarthritis: what is the cause of my patient's painful swollen joint? Cmaj. 2009;180(1):59-65. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080183

Guidelines for the initial evaluation of the adult patient with acute musculoskeletal symptoms. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Clinical Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(1):1-8. doi:10.1002/art.1780390102

Sneh E, Pras M, Michaeli D, et al. Protracted arthritis in familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1977;16(2):102-106. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/16.2.102

Spilberg I, Siltzbach LE, McEwen C. The arthritis of sarcoidosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1969;12(2):126-137. doi:10.1002/art.1780120209

Till SH, Snaith ML. Assessment, investigation, and management of acute monoarthritis. J Accid Emerg Med. 1999;16(5):355-361. doi:10.1136/emj.16.5.355

Goldenberg DL. Infectious arthritis complicating rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic rheumatic disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32(4):496-502. doi:10.1002/anr.1780320422

Ellis JM. Acute monoarthritis. Jaapa. 2019;32(3):25-31. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000553379.52389.eb

Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, et al. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis? Jama. 2007;297(13):1478-1488. doi:10.1001/jama.297.13.1478

Yu KH, Luo SF, Liou LB, et al. Concomitant septic and gouty arthritis--an analysis of 30 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(9):1062-1066. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg297

Mathews CJ, Kingsley G, Field M, et al. Management of septic arthritis: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(4):440-445. doi:10.1136/ard.2006.058909

Byng-Maddick R, Jeyalingam L, Keat A. Management of persistent inflammatory large joint monoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(12):1657-1662. doi:10.1007/s10067-012-2104-3

Mohana-Borges AV, Chung CB, Resnick D. Monoarticular arthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42(1):135-149. doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00168-4

Tarkowski A. Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Infectious arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006;20(6):1029-1044. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.001

Mathews CJ, Weston VC, Jones A, et al. Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet. 2010;375(9717):846-855. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61595-6

Schindler M, Huber L, Walter N, et al. Survival and risk factor analysis in patients with septic arthritis: a retrospective study of 192 cases. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25(1):374. doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10316-0

Horowitz DL, Katzap E, Horowitz S, et al. Approach to septic arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(6):653-660.

Cooper C, Cawley MI. Bacterial arthritis in an English health district: a 10 year review. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45(6):458-463. doi:10.1136/ard.45.6.458

Shirtliff ME, Mader JT. Acute septic arthritis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15(4):527-544. doi:10.1128/cmr.15.4.527-544.2002

Ryan MJ, Kavanagh R, Wall PG, et al. Bacterial joint infections in England and Wales: analysis of bacterial isolates over a four year period. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36(3):370-373. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/36.3.370

Castellazzi L, Mantero M, Esposito S. Update on the Management of Pediatric Acute Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(6). doi:10.3390/ijms17060855

Montgomery NI, Epps HR. Pediatric Septic Arthritis. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2017;48(2):209-216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2016.12.008

Rutz E, Spoerri M. Septic arthritis of the paediatric hip - A review of current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic concepts. Acta Orthop Belg. 2013;79(2):123-134.

Paosong S, Narongroeknawin P, Pakchotanon R, et al. Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in patients with acute bacterial septic arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18(3):352-359. doi:10.1111/1756-185x.12496

Trampuz A, Hanssen AD, Osmon DR, et al. Synovial fluid leukocyte count and differential for the diagnosis of prosthetic knee infection. Am J Med. 2004;117(8):556-562. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.06.022

DeMarco G, Chargui M, Coulin B, et al. Kingella kingae Osteoarticular Infections Approached through the Prism of the Pediatric Orthopedist. Microorganisms. 2021;10(1). doi:10.3390/microorganisms10010025

Graif M, Schweitzer ME, Deely D, et al. The septic versus nonseptic inflamed joint: MRI characteristics. Skeletal Radiol. 1999;28(11):616-620. doi:10.1007/s002560050562

Pioro MH, Mandell BF. Septic arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1997;23(2):239-258. doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70328-8

BOLUKÇU S. Akut Enfeksiyöz (Septik) Artritler. Turkiye Klinikleri Infectious Diseases-Special Topics. 2024;17(6):1-5.

O'Brien JP, Goldenberg DL, Rice PA. Disseminated gonococcal infection: a prospective analysis of 49 patients and a review of pathophysiology and immune mechanisms. Medicine (Baltimore). 1983;62(6):395-406.

Cucurull E, Espinoza LR. Gonococcal arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1998;24(2):305-322. doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70011-9

Liebling MR, Arkfeld DG, Michelini GA, et al. Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in synovial fluid using the polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37(5):702-709. doi:10.1002/art.1780370514

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1-187. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1

Mousa AR, Muhtaseb SA, Almudallal DS, et al. Osteoarticular complications of brucellosis: a study of 169 cases. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(3):531-543. doi:10.1093/clinids/9.3.531

Günal Ö, Bahadır-Ülger FE, Barut Ş, et al. Osteoartiküler Bruselloz. Klimik Journal/Klimik Dergisi. 2011;24(2).

Gardam M, Lim S. Mycobacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005;19(4):819-830. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.008

Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):e147-e195. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw376

Steere AC, Strle F, Wormser GP, et al. Lyme borreliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16090. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.90

Steere AC. Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(2):115-125. doi:10.1056/nejm200107123450207

Hu L. Lyme arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005;19(4):947-961. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.007

Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995;44(31):590-591.

Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(1):1-8. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab049

Horton DB, Taxter AJ, Davidow AL, et al. Intraarticular Glucocorticoid Injection as Second-line Treatment for Lyme Arthritis in Children. J Rheumatol. 2019;46(8):952-959. doi:10.3899/jrheum.180829

Smith JW, Chalupa P, Shabaz Hasan M. Infectious arthritis: clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12(4):309-314. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01366.x

Stahl HD, Hubner B, Seidl B, et al. Detection of multiple viral DNA species in synovial tissue and fluid of patients with early arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(5):342-346. doi:10.1136/ard.59.5.342

Marks M, Marks JL. Viral arthritis. Clinical medicine. 2016;16(2):129-134.

Bariteau JT, Waryasz GR, McDonnell M, et al. Fungal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22(6):390-401. doi:10.5435/jaaos-22-06-390

Mishra A, Juneja D. Fungal arthritis: A challenging clinical entity. World J Orthop. 2023;14(2):55-63. doi:10.5312/wjo.v14.i2.55