Somatik Embriyogenesis
Özet
Bu bölümde, bitki doku kültüründe rejenerasyonun temel yollarından biri olan somatik embriyogenezis ayrıntılı biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Somatik embriyogenezis, farklılaşmış somatik hücrelerin yeniden programlanarak embriyoya benzer yapılar oluşturması ve bu yapıların gelişerek tam bir bitkiye dönüşmesi sürecidir. Bölümde, somatik embriyogenezisin tanımı, tarihsel gelişimi ve totipotensi kavramı açıklanmış; direkt ve indirekt somatik embriyogenezis yolları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sürecin eksplant seçiminden başlayarak embriyo olgunlaşması, çimlenme ve bitkiciğe dönüşüm aşamalarına kadar uzanan çok basamaklı yapısı ayrıntılı olarak sunulmuştur. Ayrıca besin ortamı bileşimi, bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri, stres faktörleri ve embriyogeneziste rol oynayan genler gibi süreci etkileyen temel unsurlar ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, somatik embriyogenezisin kitlesel üretim, sentetik tohum teknolojisi, genetik mühendisliği ve sekonder metabolit üretimi gibi biyoteknolojik uygulamalardaki önemi vurgulanmaktadır.
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