Primer Piyojenik Spondilodiskitlerde Koruyucu ve Cerrahi Tedavi

1- Li YD, Wong CB, Tsai TT, Lai PL, Niu CC, Chen LH, Fu TS. Appropriate duration of post-surgical intravenous antibiotic therapy for pyogenic spondylodiscitis. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 17;18(1):468. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3377-1. PMID: 30223785; PMCID: PMC6142394.

Shiban E, Janssen I, Wostrack M, Krieg SM, Horanin M, Stoffel M, Meyer B, Ringel F. Spondylodiscitis by drug-multiresistant bacteria: a single-center experience of 25 cases. Spine J. 2014 Dec 1;14(12):2826-34. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.03.048. Epub 2014 Apr 4. PMID: 24704675.

Thavarajasingam SG, Vemulapalli KV, Vishnu K S, Ponniah HS, Vogel AS, Vardanyan R, Neuhoff J, Kramer A, Shiban E, Ringel F, Demetriades AK, Davies BM. Conservative versus early surgical treatment in the management of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 20;13(1):15647. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41381-1. PMID: 37730826; PMCID: PMC10511402.

Silber JS et al (2002) Management of postprocedural discitis.Spine J 2(4):279–287.

Pola E, Autore G, Formica VM, Pambianco V, Colangelo D, Cauda R, Fantoni M. New classification for the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: validation study on a population of 250 patients with a follow-up of 2 years. Eur Spine J. 2017 Oct;26(Suppl 4):479-488. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5043-5. Epub 2017 Mar 21. PMID: 28324216.

Pojskić M, Carl B, Schmöckel V, Völlger B, Nimsky C, Saβ B. Neurosurgical Management and Outcome Parameters in 237 Patients with Spondylodiscitis. Brain Sci. 2021 Jul 30;11(8):1019. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11081019. PMID: 34439638; PMCID: PMC8394582.

Fantoni M et al (2012) Epidemiological and clinical features of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 2):2–7.

Afshar M, Reilly RF (2011) Spondylodiscitis in a patient on chronic hemodialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol 7(10):599–604.

Park KH, Cho OH, Lee JH, Park JS, Ryu KN, Park SY, et al. Optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis at low risk and high risk of recurrence. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(10):1262–9.

Taylor DG, Buchholz AL, Sure DR et al (2018) Presentation and outcomes after medical and surgical treatment versus medical treatment alone of spontaneous infectious spondylodiscitis: A systematic literature review and Meta-Analysis. Global Spine J 8(4 Suppl):49S–58S.

Yunoki M. A Comprehensive Review of Pyogenic Spondylitis Management for Neurosurgeons. Asian J Neurosurg. 2023 Dec 29;18(4):724-733. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1777272. PMID: 38161608; PMCID: PMC10756848.

Kim NJ. Microbiologic Diagnosis of Pyogenic Spondylitis. Infect Chemother. 2021 Jun;53(2):238-246. doi: 10.3947/ic.2021.0054. PMID: 34216118; PMCID: PMC8258299.

Di Rienzo A, Carrassi E, Colasanti R, Chiapponi M, Veccia S, Liverotti V, Dobran M. Medical versus surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis: does surgery spare resources? Neurosurg Rev. 2025 Mar 31;48(1):340. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03503-3. PMID: 40159536.

Bettini N, Girardo M, Dema E, Cervellati S (2009) Evaluation of conservative treatment of non specific spondylodiscitis. Eur Spine J 1:143–150.

Cottle L, Riodan T (2008) Infectious spondylodiscitis. J Infect 56: 401–412.

Carrega G, Arena S, Bartolacci V, Gavino D, Mecca D, Sandrone C, Santoriello L, Tabasso G, Riccio G. Spondilodisciti non tubercolari: valutazione prospettica di 45 pazienti seguiti presso un unico [Non-tubercular vertebral osteomyelitis: diagnosis and therapy of 45 patients from a single Italian centre]. Infez Med. 2003 Dec;11(4):183-8. Italian. PMID: 14988665.

Karadimas EJ, Bunger C, Lindblad BE, Hansen ES, Høy K, Helmig P, Kannerup AS, Niedermann B (2008) Spondylodiscitis. A retrospective study of 163 patients. Acta Orthop 79:650–659.

O’Daly BJ, Morris SF, O’Rouke SK (2008) Long-term function outcome in pyogenic spinal infection. Spine 33:E246–E253.

Schinkel C, Gottwald M, Andress HJ (2003) Surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis. Surg Infect 4:387–391.

Hadjipavlou AG, Mader JT, Necessary JT, Muffoletto AJ (2000) Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections and their surgical management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25:1668–1679.

Valancius K, Hansen ES, Høy K, Helmig P, Niedermann B, Bünger C (2012) Failure modes in conservative and surgical management of infectious spondylodiscitis. Eur Spine J 22: 1837–1844.

Kernich N, Sircar K, Jochimsen D, Walter SG, Eysel P, Jung N, Yagdiran A, Weber C. Surgery for Vertebral Osteomyelitis Lowers 1-Year Mortality and Failure Rates Compared with Nonsurgical Treatment: A Propensity-Matched Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2024 Apr 3;106(7):575-581. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.23.00283. Epub 2023 Dec 29. PMID: 38157421.

Kramer A, Thavarajasingam SG, Neuhoff J, Lange F, Ponniah HS, Lener S, Thomé C, Stengel FC, Fischer G, Hostettler IC, Stienen MN, Jemna M, Gousias K, Nedeljkovic A, Grujicic D, Nedeljkovic Z, Poluga J, Schär RT, Urbanski W, Sousa C, Casimiro CDO, Harmer H, Ladisich B, Matt M, Simon M, Pai D, Doenitz C, Mongardi L, Lofrese G, Buchta M, Grassner L, Trávníček P, Hosszú T, Wissels M, Bamps S, Hamouda W, Panico F, Garbossa D, Barbato M, Barbarisi M, Pantel T, Gempt J, Kasula TS, Desai S, Vitowanu JM, Rovčanin B, Omerhodzic I, Demetriades AK, Davies B, Shiban E, Ringel F. Management of severe pyogenic spinal infections: the 2SICK study by the EANS spine section. Spine J. 2025 May;25(5):876-885. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.12.018. Epub 2024 Dec 12. PMID: 39672206.

Al-Nammari SS, Lucas JD, Lam KS (2007) Hematogenous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spondylodiscitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 15:2480–2386.

Gouliouris, T.; Aliyu, S.H.; Brown, N.M. Spondylodiscitis: Update on diagnosis and management. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2010, 65, 11–24.

Alton TB, Patel AR, Bransford RJ, Bellabarba C, Lee MJ, Chapman JR. Is there a difference in neurologic outcome in medical versus early operative management of cervical epidural abscesses? Spine J. 2015 Jan 1;15(1):10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.06.010. Epub 2014 Jun 14. PMID: 24937797.

Chen, W.H.; Jiang, L.S.; Dai, L.Y. Surgical treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with spinal instrumentation. Eur. Spine J. 2007, 16, 1307–1316.

Killen MC, Hernandez M, Berg A, Bhatia C. Nonoperative Management of a Multi-Regional Epidural Abscess with Neurological Dysfunction. Int J Spine Surg. 2015 Sep 17;9:47. doi: 10.14444/2047. PMID: 26512341; PMCID: PMC4610323.

Burkhardt, B.W.; Müller, S.J.; Wagner, A.C.; Oertel, J.M. Anterior cervical spine surgery for the treatment of subaxial cervical spondylodiscitis: A report of 30 consecutive patients. Neurosurg. Focus 2019, 46, E6.

Patel AR, Alton TB, Bransford RJ, Lee MJ, Bellabarba CB, Chapman JR. Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases. Spine J. 2014 Feb 1;14(2):326-30. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.10.046. Epub 2013 Nov 12. PMID: 24231778.

Mann, S.; Schütze, M.; Sola, S.; Piek, J. Nonspecific pyogenic spondylodiscitis: Clinical manifestations, surgical treatment, and outcome in 24 patients. Neurosurg. Focus 2004, 17, E3.

Lemaignen, A.; Ghout, I.; Dinh, A.; Gras, G.; Fantin, B.; Zarrouk, V.; Carlier, R.; Loret, J.E.; Denes, E.; Greder, A.; et al. Characteristics of and risk factors for severe neurological deficit in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: A case-control study. Medicine 2017, 96, e6387.

Shiban E, Janssen I, Wostrack M, Krieg SM, Ringel F, Meyer B, Stoffel M. A retrospective study of 113 consecutive cases of surgically treated spondylodiscitis patients. A single-center experience. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2014 Jun;156(6):1189-96. doi: 10.1007/s00701-014-2058-0. Epub 2014 Mar 27. PMID: 24671549.

Lemaignen A, Ghout I, Dinh A, Gras G, Fantin B, Zarrouk V, Carlier R, Loret JE, Denes E, Greder A, Lescure FX, Boutoille D, Tattevin P, Issartel B, Cottier JP, Bernard L; DTS (Duration of Treatment for Spondylodiscitis) study group. Characteristics of and risk factors for severe neurological deficit in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 May;96(21):e6387. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006387. PMID: 28538361; PMCID: PMC5457841.

Včelák J, Chomiak J, Toth L. Surgical treatment of lumbar spondylodiscitis: a comparison of two methods. Int Orthop. 2014 Jul;38(7):1425-34. doi: 10.1007/s00264-014-2360-8. Epub 2014 May 24. PMID: 24859896; PMCID: PMC4071504.

Hamaguchi S, Takahashi S, Endo Y, Nakamoto Y, Aita T, Naganuma T, Nakagawa H, Takada T. Predictive Performance of MRI for Antibiotic Treatment Failure of Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Validation Study. Cureus. 2023 Oct 29;15(10):e47933. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47933. PMID: 37908692; PMCID: PMC10613752.

Pola, E., Autore, G., Formica, V.M. et al. New classification for the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: validation study on a population of 250 patients with a follow-up of 2 years. Eur Spine J 26 (Suppl 4), 479–488 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5043-5.

Zaveri GR, Mehta SS (2009) Surgical treatment of lumbar tuberculous spondylodiscitis by transforaminal lumbar interbody vision (TLIF) and posterior instrumentation. J Spinal Disord Tech 22:257–262) (Pee YH, Park JD, Choi Y, Lee S (2008) Anterior debridement and fusion followed by posterior pedicle screw fixation in pyogenic spondylodiscitis: autologous iliac bone strut versus cage. J Neurosurg Spine 8:405–412.

Eren Gök S, Kaptanoğlu E, Celikbaş A, Ergönül O, Baykam N, Eroğlu M, Dokuzoğuz B. Vertebral osteomyelitis: clinical features and diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Oct;20(10):1055-60. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12653. Epub 2014 Jun 14. PMID: 24766063.