Distoni Tedavisi

Bledsoe IO, Viser AC, San Luciano M. Treatment of Dystonia: Medications, Neurotoxins, Neuromodulation, and Rehabilitation. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2020;17(4):1622-1644. doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00944-0

Koptielow J, Szyłak E, Szewczyk-Roszczenko O, et al. Genetic Update and Treatment for Dystonia. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024;25(7):3571. Published 2024 Mar 22. doi:10.3390/ijms25073571

Bell SA, Tudur Smith C. A comparison of interventional clinical trials in rare versus non-rare diseases: an analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2014;9:170.

Nygaard TG, Marsden CD, Fahn S. Dopa-responsive dystonia: long-term treatment response and prognosis. Neurology. 1991;41(2 ( Pt 1)):174-181. doi:10.1212/wnl.41.2_part_1.174

Wijemanne S, Jankovic J. Dopa-responsive dystonia--clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Nature reviews. Neurology. 2015;11(7):414-424. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.86

Bandmann O, Weiss KH, Kaler SG. Wilson's disease and other neurological copper disorders. The Lancet. Neurology. 2015;14(1):103-113. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70190-5

Jankovic J. Medical treatment of dystonia. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2013;28(7):1001-1012. doi:10.1002/mds.25552

Peall KJ, Kurian MA, Wardle M, et al. SGCE and myoclonus dystonia: motor characteristics, diagnostic criteria and clinical predictors of genotype. Journal of neurology. 2014;261(12):2296-2304. doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7488-3

Albanese A, Barnes MP, Bhatia KP, et al. A systematic review on the diagnosis and treatment of primary (idiopathic) dystonia and dystonia plus syndromes: report of an EFNS/MDS-ES Task Force.

European journal of neurology. 2006;13(5):433-444. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01537.x

Pinninti NR, Faden J, Adityanjee A. Are Second-Generation Antipsychotics Useful in Tardive Dystonia?. Clinical neuropharmacology. 2015;38(5):183-197. doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000106

Aguilar L, Lorenzo C, Fernández-Ovejero R, et al. Tardive Dyskinesia After Aripiprazole Treatment That Improved With Tetrabenazine, Clozapine, and Botulinum Toxin. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019;10:281. Published 2019 Mar 20. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00281

Termsarasab P, Thammongkolchai T, Frucht SJ. Medical treatment of dystonia [published correction appears in J Clin Mov Disord. 2018 Nov 16;5:8. doi: 10.1186/s40734-018-0075-5.]. Journal of clinical movement disorders. 2016;3:19. Published 2016 Dec 19. doi:10.1186/s40734-016-0047-6

Jankovic J. Dopamine depleters in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2016;17(18):2461-2470. doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1258063

Deik A, Aamodt W, Cadet C, et al. An Open-Label Pilot Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Deutetrabenazine in Isolated Dystonia. Movement disorders clinical practice. Published online January 4, 2025. doi:10.1002/mdc3.14327

Deffains M, Bergman H. Striatal cholinergic interneurons and cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity in health and disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2015;30(8):1014-1025. doi:10.1002/mds.26300

Burke RE, Fahn S, Marsden CD. Torsion dystonia: a double-blind, prospective trial of high-dosage trihexyphenidyl. Neurology. 1986;36(2):160-164. doi:10.1212/wnl.36.2.160

Garibotto V, Romito LM, Elia AE, et al. In vivo evidence for GABA(A) receptor changes in the sensorimotor system in primary dystonia. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2011;26(5):852-857. doi:10.1002/mds.23553

Evidente VG. Zolpidem improves dystonia in "Lubag" or X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome. Neurology. 2002;58(4):662-663. doi:10.1212/wnl.58.4.662

Miyazaki Y, Sako W, Asanuma K, et al. Efficacy of zolpidem for dystonia: a study among different subtypes.

Frontiers in neurology. 2012;3:58. Published 2012 Apr 17. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00058

Frucht SJ, Bordelon Y, Houghton WH, et al. A pilot tolerability and efficacy trial of sodium oxybate in ethanol-responsive movement disorders. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2005;20(10):1330-1337. doi:10.1002/mds.20605

Simpson DM, Hallett M, Ashman EJ, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2016;86(19):1818-1826. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002560

Jost WH, Tatu L. Selection of Muscles for Botulinum Toxin Injections in Cervical Dystonia. Movement disorders clinical practice. 2015;2(3):224-226. Published 2015 May 7. doi:10.1002/mdc3.12172

Jost WH, Tatu L, Pandey S, et al. Frequency of different subtypes of cervical dystonia: a prospective multicenter study according to Col-Cap concept. Journal of neural transmission. 2020;127(1):45-50. doi:10.1007/s00702-019-02116-7

Bilyk JR, Yen MT, Bradley EA, et al. Chemodenervation for the Treatment of Facial Dystonia: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(9):1459-1467. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.013

Ozzello DJ, Giacometti JN. Botulinum Toxins for Treating Essential Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm. International ophthalmology clinics. 2018;58(1):49-61. doi:10.1097/IIO.0000000000000203

Comella CL. Systematic review of botulinum toxin treatment for oromandibular dystonia. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. 2018;147:96-99. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.006

Blitzer A. Spasmodic dysphonia and botulinum toxin: experience from the largest treatment series. European journal of neurology. 2010;17 Suppl 1:28-30. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03047.x

Payne S, Tisch S, Cole I, et al. The clinical spectrum of laryngeal dystonia includes dystonic cough: observations of a large series. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2014;29(6):729-735. doi:10.1002/mds.25865

Woisard V, Liu X, Bes MC, et al. Botulinum toxin injection in laryngeal dyspnea. European archives of otorhinolaryngology. 2017;274(2):909-917. doi:10.1007/s00405-016-4289-6

Lungu C, Karp BI, Alter K, et al. Long-term follow-up of botulinum toxin therapy for focal hand dystonia: outcome at 10 years or more. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2011;26(4):750-753. doi:10.1002/mds.23504

Molloy FM, Shill HA, Kaelin-Lang A, et al. Accuracy of muscle localization without EMG: implications for treatment of limb dystonia. Neurology. 2002;58(5):805-807. doi:10.1212/wnl.58.5.805

Rieu I, Degos B, Castelnovo G, et al. Incobotulinum toxin A in Parkinson's disease with foot dystonia: A double blind randomized trial. Parkinsonism and related disorders. 2018;46:9-15. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.009

Gupta AD, Visvanathan R. Botulinum toxin for foot dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease having deep brain stimulation: A case series and a pilot study.

Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2016;48(6):559-562. doi:10.2340/16501977-2094

Krack P, Vercueil L. Review of the functional surgical treatment of dystonia. European journal of neurology. 2001;8(5):389-399. doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00231.x

Ostrem JL, Starr PA. Treatment of dystonia with deep brain stimulation. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2008;5(2):320-330. doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.01.002

Krishna V, Sammartino F, Rezai A. A Review of the Current Therapies, Challenges, and Future Directions of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Technology: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA Neurology.2018;75(2):246–254. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3129

Fasano A, Llinas M, Munhoz RP, et al. M. MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy in non-ET tremor syndromes. Neurology. 2017;89(8), 771-775.

Horisawa S, Yamaguchi T, Abe K, et al. A single case of MRI-guided focused ultrasound ventro-oral thalamotomy for musician’s dystonia. Journal of neurosurgery. 2018;131(2), 384-386.

Vidailhet M, Vercueil L, Houeto JL, et al. Bilateral, pallidal, deep-brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia: a prospective 3 year follow-up study. The Lancet. Neurology. 2007;6(3), 223-229

Volkmann J, Mueller J, Deuschl G, et al. Pallidal neurostimulation in patients with medication-refractory cervical dystonia: a randomised, sham-controlled trial. The Lancet. Neurology. 2014;13(9), 875-884.

Volkmann J, Wolters A, Kupsch A, et al. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with primary generalised or segmental dystonia: 5-year follow-up of a randomised trial. The Lancet. Neurology. 2012;11(12), 1029-1038.

Tagliati M, Krack P, Volkmann J, et al. Long‐term management of DBS in dystonia: response to stimulation, adverse events, battery changes, and special considerations. Movement Disorders. 2011;26(S1), S54-S62.

Trottenberg T, Volkmann J, Deuschl G, et al. Treatment of severe tardive dystonia with pallidal deep brain stimulation. Neurology. 2005;64(2):344-346. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000149762.80932.55

Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rouaud T, Thobois S, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of bilateral pallidal stimulation to treat tardive dyskinesia. Neurology. 2016;86.

Jinnah HA. Medical and surgical treatments for dystonia. Neurologic Clinics. 2020;38(2), 325-348.

Ostrem JL, San Luciano M, Dodenhoff KA, et al. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in isolated dystonia: a 3-year follow-up study. Neurology. 2017;88(1), 25-35.

Fasano A, Bove F, Lang AE. The treatment of dystonic tremor: a systematic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2014;85(7), 759-769.

Lee DJ, Lozano CS, Dallapiazza RF, et al. Current and future directions of deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders: JNSPG 75th Anniversary Invited Review Article. Journal of neurosurgery. 2019;131(2), 333-342.

Starr PA, Turner RS, Rau G, et al. Microelectrode-guided implantation of deep brain stimulators into the globus pallidus internus for dystonia: techniques, electrode locations, and outcomes. Journal of neurosurgery. 2016;104(4), 488-501.

Videnovic A, Metman LV. Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: prevalence of adverse events and need for standardized reporting. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2008;23(3), 343-349.

Air EL, Ostrem JL, Sanger TD, et al. Deep brain stimulation in children: experience and technical pearls. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. 2011;8(6), 566-574.

Zauber SE, Watson N, Comella CL, et al. Stimulation-induced parkinsonism after posteroventral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for craniocervical dystonia: Case report. Journal of neurosurgery. 2009; 110(2), 229-233.

Krack P, Volkmann J, Tinkhauser G, et al. Deep brain stimulation in movement disorders: from experimental surgery to evidence‐based therapy. Movement Disorders. 2019;34(12), 1795-1810.

Prudente CN, Zetterberg L, Bring A, et al. Systematic Review of Rehabilitation in Focal Dystonias: Classification and Recommendations. Movement disorders clinical practice. 2018;5(3):237-245. Published 2018 Mar 13. doi:10.1002/mdc3.12574

Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ : British medical journal / British Medical Association. 2008;336(7650):924-926. doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD

Pirio Richardson S, Altenmüller E, Alter K, et al. Research Priorities in Limb and Task-Specific Dystonias. Frontiers in neurology. 2017;8:170. Published 2017 May 3. doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00170