Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olgularında Yaşam Kalitesi
Özet
Yaşam kalitesi (YK) fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal bileşenlerin, bireysel özellikler ve çevresel değişkenler tarafından etkilendiği çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylerinin yaşam kalitesini iyileştirebilmek için, yaşam kaliteleriyle ilişkili faktörleri bilmemiz gerekmektedir. OSB’li çocukların motor yeterlilik düzeyleri, duyusal profilleri, aktivite bağımsızlık seviyeleri ve katılım düzeyleri, tipik gelişim gösteren çocuklara göre daha zayıftır. Ayrıca iletişim bozukluğu, konuşma problemleri, tekrarlayan davranışlar, duyusal hassasiyetler, motor ve koordinasyon problemleri, öğrenme farklılıkları, anksiyete, uyku ve beslenme problemleri nedeni ile evde, sosyal yaşamda, okul ve iş ortamında, hem hastanın hem de ailelerinin yaşam kalitesi olumsuz yönde etkilenir. Bu nedenle, OSB'li çocukların YK fiziksel ve psikososyal sağlık ile duygusal, sosyal ve okul işlevselliği açısından sağlıklı çocuklara göre daha düşüktür. Destek hizmetleri, farklı yaş seviyelerindeki değişen ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde uyarlanmalıdır. Toplumların OSB konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi çocukların ev, okul ve sosyal yaşamda daha fazla kabul görmelerini ve sosyal hayata daha kolay uyum sağlamalarını destekleyerek OSB’li çocukların kendi potansiyellerini gerçekleştirmelerine, bağımsızlık kazanmalarına, sosyal becerilerini geliştirmelerine, kendilerinin ve ailelerinin yaşam kalitelerinin artmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Quality of life (QoL) is a multidimensional concept influenced by physical, psychological, and social components, as well as individual characteristics and environmental variables. In order to improve the quality of life of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is essential to understand the factors associated with their quality of life. The motor proficiency levels, sensory profiles, activity independence, and participation levels of children with ASD are generally weaker compared to typically developing children. Additionally, communication difficulties, speech problems, repetitive behaviors, sensory sensitivities, motor and coordination issues, learning differences, anxiety, sleep and feeding problems negatively affect both the patient and their family's quality of life in home, social, school, and work environments. Therefore, the quality of life of children with ASD is lower in terms of physical and psychosocial health, as well as emotional, social, and academic functionality, compared to healthy children. Support services should be adapted to meet the changing needs of individuals at different age levels. Raising awareness in communities about ASD will help children with ASD be better accepted in their home, school, and social environments, making it easier for them to integrate into society. This, in turn, will contribute to children with ASD realizing their potential, gaining independence, improving their social skills, and enhancing the quality of life for both them and their families.
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