Kardiyak Morfolojinin Segmental Analizi ve Konjenital Kalp Hastalıklarının Ekokardiyografik Tanısı

Özet

Referanslar

Sarıoğlu A, Türkoğlu H, Köner A, Sağın G, Aytaç A, Ertuğrul A, Demircioğlu C. Konjenital kalp hastallklanmn cerrahi tedavisinde iki boyutlu ekokardiyografinin yeri (516 hastanın analizi). Türk Kardiol Dern 18:264-268, 1990.

Corbett L, Forster J, Gamlin W, Duarte N, Burgess O, Harkness A, Li W, Simpson J, Bedair R. A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in the congenital heart disease patient: consensus recommendations from British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Research Practice 9: (10) 1-34, 2022.

Silver NH, Snider AR, Colo J, A segmental approach to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease: Usefulness of two dimensional echocardiography. In: Hunter S, Hall R (eds). Echocardiography 1. Churchill Livingstone 165-192, 1982.

Sarıoğlu A, Sarıoğlu T, Ertuğrul A, Aytaç A. Konjenital Kalp anomalilerinin tanımlanmasında segmental analiz. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 17: 203-208, 1989.

Sarıoğlu A, Ertuğrul A. Konjenital kalp anomalilerinin segmental analiz metoduna göre 2-boyutlu ekokardiyografi tamımlanması. Türk Kardiyol Dern Ars 18:303-307, 1990.

Tynan MJ, Becker AE, Macarthey FJ, Quero-Sjmenez M, Shinebourne EA, Anderson RH. Nomencalature and classification of conjenital heart disease. Br Heart J 41:544, 1977.

Anderson RH, Ho S Y. Sequential segmental analysis-description and categorization for the millennium, Cardiol Young 7: (98) 1-16, 1977.

Van Praagh, Weinbert PM, Van Praagh S: Malposition of the heart. Moss AJ, Adams F. Emmanoilides G (eds). Heart disease in infants, children and adolescents. 2nd ed, Baltimore; Williams and Wilkins p: 394-417, 1977.

Tajik AS, Seward JB, Hagle DJ, Ivíair DP, Lie JT. Two dimensional real time ultrasonic imaging of the heart and great vessels: technique, image orientation, structure identification and validation. Mayo Clin Proc 53:271-303, 1978.

Lopez L, Saurers DL, Barker PCA, Cohen MS, Colan SD, Dwyer J, Forsha D, Friedberg MK, Lai WW, Printz BF, Sachdeva R, Soni-Patel NR, Truong DT, Young LT, Altman CA. Guidelines for performing a comprehensive pediatric transthoracic echocardiogram: reccomendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 37: 119-170, 2024.

Huhta JC, Hagier DJ, Seward JB, Tajik Al. PR, Ritter DG. Two dimensional echocardiographic assesment of dextrocardia: segmantal approach. Am J Cardiol 50:1351-1360, 1982.

Huhta CH, Smallharn JF, Macartaey FJ. Two dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of situs. Br Heart J, 48:97, 1982.

Uemura H, Ho S Y, Devine WA, Kilpatrick U, Anderson RH. Atrial appendages and venoatrial connections in hearts from patients with visceral heterotaxy. Ann Thorac Surg 60:561-569, 1995.

Hagler DJ, Tajik J, Seward JB, Mair DD, Ritter DG. Atrioventricular and ventriculoarteriel discordance (corrected transposition of areat arteries: Wide angle, two dimensional echocardiographic assesment of ventricular morphology. Mayo Clin Proc 56-591, 1981..

Foale R, Stefaninni L, Rickards A, Somerville J. Left and right ventricular morphology in complex congenital heart disease defined by two dimensional echocardiogrphy. J Am Cardiol 49:93, 1982.

Rigby MI, Anderson RH, Gibson D, Jones ODH, Joseph MC, Shinebourne EA. Two dimensional echocardiographic categorisation of the univentricular heart: ventricular morphology, type and mode of connection. Br Heart J 46:603, 1981.

Rice MJ, Seward JB, Edwards WD, Hagler DI, Danielson GK, Puga FJ, Tajik Al. Straddling atrioventricular valve: Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis, classification and surgical implications. Am J Cardiol 55:505-513, 1985.

Mill G, Becker AE, Moulaert AJ, Hanrinck E. Two-dimensional echocardiographic localization of isolated ventricular septal defects. Hunter S, Hall R (eds) Echocardiography I. Churchill Livingstone p: 249-265, 1982.

Gatzoulis MA, Li J, Ho S Y. The echocardiographic anatomy of ventricular septal detects. Cardiol young 7:471-484, 1997.

Soto B, Becker Moulaert AJ, Lie JT, Anderson RH. Classification of isolated ventricular septal defects. Br Heart J 43:322-343, 1980.

Sarıoğlu A, Batmaz G, Bilal MS, Saltık ÍL, Saylam GS, Sarıoğlu T, Aytaç A, Ertuğrul A. Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot without "routine" preoperative cardiac catheterization: Management of 99 patients. Cardiol Young 4:262-266, 1994.

Sarıoğlu A, Batmaz G. Saltık L, Saylam GS, Samanlı ÜB. Fallot tetralojili çocuklarda koroner anomali ve ekokardiyografik tespiti. Türk Kardiyol Dern 24:474-479, 1996.

Sanoğlu A, Saltık İL, Saylam GS, Batmaz G, Sarıoğlu T, Aytaç A. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonory artery. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 39:127-135, 1997.

Saltık IL, A, Öztunç F, Saylam GS, Ertugrul A. Konjenital koroner arter fistüllerinde 2-boyutlu, Doppler ve renkli Doppler ekokardiyografik bulgular. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 23:26-30, 1995.

Currie PJ, Seward 1B, Chan KL. Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: A simultaneous Doppler catheterization study in 27 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:750-756, 1985.

Murphy DJ, Ludomirsky A, Huhta JC. Continuous wave Doppler in children with ventricular septal defect: noninvazive estimation of interventricular pressure gradiyentent. Am J Cardiol 57:428-432, 1986.

Masuyama T, Kodama K, Kitabatake A. Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic detecion of pulmonary regurgitation and its application to noninvazive estimation of pulmonary artery pressure. Circulation 74:484-492, 1986.

Nascimento R, Pereira D, Freitas A, et al. Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction in congenital heart disease by visual versus algorithmic determination. Am J Cardiol 80: 1331-1335, 1997.

Kimball TR, Michelfelder EC. Echocardiography: basic principles and imaging. In: Allen HD, Driscroll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (eds). Moss and Adams’Heart Diseaase in Infants, Children and Adolescents Including the Fetus and Young Adult, 8th ed, Philadelphia, Lippencott Williams and Wilkins, pp:134-172, 2013.

Ayabakan C. Ekokardiyografi: Yurdakök M (ed). Yurdakök Pediatri. Cilt 3. Kalp Hastalıkları 1. Baskı, Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, pp: 2992-3001; 2018.

Ayabakan C. Ekokardiyografi: Celiker A, Ayabakan C (eds). Erişkinde Konjenital Kalp Hastalığı. 1. Baskı, Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri pp: 78-96; 2022.

Acar P, Abair S, Aggoun Y. Transcatheter closure of perimembraneous ventricular septal defects with Amplatzer Occluder assessed by real time here dimentional echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 8:110-115, 2007.

Ahmed MI, Gok G, Yuzbas B, Burkhart J, Amado Escanuela MG, Alli OO, et al. Incremental value of three dimentional echocardiography over the two dimentional technique in the assessment of combines sinus valsalva rupture into the right ventricle and adjacent perimembraneous ventricular septal defect. Echocardiography 31:779-782, 2014.

Ayabakan C, Ozkutlu S. Left ventricular myocardial velocities in healthy children: quantitative assessment by tissue Doppler echocardiography and relation to the characteristics of filling of the left ventricle. Cardiol Young 14(2):156-63, 2004.

Sutherland GR, DiSalvo G, Claus P, D’Hooge J, Bijnens B. Strain and strain rate imaging: new clinical approach to quantifying regional myocardial function.cJ Am Soc Echocardiogr 17: 788-802, 2004.

Gorcsan J 3rd, Tanaka H. Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial strain. J Am Coll Cardiol 58: 1401-1413, 2011.

Forsey J, Friedberg MK, Mertens L. Speckle tracking echocardiography in pediatric and congenital heart disease. Echocardiography 30: 447-459, 2013.

Friedberg MK, Fernandes FP, Roche SL, Grosse-Wortmann L, Manlhiot C, Fackoury C, et al. Impaired right end left ventricular diastolic myocardial machanics and filling in asymptomatic children and adolescents after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 13: 905-913, 2012.

Diller GP, Kempny A, Liodakis E, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Inuzuka R, Uebing A, et al. Left ventricular longitudinal function predicts life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and death in adults with repaired tetralogy of fallot. Circulation 125: 2440-2446, 2012.

Dragulescu A, Friedberg MK, Grosse-Wortmann L, Redington A, Mertens L. Effect of chronic right ventricular volume overload on ventricular interaction in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 27: 896-902, 2014.

Kawakubo M, Yamasaki Y, Toyomura D, et al. Unchanged right ventricular strain in repaired tetralogy of Fallot after pulmonary valve replacement with radial long-axis cine magnetic resonance images. Sci Rep 11: 18879, 2021.

Hasan BS, Lunze FI, Chen MH, Brown DW, Boudreau MJ, Rhodes J, et al. Effects of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement on the hemodynamic and ventricular response to exercise in patients with obstructed right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 7:530-542, 2014.

Khoo NS, Smallhorn JF, Kaneko S, Myers K, Kutty S, Tham EB. Novel insights into RV adaptation and function in hypoplastic left heart syndrome between the first 2 stages of surgical palliation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 4: 128-137, 2011.

Singh GK, Cupps B, Pasque M, Woodard PK, Holland MR, Ludomirsky A. Accuracy and reproducibility of strain by speckle tracking in pediatric subjects with normal heart and single ventricular physiology: a two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging correlative study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23: 1143-1152, 2010.

Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, Borger MA, Borggrefe M, Cecchi F, Charron P et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Kardiol Pol 72: 1054-1126, 2014.

Afonso L, Kondur A, Simegn M, Niraj A, Hari P, Kaur R, et al. Two-dimensional strain profiles in patients with physiological and pathological hypertrophy and preserved left ventricular systolic function: a comparative analyses. British Med J Open 2: 2012.

D'Ascenzi F, Caselli S, Solari M, Pelliccia A, Cameli M, Focardi M, et al. Novel echocardiographic techniques for the evaluation of athletes' heart: A focus on speckle-tracking echocardiography. Eur J Prev Cardiol 23: 437-46, 2016.

Webb MK, Auerbach SR, Younoszai AK, Patel SS, Landeck BF 2nd. Strain and strain rate Measured on echocardiogram 1-3 weeks after starting treatment is worse in acute dilated cardiomyopathy pediatric patients with poor outcomes at one year. Echocardiography 32: 1688-1696, 2015.

Di Salvo G, Drago M, Pacileo G, Rea A, Carrozza M, Santoro G, et al. Atrial function after surgical and percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect: a strain rate imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18: 930-933, 2005.

Bos JM, Hagler DJ, Silvilairat S, Cabalka A, O'Leary P, Daniels O, et al. Right ventricular function in asymptomatic individuals with a systemic right ventricle. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 19: 1033-1037, 2006.

Diller GP, Radojevic J, Kempny A, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Emmanouil L, Orwat S, et al. Systemic right ventricular longitudinal strain is reduced in adults with transposition of the great arteries, relates to subpulmonary ventricular function, and predicts adverse clinical outcome. Am Heart J 163: 859-866, 2012.

Panesar DK, Burch M. Assessment of Diastolic Function in Congenital Heart Disease Front. Cardiovasc. Med 2017; 4: 1-10.

Stantens B, Van de Bruaene A, De Meester P, D’Alto M, ReddyS, Bernstein D, Koestenberger M, Hansmann G, Budts W. Diagnosis and treatment of right ventricular dysfunction in congenital heart disease. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 10: 1625-1645, 2020.

Öztarhan K. Tam düzeltme ameliyatı yapılan Fallot tetralojili hastalarda sağ ve sol ventrikül sistolik ve diastolik fonksiyonlarının doku Doppler'i ile değerlendirilmesi ve transanüler yama kullanılmasının sağ ventrikül fonksiyonları üzerine etkisi. Tez, İ. U. Kardiyoloji Enstitüsü 2000.

Mori K, Hayabuchi Y, Kuroda Y, Nii M, Manabe T. Left ventricular wall motion velocities in healthy children measured by pulsed wave Doppler tissue echocardiography: normal values and relation to age and heart rate. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 13: 1002–1011, 2000.

Ayabakan C, Özkutlu S. Left Ventricular Myocardial Velocities in Healthy Children: Quantitative Assessment By Tissue Doppler Echocardiography and Relation To the Characteristics of Filling of the Left Ventricle. Cardiol Young 14: 156-163, 2004.

Nagueh SF, Middleton KJ, Kopelen HA, Zoghbi WA, Quiñones MA. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol 30:1527–1533, 1997.

Derrick GP, Josen M, Vogel M, Henein MY, Shinebourne EA, Redingtor, AN. Abnormalities of right ventricular long axis function after atrial repair transposition of the great arteries. Heart 86:203-206, 2001.

Vitarelli A, Conde Y, Cimino E, D’Angeli I, D’Orazio S, Ventriglia F, et al. Quantitative assessment of systolic and diastolic ventricular function with tissue Doppler imaging after Fontan type of operation. Int J Cardiol 1021:61–69, 2005.

Friedberg MK, Redington AN. Right versus left ventricular failure: differences, similarities, and interactions. Circulation 129: 1033-1044, 2014.

Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, et al. Guidelines fort he echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23: 685-713, 2010.

Venkatachalam S, Wu G, Ahmad M. Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in the current era: Application in clinical practice. Echocardiography 34: 1930-1937, 2017.

Daubeney PE, Blackstone EH, Weintraub RG, Slavik Z, Scanlon J, Webber SA. Relationship of the dimension of cardiac structures to body size: an echocardiographic study in normal infants and children. Cardiol Young 9: 402-410, 1999.

Koestenberger M, Avian A, Raveke W. Reference values of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) proximal diameter in 665 healthy children and calculation of z-score values. Int J Cardiol 169: e99-101, 2013.

Mah K, Mertens L. Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Paediatric Heart Disease: A Practical Clinical Approach CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis 1:136–157, 2022.

García-Cuenllas Álvarez L, Gutiérrez-Larraya Aguado F, Maroto Álvaro E, Rodríguez-López Domingo A, Sánchez Fernández PL, García-Guereta Silva L, Lorente Toledano F. Reference values (Z-score) of inlet and trabecular portion diameters of the right ventricle: First description in Spanish healthy children]. Pediatr (Barc) 92: 147-155, 2020.

Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28: 1-39, 2015.

Berendoncks AV, Grootel RV, McGhie J, Kranenburg MV, Menting M, Cuypers JAAE, Bogers AJJC, Witsenburg M, Roos-Hesselink JW, van den Bosch AE. Echocardiographic parameters of severe pulmonary regurgitation after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Congenit Heart Dis14: 628-637, 2019.

Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines fort he management of adults with congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: e150-e250, 2008.

Sherwood MC, Geva T. Noninvasive imaging of single ventricle Progress Pediatr Cardiol 16: 11-30, 2002.

Khoo NS, Tham EB, Kantor PF. Newer imaging modalities in the assessment of heart function in single ventricle hearts. Canadian J Cardiol 29: 886-889, 2013.

Colan SD. Systolic and diastolic function of the univentricular heart. Progress Pediatr Cardiol 16: 79-87, 2002.

Kleitsioti P, Koulaouzidis G, Giannakopoulou P, Charisopoulou D. The role of myocardial strain imaging in the pre- and post-operative assessment of patients with single ventricle. Rev Cardiovasc Med 24: 145, 2023.

Davis EK, Ginde S, Stelter J, Frommelt P, Hill GD. Echocardiographic assessment of single ventricle diastolic function and its correlation to short term outcomes after the Fontan operation. Congenit Heart Dis 14: 720-725, 2019.

Ginde S, Goot BH, Frommelt PC. İmaging adult patients with Fontan circulaltion. Curr Opin Cardiol 32: 521-528, 2017.

Kitter SB. Transesophageal real-time echocardiography in infants and children with conjeaital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 18:569-580, 1991.

Sahn DJ. Perspectives in fetal echocardiography. Cardiol Young 4:90-98, 1994.

Hornberger LK, Sanders SP, Rain AJ, Spevak PJ, Paners IA, CoIan SD. Left heart obstructive lesions and left ventricular growth in the midtrimester fetus: a longitudinal study. Circulation 92: 1531-1538, 1995.

Hornberger LK, Sanders SP, Sahn DJ. In utero pulmonary artery and aortJ Am Coll Cardiol 25: 739-745, 1995.

Yayınlanan

23 Mart 2026

Lisans

Lisans