Piyojenik Spinal Enfeksiyonlarda Antimikrobiyal Tedavi

Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, et al. Increasing incidence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a 14-year population based study. The Journal of Infection. 2014;68(4):313-320. doi:10.1016/j.jinf. 2013.11.011

Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2015;61(6):e26-46. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ482.

Fantoni M, Trecarichi EM, Rossi B, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2012;16(2):2-7.

Zimmerli W. Clinical practice. Vertebral osteomyelitis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(11):1022-1029. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp0910753.

Mylona E, Samarkos M, Kakalou E, et al. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. Seminars in Arthritis Rheumatism. 2009;39(1):10-17. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002.

Gouliouris T, Aliyu SH, Brown NM. Spondylodiscitis: update on diagnosis and management. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010;65(3):11-24. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq303.

Sapico FL, Montgomerie JZ. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: report of nine cases and review of the literature. Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 1979;1:754-776. doi: 10.1093/clinids/1.5.754.

McHenry MC, Easley KA, Locker GA. Vertebral Osteomyelitis: Long-Term Outcome for 253 Patients from 7 Cleveland-Area Hospitals. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2002;34(10):1342-1350. doi:10.1086/340102.

Lora-Tamayo J, Euba G, Narvaez JA, et al. Changing trends in the epidemiology of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: the impact of cases with no microbiologic diagnosis. Seminars in Arthritis Rheumatism. 2011;41:247-255. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.04.002.

Issa K, Diebo BG, Faloon M, et al. The Epidemiology of Vertebral Osteomyelitis in the United States From 1998 to 2013. Clinal Spine Surgery. 2018;31(2):E102-E108. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000000597.

Conan Y, Laurent E, Belin Y, et al. Large increase of vertebral osteomyelitis in France: a 2010-2019 cross-sectional study. Epidemiology and Infection. 2021;149:e227. doi: 10.1017/S0950268821002181.

Leong JC. Tuberculosis of the spine. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British volüme. 1993;75(2):173-175. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.75B2.8444930.

Yee DK, Samartzis D, Wong YW,et al. Infective spondylitis in Southern Chinese: a descriptive and comparative study of ninety-one cases. Spine. 2010; 35(6): 635-641. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cff4f6.

Gupta A, Kowalski TJ, Osmon DR, et al. Long-term outcome of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a cohort study of 260 patients. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2014;1(3):ofu107. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofu107.

Cebrián Parra JL, Saez-Arenillas Martin A., Urda Martinez-Aedo AL, at al. Management of infectious discitis. Outcome in one hundred and eight patients in a university hospital. International orthopaedics. 2012;36(2):239–244. doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1445-x.

Aagaard T, Roed C, Dragsted C, et al. Microbiological and therapeutic challenges in infectious spondylodiscitis: a cohort study of 100 cases, 2006–2011. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2013;45(6):417-424. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2012.753160.

Park K-H, Cho OH, Jung M, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis caused by gram-negative bacteria. The Journal of Infection. 2014;69(1): 42-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.02.009.

Mulleman D, Philippe P, Senneville E, et al. Streptococcal and enterococcal spondylodiscitis (vertebral osteomyelitis). High incidence of infective endocarditis in 50 cases. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2006;33(1):91-97

Lee CY, Wu MH, Cheng CC, et al. Comparison of gram-negative and gram-positive hematogenous pyogenic spondylodiscitis: clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(1):735. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-2071-4.

Patzakis MJ, Rao S, Wilkins J et al. Analysis of 61 cases of vertebral osteomyelitis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1991;264:178-183.

D’Agostino C, Scorzolini L, Massetti AP, et al. A seven-year prospective study on spondylodiscitis: epidemiological and microbiological features. Infection. 2010;38(2):102-107. doi: 10.1007/s15010-009-9340-8.

Chuo CY, Fu YC, Lu YM, et al. Spinal infection in intravenous drug abusers. Journal of Spinal Disorders Techniques. 2007;20(4):324-328. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31802c144a.

Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, et al. Increased short- and long-term mortality among patients with infectious spondylodiscitis compared with a reference population. The Spine Journal. 2015; 15(6):1233-1240. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.02.021.

Up to date. Vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis in adults. https://e1c9b1a9cc9b2679354d789c7627a4c889c411cc.vetisonline.com/contents/vertebral-osteomyelitis-and-discitis-in-adults?search=vertebral%20osteomiyelit&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1%7E70&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 [Accessed: 5 May 2024]

Kim CW, Currier BL, Eismont FJ. Infections of the spine. In: Herkowitz HN, Garfin SR, Eismont FJ, Bell GR, Balderston RA (ed). Rothman-Simeone the spine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2011. p. 1513-1570.

O'Daly BJ, Morris SF, O'Rourke SK. Long-term functional outcome in pyogenic spinal infection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(8):E246-E253. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816b8872.

Kim BJ, Lee JW, Kim SJ, et al. Diagnostic yield of fluoroscopy-guided biopsy for infectious spondylitis. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2013;34(1):233-238. Doi:103174/ajnr.A3120

Acosta Jr FL, Galvez LF, Aryan HE, et all. Recent advances: infections of the spine. Current Infectious Disease Reports. 2006 ;8(5):390-393. doi: 10.1007/s11908-006-0050-4.

Bernard L, Dinh A, Ghout I, et all. Antibiotic treatment for 6 weeks versus 12 weeks in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: an open-label, noninferiority, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2015; 385(9971): 875–882.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61233-2

Christian Herren C, Jung N, Pishnamaz M, et all. Spondylodiscitis: Diagnosis and Treatment Options. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 2017; 114: 875-882.doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0875.

Grados F, Lescure FX, Senneville E, et all. Suggestions for managing pyogenic (nontuberculous) discitis in adults. Joint Bone Spine. 2007; 74(2):133–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.11.002.

Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Français (SPILF). Primary infectious spondylitis and following intradiscal procedure, without prosthesis. Recommendations. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 2007; 37(9):573-583. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2007.03.007.

Li H-K, Rombach I, Zambellas R, et al. Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2019; 380(5):425-436