Haploid ve Katlanmış Haploid Bitkilerin Üretimi

Yazarlar

Nebahat Sarı
Şebnem Ellialtıoğlu

Özet

Bitkilerde, uyartılmış haploid üretimi (in vitro veya in vivo), bitki ıslahı ve genetik araştırmalarındaki önemli potansiyel uygulamaları nedeniyle giderek artan bir ilgi görmektedir. Bu strateji, androjenik veya ginegenik yolla nesiller boyunca geleneksel kendilemenin aksine, double haploidy yoluyla homozigot bitkilerin hızlı üretimini sağlar. Haploidi tipik olarak tohum gelişiminin başlangıcında başlar ve mayoz, döllenme, gamet entegrasyonu ve kromozomal bütünlüğün korunması sırasında kritik roller oynayan, baba veya anne ait birkaç önemli gen tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Bunun yanında haploid uyartımını etkileyen çevre ve yetiştircilik koşulları, in virto koşullar ve uyartım ortamları ile de önemli keşifler yapılmıştır.  Elde edilen bilgiler, verimli haploidler üreten veya uyartan hatların geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu faktörlerin altında yatan moleküler ve genetik mekanizmalar önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterir ve bu da bitkiler için yaygın olarak uygulanabilir haploid indüksiyon sistemleri oluşturmayı zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bölüm, androjenik ve ginegenik haploid uyartımındaki son keşifleri/ gelişmeleri ve bunu etkileyen faktörleri özetlemekte ve ebeveyn faktör manipülasyonunun uygulanması yoluyla verimli haploid uyartıcı sistemleri daha da geliştirmek için mevcut anlayışlarını ve işlevselliklerini incelemektedir.

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