Embriyo Kültürü
Özet
Bu bölümde embriyo kültürünün tanımı, embriyo kültüründe başarıyı etkileyen faktörler ve embriyo kültürünün kullanım alanları anlatılmıştır. Embriyo kültürü, canlı bitki elde etmek amacıyla steril koşullarda, aseptik besin ortamında olgunlaşmamış veya olgun zigotik embriyoların izole edilip büyütülmesi olarak tanımlanır. Embriyonun zedelenmeden izolasyonu, uygun besin ortamı protokolü ve embriyonik gelişimin sürdürülmesi oldukça önemlidir. Embriyo kültürü; türler/cinsler arası melezlemelerde veya farklı ploidilerde görülen uyuşmazlıklar nedeniyle gelişemeyen embriyoların embriyo kurtarma ile yaşatılması, haploidizasyon çalışmalarında (örneğin ışınlanmış polenle tozlama sonrası) embriyoların kurtarılması ve üretim–ıslah süreçlerinin hızlandırılması gibi geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Ayrıca dormansinin kırılması, üreme döngüsünün kısaltılması ve seçilimin hızlandırılması gibi amaçlara katkı sağlar. Başarıyı etkileyen kritik değişkenler; genotip etkisi, embriyonun gelişim dönemi, olgun–olgunlaşmamış embriyolarda farklılaşan prosedürler ve besin ortamı bileşimi olarak özetlenebilir; MS/B5 gibi besin ortamlarının embriyo evresine göre modifikasyon gerektirebileceği belirtilir.
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