Deneysel Koah/Akciğer Fibrozis Modelleri
Özet
Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) ve akciğer fibrozisi, ilerleyici seyirleri ve sınırlı tedavi seçenekleri nedeniyle günümüzde önemli bir araştırma alanı oluşturan kronik solunum sistemi hastalıklarıdır. Bu hastalıkların gelişiminde çevresel maruziyetler, inflamatuvar yanıtlar, oksidatif hasar ve bozulmuş doku onarımı gibi çok sayıda biyolojik süreç rol oynamaktadır. Bu mekanizmaların karmaşık yapısı, hastalık patogenezinin deneysel olarak incelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Deneysel hayvan modelleri, akciğer dokusunda ortaya çıkan yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişikliklerin kontrollü koşullar altında değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. KOAH çalışmalarında sıklıkla sigara dumanına dayalı modeller kullanılarak hava yolu hasarı ve amfizematöz değişiklikler oluşturulmaktadır. Akciğer fibrozisi araştırmalarında ise bleomisin başta olmak üzere çeşitli fibrotik ajanlar ve genetik yaklaşımlar ile progresif fibrotik yanıtlar elde edilmektedir. Her bir deneysel model, hastalığın belirli patolojik yönlerini yansıtmakla birlikte klinik tabloyu bütünüyle temsil etme konusunda sınırlılıklar taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede, KOAH ve akciğer fibrozisi için kullanılan başlıca deneysel hayvan modellerinin uygulama alanları ve translasyonel değerleri ele alınmaktadır
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis are chronic respiratory disorders that constitute a major field of research due to their progressive course and limited therapeutic options. The development of these diseases involves multiple biological processes, including environmental exposures, inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and impaired tissue repair. The complex nature of these mechanisms necessitates experimental investigation of disease pathogenesis. Experimental animal models enable the evaluation of structural and functional alterations occurring in lung tissue under controlled conditions. In COPD studies, cigarette smoke–based models are frequently used to induce airway injury and emphysematous changes. In pulmonary fibrosis research, progressive fibrotic responses are generated using various fibrogenic agents, particularly bleomycin, as well as genetic approaches. Although each experimental model reflects specific pathological aspects of the disease, they have inherent limitations in fully representing the clinical condition. This review aims to discuss the principal experimental animal models used in COPD and pulmonary fibrosis research, focusing on their applications and translational value.
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