Boyun Ağrısına Algoritmik Yaklaşım

. Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, Buchbinder R, Mansournia MA, Bettampadi D, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain in the general population, 1990-2017: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. BMJ. 2020;368:m791.

Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD, Schubert J, Nygren A. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders: executive summary. Spine. 2008;33:S5–S7.

Spitzer WO. Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Redefining ‘whiplash’ and its management. Spine. 1995;20:1–73.

Murray CJ, Atkinson C, BhaHa K, et al., U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators. The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors JAMA 2013,310(6)591-608

Hoy D, March L,Woolf A, Blyth F, Brooks P, Smith E, et al. The global burden of neck pain: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1309–1315.

Borghouts JA, Koes BW, Vondeling H, Bouter LM. Cost-of-illness of neck pain in The Netherlands in 1996. pain 1999;80:629-36.

Vasseljen O, Woodhouse A, Bjorngaard JH, et al. Natural course of acute neck and low back pain in the general population: the HUNT study Pain 2013,154(8)1237-1244

Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD. Findings from the bone and joint decade 2000 to 2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders. J Occup Environ Med 2010;52:424-27.

Hin J, Lewis M, papageorgiou AC, Dziedzic K, Croft R predicting persistent neck pain: a 1-year follow-up of a population cohort. Spine 2004;29:1648-54.

Hoy DG, protani M, De R, Buchbinder R. The epidemiology of neck pain. Best pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010;24:783-92.

Cohen SP. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neck pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2015,90(2)284-299.

Walton DM, Macdermid JC, Giorgianni AA, Mascarenhas JC, West SC, Zammit CA. Risk factors for persistent problems following acute whiplash injury: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43:31–43.

Hush JM, Lin CC, Michaleff ZA, Verhagen A, Refshauge KM. prognosis of acute idiopathic neck pain is poor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:824-29.

McLain RF, Kapural L, Mekhail NA. Epidural steroid therapy for back and leg pain: mechanisms of action and efficacy. Spine J 2005;5:191-201.

Wainner RS, Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ, Boninger ML, Delitto A, Allison S. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine. 2003;28:52–62.

Cohen SP, Hooten WM. Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain. BMJ. 2017,358:j3221.

Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Verhagen AP, Rebbeck T, Lin CW. Accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule and NEXUS to screen for clinically important cervical spine injury in patients following blunt trauma: a systematic review. CMAJ. 2012;184:E867–E876.

International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). Cervical Framework. https://www.ifompt.org/site/ifompt/IFOMPT%20Cervical% 20Framework%20final%20September%202020.pdf. Accessed 1 November, 2020.

Okada E, Matsumoto M, ichihara D, et al. Aging of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers: a 10-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine 2009;34:706-12.

Bennett R. Myofascial pain syndromes and their evaluation. Best pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007;21:427-45.

Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician 2001,63(10)1916] Am Fam Physician 2000,62(5)1064-1070, 1073. Accessed March 27, 2020. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/ 0901/p1064 html.

Laiho K, Kaarela K, Kauppi M. Cervical spine disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2002,21(3): 227-230.

Nourı A, Tetreault L, Singh A, et al. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015, 40(12):E675-E693.

Lazennec JY, d'Astorg H, Rousseau MA. Cervical spine surgery in ankylosing spondylitis: review and current concept. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015,101(4) 507-513

Liu R, Kurihara C, Tsai HT, et al. Classification and treatment of chronic neck pain: a longitudinal cohort study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017,42(1): 52-61.

Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, et al. A comparison of physical and psychologıcal features of responders and non-responders to cervical facet blocks in chronic whiplash. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013,14:313.

Tong HC, Haig AJ, Yamakawa K. The Spurling test and cervical radiculopathy. Spine 2002;27:156-59.

Rubinstein SM, Pool JJ, van Tulder MW, et al. A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of provocative tests of the neck for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy. Eur Spine J. 2007,16(3):307-319.

Thoomes EJ, van Geest S, van der Windt DA, Falla D, Verhagen AP, Koes BW, et al. Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. Spine J. 2018;18:179–189.

Childress MA, Becker BA. Nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2017, 96(9) 566] Am Fam Physician 2016,93(9)746-754 Accessed March 27, 2020. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0501/p746.html.

Nakashima H, Yukawa Y, Suda K, Yamagata M, Ueta T, Kato F. Narrow cervical canal in 1211 asymptomatic healthy subjects: the relationship with spinal cord compression on MRI. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:2149–2154.

Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging. Radiology 1987;164:83-88.

Amerıcan College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: cervical neck pain or cervical radiculopathy. Updated 2018. Accessed June 30, 2019. https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69426/Narratıve/

Holmes JF, Akkinepalli R. Computed tomography versus plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injury: a meta-analysis. J Trauma. 2005;58:902–905.

Shim JH, Park CK, Lee JH, Choi JW, Lee DC, Kim DH, et al. A comparison of angled sagittal MRI and conventional MRI in the diagnosis of herniated disc and stenosis in the cervical foramen. Eur Spine J. 2009;18:1109–1116.

Bono CM, Ghiselli G, Gilbert TJ, et al., North Amerıcan Spine Society. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders. Spine J. 2011,11(1): 64-72.

Honet JC, Puri K. Cervical radiculitis: treatment and results in 82 patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1976,57(1):12-16.

Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2001; 63(10): 1916]. Am Fam Physician. 2000; 62(5): 1064-1070, 1073. Accessed March 27, 2020. https:// www.aafp.org/afp/ 2000/ 0901/ p1064.html

Lazennec JY, d’Astorg H, Rousseau MA. Cervical spine surgery in ankylosing spondylitis: review and current concept. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015; 101(4): 507-513.

Yu H, Côté P, Southerst D, Wong JJ, Varatharajan S, Shearer HM, et al. Does structured patient education improve the recovery and clinical outcomes of patients with neck pain? A systematic review from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Spine J. 2016;16:1524–1540.

Gross A, Forget M, St George K, Fraser MM, Graham N, Perry L, et al. Patient education for neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;3:CD005106.

Gross AR, Paquin JP, Dupont G, Blanchette S, Lalonde P, Cristie T, et al. Exercises for mechanical neck disorders: a Cochrane review update. Man Ther. 2016;24:25–45.

GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2004;328(7454):1490.

de Zoete RM, Armfield NR, McAuley JH, Chen K, Sterling M. Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of 40 randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2020. bjsports-2020-102664.

Martin-Gomez C, Sestelo-Diaz R, Carrillo-Sanjuan V, Navarro-Santana MJ, Bardon-Romero J, Plaza-Manzano G. Motor control using cranio-cervical flexion exercises versus other treatments for non-specific chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;42:52–59.

Wong JJ, Shearer HM, Mior S, Jacobs C, Côté P, Randhawa K, et al. Are manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture effective for the management of patients with whiplash-associated disorders or neck pain and associated disorders? An update of the Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the OPTIMa collaboration. Spine J. 2016;16:1598–1630.

Masaracchio M, Kirker K, States R, Hanney WJ, Liu X, Kolber M. Thoracic spine manipulation for the management of mechanical neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0211877.

Gross A, Langevin P, Burnie SJ, Bédard-Brochu MS, Empey B, Dugas E, et al. Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:CD004249.

Hoving JL, Koes BW, de Vet HC, et al. Manual therapy, physical therapy, or continued care by a general practitioner for patients with neck pain. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann intern Med 2002;136:713-22.

Hoving JL, de Vet HC, Koes BW, et al. Manual therapy, physical therapy, or continued care by the general practitioner for patients with neck pain: long-term results from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Clin J pain 2006;22:370-77.

Korthals-de Bos iB, Hoving JL, van Tulder MW, et al. Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for neck pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2003;326:911.

Fredin K, Lorås H. Manual therapy, exercise therapy or combined treatment in the management of adult neck pain – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017;31:62–71.

Patel KC, Gross A, Graham N, Goldsmith CH, Ezzo J, Morien A, et al. Massage for mechanical neck disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD004871.

57. Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson AV, Svendsen KH, Bracha Y, Grimm RH. Spinal manipulation, medication, or home exercise with advice for acute and subacute neck pain: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:1–10.

Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Kalso EA, Bell RF, Aldington D, Phillips T, et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5:CD008609.

Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, Day RO, Pinheiro MB, Ferreira ML. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for spinal pain: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1269–1278.

Fınnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2015,14(2)162-173

Langevin P, Peloso PMJ, Lowcock J, et al. Botulinum toxin for subacute/chronic neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011,(7):CD008626.

Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Pampati V, Malla Y. Two-year follow-up results of fluoroscopic cervical epidural injections in chronic axial or discogenic neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Int J Med Sci. 2014;11:309–320.

Cohen SP, Hayek S, Semenov Y, Pasquina PF, White RL, Veizi E, et al. Epidural steroid injections, conservative treatment, or combination treatment for cervical radicular pain: a multicenter, randomized, comparative-effectiveness study. Anesthesiology. 2014;121:1045–1055.

van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Ostelo R, van Tulder MW, Peul W, Koes BW, et al. Surgery versus conservative care for neck pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:87–95.

Verhagen AP, van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Ostelo R, Jacobs W, Peul W, et al. Effect of various kinds of cervical spinal surgery on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2013;154:2388–2396.

Manchikanti L, Helm S, Singh V, Benyamin RM, Datta S, Hayek SM, Fellows B, Boswell MV; ASIPP. An algorithmic approach for clinical management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009 Jul-Aug;12(4):E225-64. PMID: 19668283.

Falco FJE, Erhart S, Wargo BW, Bryce DA, Atluri S, Datta S, Hayek SM. Systematic review of diagnostic utility and therapeutic effectiveness of cervical facet joint interventions. Pain Physician 2009; 12:323-344.

Datta S, Everett CR, Trescot AM, Schultz DM, Adlaka R, Abdi S, Atluri SL, Smith HS, Shah RV. An updated systematic review of diagnostic utility of selective nerve root blocks. Pain Physician 2007; 10:113-128.

Patel VB, Manchikanti L, Singh V, Schultz DM, Hayek SM, Smith HS. Systematic review of intrathecal infusion systems for long-term management of chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Physician 2009;12:345-360.

Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Cassidy JD, Guzman J, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine. 2008;33:S39–S51.

Hush JM, Lin CC, Michaleff ZA, Verhagen A, Refshauge KM. Prognosis of acute idiopathic neck pain is poor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:824–829.

Wong JJ, Côté P, Quesnele JJ, Stern PJ, Mior SA. The course and prognostic factors of symptomatic cervical disc herniation with radiculopathy: a systematic review of the literature. Spine J. 2014;14:1781–1789.

Walton DM, Macdermid JC, Giorgianni AA, Mascarenhas JC, West SC, Zammit CA. Risk factors for persistent problems following acute whiplash injury: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43:31–43.

. Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, Buchbinder R, Mansournia MA, Bettampadi D, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain in the general population, 1990-2017: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. BMJ. 2020;368:m791.

Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD, Schubert J, Nygren A. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders: executive summary. Spine. 2008;33:S5–S7.

Spitzer WO. Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Redefining ‘whiplash’ and its management. Spine. 1995;20:1–73.

Murray CJ, Atkinson C, BhaHa K, et al., U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators. The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors JAMA 2013,310(6)591-608

Hoy D, March L,Woolf A, Blyth F, Brooks P, Smith E, et al. The global burden of neck pain: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1309–1315.

Borghouts JA, Koes BW, Vondeling H, Bouter LM. Cost-of-illness of neck pain in The Netherlands in 1996. pain 1999;80:629-36.

Vasseljen O, Woodhouse A, Bjorngaard JH, et al. Natural course of acute neck and low back pain in the general population: the HUNT study Pain 2013,154(8)1237-1244

Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD. Findings from the bone and joint decade 2000 to 2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders. J Occup Environ Med 2010;52:424-27.

Hin J, Lewis M, papageorgiou AC, Dziedzic K, Croft R predicting persistent neck pain: a 1-year follow-up of a population cohort. Spine 2004;29:1648-54.

Hoy DG, protani M, De R, Buchbinder R. The epidemiology of neck pain. Best pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010;24:783-92.

Cohen SP. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neck pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2015,90(2)284-299.

Walton DM, Macdermid JC, Giorgianni AA, Mascarenhas JC, West SC, Zammit CA. Risk factors for persistent problems following acute whiplash injury: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43:31–43.

Hush JM, Lin CC, Michaleff ZA, Verhagen A, Refshauge KM. prognosis of acute idiopathic neck pain is poor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:824-29.

McLain RF, Kapural L, Mekhail NA. Epidural steroid therapy for back and leg pain: mechanisms of action and efficacy. Spine J 2005;5:191-201.

Wainner RS, Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ, Boninger ML, Delitto A, Allison S. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine. 2003;28:52–62.

Cohen SP, Hooten WM. Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain. BMJ. 2017,358:j3221.

Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Verhagen AP, Rebbeck T, Lin CW. Accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule and NEXUS to screen for clinically important cervical spine injury in patients following blunt trauma: a systematic review. CMAJ. 2012;184:E867–E876.

International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). Cervical Framework. https://www.ifompt.org/site/ifompt/IFOMPT%20Cervical% 20Framework%20final%20September%202020.pdf. Accessed 1 November, 2020.

Okada E, Matsumoto M, ichihara D, et al. Aging of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers: a 10-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine 2009;34:706-12.

Bennett R. Myofascial pain syndromes and their evaluation. Best pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007;21:427-45.

Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician 2001,63(10)1916] Am Fam Physician 2000,62(5)1064-1070, 1073. Accessed March 27, 2020. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/ 0901/p1064 html.

Laiho K, Kaarela K, Kauppi M. Cervical spine disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2002,21(3): 227-230.

Nourı A, Tetreault L, Singh A, et al. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015, 40(12):E675-E693.

Lazennec JY, d'Astorg H, Rousseau MA. Cervical spine surgery in ankylosing spondylitis: review and current concept. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015,101(4) 507-513

Liu R, Kurihara C, Tsai HT, et al. Classification and treatment of chronic neck pain: a longitudinal cohort study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017,42(1): 52-61.

Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, et al. A comparison of physical and psychologıcal features of responders and non-responders to cervical facet blocks in chronic whiplash. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013,14:313.

Tong HC, Haig AJ, Yamakawa K. The Spurling test and cervical radiculopathy. Spine 2002;27:156-59.

Rubinstein SM, Pool JJ, van Tulder MW, et al. A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of provocative tests of the neck for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy. Eur Spine J. 2007,16(3):307-319.

Thoomes EJ, van Geest S, van der Windt DA, Falla D, Verhagen AP, Koes BW, et al. Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. Spine J. 2018;18:179–189.

Childress MA, Becker BA. Nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2017, 96(9) 566] Am Fam Physician 2016,93(9)746-754 Accessed March 27, 2020. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0501/p746.html.

Nakashima H, Yukawa Y, Suda K, Yamagata M, Ueta T, Kato F. Narrow cervical canal in 1211 asymptomatic healthy subjects: the relationship with spinal cord compression on MRI. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:2149–2154.

Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging. Radiology 1987;164:83-88.

Amerıcan College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: cervical neck pain or cervical radiculopathy. Updated 2018. Accessed June 30, 2019. https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69426/Narratıve/

Holmes JF, Akkinepalli R. Computed tomography versus plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injury: a meta-analysis. J Trauma. 2005;58:902–905.

Shim JH, Park CK, Lee JH, Choi JW, Lee DC, Kim DH, et al. A comparison of angled sagittal MRI and conventional MRI in the diagnosis of herniated disc and stenosis in the cervical foramen. Eur Spine J. 2009;18:1109–1116.

Bono CM, Ghiselli G, Gilbert TJ, et al., North Amerıcan Spine Society. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders. Spine J. 2011,11(1): 64-72.

Honet JC, Puri K. Cervical radiculitis: treatment and results in 82 patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1976,57(1):12-16.

Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2001; 63(10): 1916]. Am Fam Physician. 2000; 62(5): 1064-1070, 1073. Accessed March 27, 2020. https:// www.aafp.org/afp/ 2000/ 0901/ p1064.html

Lazennec JY, d’Astorg H, Rousseau MA. Cervical spine surgery in ankylosing spondylitis: review and current concept. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015; 101(4): 507-513.

Yu H, Côté P, Southerst D, Wong JJ, Varatharajan S, Shearer HM, et al. Does structured patient education improve the recovery and clinical outcomes of patients with neck pain? A systematic review from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Spine J. 2016;16:1524–1540.

Gross A, Forget M, St George K, Fraser MM, Graham N, Perry L, et al. Patient education for neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;3:CD005106.

Gross AR, Paquin JP, Dupont G, Blanchette S, Lalonde P, Cristie T, et al. Exercises for mechanical neck disorders: a Cochrane review update. Man Ther. 2016;24:25–45.

GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2004;328(7454):1490.

de Zoete RM, Armfield NR, McAuley JH, Chen K, Sterling M. Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of 40 randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2020. bjsports-2020-102664.

Martin-Gomez C, Sestelo-Diaz R, Carrillo-Sanjuan V, Navarro-Santana MJ, Bardon-Romero J, Plaza-Manzano G. Motor control using cranio-cervical flexion exercises versus other treatments for non-specific chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;42:52–59.

Wong JJ, Shearer HM, Mior S, Jacobs C, Côté P, Randhawa K, et al. Are manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture effective for the management of patients with whiplash-associated disorders or neck pain and associated disorders? An update of the Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the OPTIMa collaboration. Spine J. 2016;16:1598–1630.

Masaracchio M, Kirker K, States R, Hanney WJ, Liu X, Kolber M. Thoracic spine manipulation for the management of mechanical neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0211877.

Gross A, Langevin P, Burnie SJ, Bédard-Brochu MS, Empey B, Dugas E, et al. Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:CD004249.

Hoving JL, Koes BW, de Vet HC, et al. Manual therapy, physical therapy, or continued care by a general practitioner for patients with neck pain. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann intern Med 2002;136:713-22.

Hoving JL, de Vet HC, Koes BW, et al. Manual therapy, physical therapy, or continued care by the general practitioner for patients with neck pain: long-term results from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Clin J pain 2006;22:370-77.

Korthals-de Bos iB, Hoving JL, van Tulder MW, et al. Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for neck pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2003;326:911.

Fredin K, Lorås H. Manual therapy, exercise therapy or combined treatment in the management of adult neck pain – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017;31:62–71.

Patel KC, Gross A, Graham N, Goldsmith CH, Ezzo J, Morien A, et al. Massage for mechanical neck disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD004871.

57. Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson AV, Svendsen KH, Bracha Y, Grimm RH. Spinal manipulation, medication, or home exercise with advice for acute and subacute neck pain: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:1–10.

Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Kalso EA, Bell RF, Aldington D, Phillips T, et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5:CD008609.

Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, Day RO, Pinheiro MB, Ferreira ML. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for spinal pain: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1269–1278.

Fınnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2015,14(2)162-173

Langevin P, Peloso PMJ, Lowcock J, et al. Botulinum toxin for subacute/chronic neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011,(7):CD008626.

Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Pampati V, Malla Y. Two-year follow-up results of fluoroscopic cervical epidural injections in chronic axial or discogenic neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Int J Med Sci. 2014;11:309–320.

Cohen SP, Hayek S, Semenov Y, Pasquina PF, White RL, Veizi E, et al. Epidural steroid injections, conservative treatment, or combination treatment for cervical radicular pain: a multicenter, randomized, comparative-effectiveness study. Anesthesiology. 2014;121:1045–1055.

van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Ostelo R, van Tulder MW, Peul W, Koes BW, et al. Surgery versus conservative care for neck pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:87–95.

Verhagen AP, van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Ostelo R, Jacobs W, Peul W, et al. Effect of various kinds of cervical spinal surgery on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2013;154:2388–2396.

Manchikanti L, Helm S, Singh V, Benyamin RM, Datta S, Hayek SM, Fellows B, Boswell MV; ASIPP. An algorithmic approach for clinical management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009 Jul-Aug;12(4):E225-64. PMID: 19668283.

Falco FJE, Erhart S, Wargo BW, Bryce DA, Atluri S, Datta S, Hayek SM. Systematic review of diagnostic utility and therapeutic effectiveness of cervical facet joint interventions. Pain Physician 2009; 12:323-344.

Datta S, Everett CR, Trescot AM, Schultz DM, Adlaka R, Abdi S, Atluri SL, Smith HS, Shah RV. An updated systematic review of diagnostic utility of selective nerve root blocks. Pain Physician 2007; 10:113-128.

Patel VB, Manchikanti L, Singh V, Schultz DM, Hayek SM, Smith HS. Systematic review of intrathecal infusion systems for long-term management of chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Physician 2009;12:345-360.

Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Cassidy JD, Guzman J, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine. 2008;33:S39–S51.

Hush JM, Lin CC, Michaleff ZA, Verhagen A, Refshauge KM. Prognosis of acute idiopathic neck pain is poor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:824–829.

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