Türkiye’de Parmak ve Avuç İzlerinin Toplanması, Muhafazası ve İncelenmesi: Ceza Muhakemesi ve Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Bağlamında Bir Mevzuat Analizi
Özet
Türkiye’de parmak ve avuç izi uygulamaları hem adli incelemelerde delil aracı hem de kişisel veri olarak değerlendirilmesi nedeniyle yapılandırılmış bir hukuki çerçeve ile düzenlenmiştir. Parmak izleri anne karnında oluşmaya başlayıp yaşam boyu büyük ölçüde değişmeden kaldığından, kimliklendirme ve suç soruşturmalarında güvenilir bir delil olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mevzuat bu izlerin ceza muhakemesi süreçlerinde kullanımı sırasında bireylerin temel hak ve özgürlüklerinin korunmasını, ayrıca veri koruma standartlarına uyulmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. AFIS gibi otomatik tanımlama sistemleri, ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde hızlı ve güvenilir eşleştirme imkânı sağlasa da sistemlerin etkinliği hukuki, etik ve teknik standartlara bağlıdır. Türkiye’deki mevcut mevzuat, parmak ve avuç izlerinin alınması, muhafazası ve incelenmesine ilişkin yetkili mercilerin sorumluluklarını ve uygulanacak prosedürleri açıkça belirlemektedir. Uluslararası düzenlemelerle karşılaştırmalar, özellikle temel hakların korunması ile soruşturma etkinliği arasında dengelerin sağlanması konusunda iyileştirme alanlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede hukuki ve etik denetim, parmak ve avuç izi uygulamalarının hem adli süreçlerde doğru ve etkin kullanılmasını hem de kişisel verilerin güvenliğinin sağlanmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Türkiye’deki düzenlemelerin anlaşılması, biyometrik delillerin operasyonel, hukuki ve etik boyutlarını değerlendirmek açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.
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