Yorgunluk ve Kanıta Dayalı Tedavi Bakım Uygulamaları
Özet
Hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören bireyler, diyaliz tedavileri sırasında ve sonrasında yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz etkileyen yüksek bir semptom yüküyle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu bireylerde tedavi sürecinde yorgunluk, kas krampları, vücut ağrıları, uykusuzluk, anksiyete ve depresyon gibi farklı semptomlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu süreçte en yaygın görülen, sıkıntı verici ve yıpratıcı semptomlardan biri yorgunluktur. Yorgunluk hemodiyaliz hastalarını en çok etkileyen semptom olmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda kardiyovasküler olay ve mortalite riskini de artırmakta ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini ciddi bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Oldukça yaygın olmasına rağmen, yorgunluk diyaliz popülasyonunda genellikle fark edilmeyen ve yeterince tedavi edilmeyen bir semptomdur. Yeterli ölçüm yönteminin olmaması, sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcılarının farkındalığının eksikliği ve yorgunluğun karmaşık patogenezi, yorgunluğu tedavi etmek için etkili müdahalelerin geliştirilmesini engellemiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yorgunluğun hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda yönetimi ile ilgili kanıta dayalı rehberler de sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu rehberlere göre, hemşirelerin geçerliliği kanıtlanmış bir araç kullanarak hastaların yorgunluğunu ve bu yorgunluğun günlük yaşamlarını nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirmeleri, hastalara ve ailelerine yorgunluğun yönetimine ilişkin eğitim ve danışmanlık vermeleri önerilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, hemodiyaliz hastalarında yorgunlukla ilgili yaşadıkları semptomların belirlenmesine ve yorgunluğun yönetimine ilişkin yeni araştırmalar planlanması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
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