Magnetoterapinin Biyofiziksel Esasları Ve Kullanım Alanları
Özet
Ağrı; travma, bası, darp gibi çeşitli etkenlerle ortaya çıkan ve bireyin geçmiş deneyimlerine bağlı olarak algılanan, hoş olmayan duyusal ve emosyonel bir durumdur. Ağrının tanı ve tedavisinde kullanılan alternatif yöntemlerden biri magnetoterapidir. Magnetoterapi, tedavi aracı olarak manyetik alanın kullanılmasını esas alan, girişimsel ve farmakolojik temellere dayanmayan bir uygulamadır. Tarihsel olarak magnetoterapinin kökenleri Çin, Yunan, Avrupa ve Japon antik tıbbına kadar uzanmaktadır. Analjezik ve anti-enflamatuar etkileri nedeniyle özellikle ağrı tedavilerinde kullanılmakta; bunun yanı sıra nöropatik, ortopedik ve romatolojik hastalıklarda terapötik etkinlik göstermektedir. Manyetik alan ile elektrik alan arasındaki ilişki elektromanyetizma kapsamında ele alınır ve bu ilişki Maxwell denklemleri ile tanımlanır. Hall etkisi ise manyetik alan içerisinde hareket eden yüklü parçacıklara etki eden kuvvetleri açıklamakta ve birçok medikal araştırma ile cihaz tasarımına temel oluşturmaktadır. Manyetik alanlar; özellikleri sabit olduğunda statik manyetik alan, zamana bağlı değişim gösterdiğinde dinamik manyetik alan olarak sınıflandırılır. Dinamik manyetik alanlar alternatif ve pulslu manyetik alanlar şeklinde ikiye ayrılır. Güncel preklinik ve klinik çalışmalar, magnetoterapinin etkinliğini desteklemektedir. Gelecekte, patofizyolojik mekanizmalar dikkate alınarak biyofiziksel prensiplere uygun, yeni magnetoterapi cihazlarının geliştirilmesi öngörülmektedir.
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