Bitki Doku Kültürü Ürünlerinin Ticarileşmesi
Özet
Bitki doku kültürü (BDK), tarımsal üretimde yüksek çoğaltma hızı, genetik yeknesaklık ve hastalıksız materyal temini sağlaması nedeniyle son 50 yılda küresel ölçekte stratejik bir üretim teknolojisine dönüşmüştür. Günümüzde Hindistan, Çin, Hollanda ve Almanya gibi ülkeler; ölçek ekonomisi, devlet destekleri ve güçlü Ar-Ge–sanayi iş birlikleri sayesinde BDK’nin ticarileşmesinde öncü konumdadır. Küresel BDK pazarı istikrarlı bir büyüme eğilimi sergilerken, meyve anaçları ve süs bitkileri en yüksek ticari paya sahip ürün gruplarıdır. Başarılı ticarileşme doğru genotip seçimi, pazar odaklı üretim planlaması, otomasyon, kalite standardizasyonu ve uluslararası sertifikasyon süreçlerinin eşgüdümüne bağlıdır. Yeni başlayan girişimler için kısa vadeli klonal üretim modelleri yerine uzun soluklu Ar-Ge, fikri mülkiyet ve marka stratejileri kritik önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de ise BDK sektörü sınırlı sayıda firma etrafında yoğunlaşmış, özellikle odunsu meyve anaçları ve iç mekan süs bitkilerine yönelim artmıştır. Ancak yüksek işçilik maliyetleri, otomasyon eksikliği ve zayıf üniversite-sanayi entegrasyonu, küresel rekabet gücünü sınırlayan temel unsurlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
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