Doğadan Kültüre Uzanan Bir Değer: Hakkari’de Kenger Bitkisinin Ekolojik, Ekonomik ve Sosyo-Kültürel Sürdürülebilirliği
Özet
Yenilebilir yabani bitkiler, insanlık tarihinin erken dönemlerinden itibaren beslenme, tedavi ve kültürel pratiklerin ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuştur. Günümüzde bu türler, özellikle kırsal bölgelerde gıda güvenliği, geçim kaynaklarının çeşitlendirilmesi ve biyokültürel mirasın korunması açısından önemini sürdürmektedir. Türkiye, yüksek biyolojik çeşitliliğiyle yabani yenilebilir bitkiler bakımından zengin bir potansiyele sahiptir. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde doğal yayılış gösteren kenger (Gundelia tournefortii L.), bu potansiyelin öne çıkan türlerinden biridir. Dağlık topoğrafyası, sert karasal iklimi ve belirgin mikroklimatik çeşitliliği ile Hakkâri ili, kengerin ekolojik dağılımı açısından elverişli bir ortam sunmaktadır. Kenger, Hakkâri’de yalnızca bir besin kaynağı değil; aynı zamanda yerel ekonomi, geleneksel bilgi ve kültürel kimlik ile güçlü biçimde ilişkili biyo-kültürel bir değerdir. Ancak iklim değişikliği, habitat bozulması ve aşırı toplama baskısı, türün doğal popülasyonlarını tehdit etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, kengerin ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel boyutlarıyla ele alınması; yerinde koruma, kontrollü toplama ve sürdürülebilir üretim modellerinin geliştirilmesi, türün uzun vadeli korunumu açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.
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