Kaempferol: Phytochemical Structure and Biological Activities
Özet
Natural products and their bioactive compounds have been used for centuries to prevent and treat numerous diseases. Studies have demonstrated that kaempferol, a flavonoid abundant in vegetables, fruits, and spices, exhibits a variety of biological activities. Kaempferol's biological effects are multifaceted and are particularly notable for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. These effects occur through various molecular processes, including free radical scavenging capacity, regulation of antioxidant enzymes, suppression of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of the cell cycle and apoptotic mechanisms. Furthermore, kaempferol affects gene expression and cellular metabolism by targeting important cellular signaling pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated kaempferol's potential to reduce proliferation in cancer cells, inhibit metastasis, and increase sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. It is also reported to improve vascular function against cardiovascular diseases, reduce lipid peroxidation, and exhibit endothelial protective effects. Although there is promising evidence for its ability to manage diseases, further research is vital to understand its toxicity, safety aspects, and mechanism of action in health management. This chapter comprehensively reviews the chemical structure, biological activity mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of kaempferol in light of current literature.
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