Farklı Alanlarda Karşılaşılan Etik Sorunlar
Özet
Referanslar
Kaczmarek A, Żok A, Baum E. Ethical principles across countries: does ‘ethical’ mean the same everywhere? Front Public Health. 2025;13. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579778
Tangwa G. Ethical principles in health research and review process. Acta Trop. 2009;112(Suppl 1):S2-S7. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.031
Bhagwat S, Pai S. Medical ethics in laboratory medicine: a review, with an oath for pathologists. Indian J Med Ethics. 2020;V1:39-44. doi:10.20529/ijme.2020.02
Varkey B. Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Med Princ Pract. 2021;30:17-28. doi:10.1159/000509119
Lv B. Dilemma and countermeasures of informed consent of clinical patients in digital medicine era. J Clin Med Res. 2025;6(2). doi:10.32629/jcmr.v6i2.4048
Keenan A, Tsourtos G, Tieman J. The value of applying ethical principles in telehealth practices: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23. doi:10.2196/25698
Nittari G, Khuman R, Baldoni S, et al. Telemedicine practice: review of the current ethical and legal challenges. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26:1427-1437. doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0158
Baliga M, Marakala V, Madathil L, et al. Ethical and moral principles for oncology healthcare workers: a brief report from a bioethics consortium emphasizing the need for education. J Educ Health Promot. 2024;13. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1048_23
Mishkin A, Zabinski J, Holt G, et al. Ensuring privacy in telemedicine: ethical and clinical challenges. J Telemed Telecare. 2022;29:217-221. doi:10.1177/1357633X221134952
Efetürk E. Palyatif Bakımın Esasları.(1.Baskı). İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2025. p.140-148.
Ng I. Informed consent in clinical practice: old problems, new challenges. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2024;54:153-158. doi:10.1177/14782715241247087
Valešić M, Čivljak M, Puljak L. Informed consent and ethics committee involvement in case reports and case series: cross-sectional meta-research study. BMC Med Ethics. 2025;26. doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01226-0
Taquette S, Da Matta Souza L. Ethical dilemmas in qualitative research: a critical literature review. Int J Qual Methods. 2022;21. doi:10.1177/16094069221078731
Berlin L. Medical errors, malpractice, and defensive medicine: an ill-fated triad. Diagnosis (Berl). 2017;4:133-139. doi:10.1515/dx-2017-0007
Li H, Dong S, Liao Z, et al. Retrospective analysis of medical malpractice claims in tertiary hospitals of China: the view from patient safety. BMJ Open. 2020;10. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034681
Oyebode F. Clinical errors and medical negligence. Med Princ Pract. 2006;22:323-333. doi:10.1159/000346296
Newman-Toker D, Schaffer A, Yu-Moe C, et al. Serious misdiagnosis-related harms in malpractice claims: the "Big Three"–vascular events, infections, and cancers. Diagnosis (Berl). 2019;6:227-240. doi:10.1515/dx-2019-0019
Miyagami T, Watari T, Harada T, et al. Medical malpractice and diagnostic errors in Japanese emergency departments. West J Emerg Med. 2023;24:340-347. doi:10.5811/westjem.2022.11.55738
Zhang R, Pang L, Wang L. Exploring the ethics and responsibilities of internship medical students in the doctor-patient relationship. J Glob Humanit Soc Sci. 2023;3(2). doi:10.61360/bonighss23201420807
Luo E, Bhuiyan M, Wang G, et al. PrivacyProtector: privacy-protected patient data collection in IoT-based healthcare systems. IEEE Commun Mag. 2018;56:163-168. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700364
Santhi N. Patient data privacy challenges in electronic health systems: a juridical analysis of medical information protection in Indonesia. West Sci Law Hum Rights. 2025;3(1). doi:10.58812/wslhr.v3i01.1577
McGraw D, Mandl K. Privacy protections to encourage use of health-relevant digital data in a learning health system. NPJ Digit Med. 2021;4. doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00362-8
Murdoch B. Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era. BMC Med Ethics. 2021;22. doi:10.1186/s12910-021-00687-3
Tipare R, Mhaske S. Micro ethics in contemporary clinical practice. Indian J Med Health Sci. 2020;7(2). doi:10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.7220.9
Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tang S, Luo H. Privacy protection for e-health systems by means of dynamic authentication and three-factor key agreement. IEEE Trans Ind Electron. 2018;65:2795-2805. doi:10.1109/TIE.2017.2739683
Whittaker E, Sinha R, Riordan A, et al. Ethical and legal considerations in the care of children and young people with high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs): an approach to decision making. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2025;9(3):205-210. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00353-5
Drey N, Chudleigh J, Wigglesworth N, Purssell E. Isolating infectious patients: organizational, clinical, and ethical issues. Am J Infect Control. 2018;46:e65-e69. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.05.024
Kılıç R, Hatipoğlu A, Güneş C. Quarantine and its legal dimension. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50:544-548. doi:10.3906/sag-2004-153
Sert G, Mega E, Dedeoğlu A. Protecting privacy in mandatory reporting of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from a developing country. J Med Ethics. 2021;47. doi:10.1136/medethics-2021-107372
Navale S. Ethical consideration in clinical trials. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2025;13(1). doi:10.22214/ijraset.2025.69508
Ehidiamen A, Oladapo O. Enhancing ethical standards in clinical trials: a deep dive into regulatory compliance, informed consent, and participant rights protection frameworks. World J Biol Pharm Health Sci. 2024;20(1). doi:10.30574/wjbphs.2024.20.1.0788
Morain S, Bollinger J, Weinfurt K, Sugarman J. Ethics challenges in sharing data from pragmatic clinical trials. Clin Trials. 2022;19:681-689. doi:10.1177/17407745221110881
Williams G, Pigeot I. Consent and confidentiality in the light of recent demands for data sharing. Biom J. 2017;59. doi:10.1002/bimj.201500044
Tucker K, Branson J, Dilleen M, et al. Protecting patient privacy when sharing patient-level data from clinical trials. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16. doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0169-4
Thorogood A, Knoppers B. Can research ethics committees enable clinical trial data sharing? Ethics Med Public Health. 2017;3:56-63. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2017.02.010
Rathore F, Farooq F, Maina T, et al. Ethical challenges and strategies in conducting research with vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. Ann King Edward Med Univ. 2025;31(1). doi:10.21649/akemu.v31i1.5775
Lampa E, Warner G, Sarkadi A, et al. Ethical perspectives of the involvement of vulnerable populations in health research. Eur J Public Health. 2022;32. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.222
Davidson N, Hammarberg K, Fisher J. Ethical considerations in research with people from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds: a systematic review of national and international ethics guidelines. J Bioeth Inq. 2023;21:261-284. doi:10.1007/s11673-023-10297-w
Bradbury-Jones C, Isham L, Taylor J. The complexities and contradictions in participatory research with vulnerable children and young people: a qualitative systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2018;215:80-91. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.038
Huang C, Zhang Z, Mao B. An overview of artificial intelligence ethics. IEEE Trans Artif Intell. 2023;4:799-819. doi:10.1109/TAI.2022.3194503
Kreutzer T, Orbinski J, Appel L, et al. Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics. 2025;26. doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01189-2
Guan H, Dong L, Zhao A. Ethical risk factors and mechanisms in artificial intelligence decision making. Behav Sci (Basel). 2022;12. doi:10.3390/bs12090343
Kamila M, Jasrotia S. Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence: recognizing the risks. Int J Ethics Syst. 2023; doi:10.1108/IJOES-05-2023-0107
Shahriar S, Allana S, Hazratifard S. A survey of privacy risks and mitigation strategies in the artificial intelligence life cycle. IEEE Access. 2023;11:61829-61854. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3287195
Ahmed I. Navigating ethics and risk in artificial intelligence applications within information technology: a systematic review. Am J Adv Technol Eng Solut. 2025; doi:10.63125/590d7098
Ahmed R. The significance of bioethics as an ethical inquiry into science. Sci Educ Innov Mod Probl. 2025; doi:10.56334/sei/8.4.65
Kumar S, Shaikh N. A study of future of artificial intelligence (AI) in ethical decision-making in research. Allana Manag J Res. 2025; doi:10.62223/amjr.2025.150102
Beltran-Aroca C, Ruiz-Montero R, Labella F, et al. The role of undergraduate medical students’ training in respect for patient confidentiality. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21. doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02689-6
Bremer A, Holmberg M. Ethical conflicts in patient relationships: experiences of ambulance nursing students. Nurs Ethics. 2020;27:946-959. doi:10.1177/0969733020911077
Ye H. Follow informed patient consent in clinical teaching in order to achieve a truly patient-centered approach. J Patient Exp. 2024;11. doi:10.1177/23743735241273669
Chandra A. Ethical issues and proposed solutions in conducting practical assessment of medical students involving patients. Indian J Med Ethics. 2024;IX(3):217-222. doi:10.20529/ijme.2024.034
Gryspeerdt L. Bearing witness and the ethical place of the medical student. J Med Ethics. 2025; doi:10.1136/jme-2025-110909
Jatining H, Argo W, Aritonang S, et al. Plagiarism in graduate education in Indonesia: a threat to academic quality and reputation. Int J Humanit Educ Soc Sci. 2025; doi:10.55227/ijhess.v4i4.1396
Sozon M, Alkharabsheh O, Fong P, et al. Cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions: a literature review. F1000Res. 2024;13. doi:10.12688/f1000research.147140.2
Mulenga R, Shilongo H. Academic integrity in higher education: understanding and addressing plagiarism. Acta Pedagog Asiana. 2024; doi:10.53623/apga.v3i1.337
Bing Z, Leong W. AI on academic integrity and plagiarism detection. ASM Sci J. 2025; doi:10.32802/asmscj.2025.1918
Fatemi G, Saito E. Unintentional plagiarism and academic integrity: the challenges and needs of postgraduate international students in Australia. J Furth High Educ. 2019;44:1305-1319. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2019.1683521
Eshet Y. The plagiarism pandemic: inspection of academic dishonesty during the COVID-19 outbreak using originality software. Educ Inf Technol. 2023;29:3279-3299. doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11967-3
Arslan S, Dinç L. Nursing students’ perceptions of faculty members’ ethical/unethical attitudes. Nurs Ethics. 2017;24:789-801. doi:10.1177/0969733015625366
Jafari E, Alamolhoda J. Lived experience of faculty members of ethics in virtual education. Technol Knowl Learn. 2021;28:387-405. doi:10.1007/s10758-021-09577-4
Masters K. Ethical use of artificial intelligence in health professions education: AMEE Guide No. 158. Med Teach. 2023;45:574-584. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2023.2186203
Rautela S, Panackal N, Sharma A. Modeling and analysis of barriers to ethics in online assessment by TISM and fuzzy MICMAC analysis. Asian J Bus Ethics. 2022;11:111-138. doi:10.1007/s13520-022-00158-x
Ay F. Workplace mobbing as a form of serious workplace conflict: a bibliometric analysis of studies from 1990 to 2024. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2025; doi:10.1177/15248380251349772
Donar G, Yesilaydin G. The evaluation of mobbing cases in the healthcare sector based on Supreme Court case law in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022; doi:10.1111/ppc.13137
Curcic D. Mobbing of healthcare workers on the territory of Arandjelovac. Int J Manag Trends Key Concepts Res. 2025; doi:10.58898/ijmt.v3i2.58-70
Da Silva João A, Portelada A. Mobbing and its impact on interpersonal relationships at the workplace. J Interpers Violence. 2019;34:2797-2812. doi:10.1177/0886260516662850
Šagátová E, Rottková J, Padyšaková H, et al. Workplace mobbing among nurses in Slovakia: the impact of education, workplace type, and job position. Int Nurs Rev. 2025;72(3):e70072. doi:10.1111/inr.70072
Sayılan A, Aydın A. Mobbing among healthcare workers: a review of research findings and methods of struggling. J New Results Sci. 2020;17:185-193. doi:10.14687/jhs.v17i1.5364
Yip J. Healthcare resource allocation in the COVID-19 pandemic: ethical considerations from the perspective of distributive justice within public health. Public Health Pract. 2021;2. doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100111
Hsieh H, Lin C, Huang R, et al. Challenges for medical students in applying ethical principles to allocate life-saving medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic: content analysis. JMIR Med Educ. 2023;10. doi:10.2196/52711
Butler C, Webster L, Diekema D. Staffing crisis capacity: a different approach to healthcare resource allocation for a different type of scarce resource. J Med Ethics. 2022;50:647-649. doi:10.1136/jme-2022-108262
Ahmed G, Binmahfouz B, Hambishi A, et al. Policy and ethical considerations in the allocation of healthcare resources. J Healthc Sci. 2024; doi:10.52533/johs.2024.40912
McGuire A, McConnell P. Resource allocation in ICU: ethical considerations. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019; doi:10.1097/ACO.0000000000000688
Goold S. The COVID-19 pandemic: critical care allocated in extremis. Am J Bioeth. 2020;20:6-8. doi:10.1080/15265161.2020.1754099
Tolchin B, Hull S, Kraschel K. Triage and justice in an unjust pandemic: ethical allocation of scarce medical resources in the setting of racial and socioeconomic disparities. J Med Ethics. 2020;47:200-202. doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106457
Arık T, Michl S. Ethics committees' practices in healthcare, banking and research: key requirements for their functionality. J Eval Clin Pract. 2025;31. doi:10.1111/jep.14310
Civaner M. The effectiveness of a hospital ethics committee in a non-Western country: lessons from a ten-year experience. Asian Bioeth Rev. 2024;16(4):615-634. doi:10.1007/s41649-024-00289-2
Raoofi S, Arefi S, Zarnaq R, et al. Challenges of hospital ethics committees: a phenomenological study. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2021;14. doi:10.18502/jmehm.v14i26.8282
Holmes A, Bugeja L, Ibrahim J. Role of a clinical ethics committee in residential aged long-term care settings: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.053
Moon M. Institutional ethics committees. Pediatrics. 2019;143. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0659
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Linzer N. An ethical dilemma in home care. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2002;37:23-34. doi:10.1300/J083v37n02_03
Jokinen A, Stolt M, Suhonen R. Ethical issues related to eHealth. Nurs Ethics. 2021;28:253-271. doi:10.1177/0969733020945765
Cordeiro J. Digital technologies and data science as health enablers. Front Med. 2021;8. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.647897
Kuiter S, Herrmann A, Mertz M, et al.Environmental sustainability in clinical decision-making. BMC Med Ethics. 2025;26. doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01230-4
Parker J. Barriers to green inhaler prescribing. J Med Ethics. 2022;49:92-98. doi:10.1136/jme-2022-108388
Horn R, Hall A, Lucassen A. Ethical considerations in prenatal genomic testing. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2024;97:102548. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102548
Koromina M, Fanaras V, Baynam G, et al. Ethics and equity in rare disease research and healthcare. Pers Med. 2021; doi:10.2217/pme-2020-0144
Burke, K. (2022). Editorial to special issue on Ethics in Genetics. Human Genetics, 141, 999-1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-022-02454-9G
Referanslar
Kaczmarek A, Żok A, Baum E. Ethical principles across countries: does ‘ethical’ mean the same everywhere? Front Public Health. 2025;13. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579778
Tangwa G. Ethical principles in health research and review process. Acta Trop. 2009;112(Suppl 1):S2-S7. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.031
Bhagwat S, Pai S. Medical ethics in laboratory medicine: a review, with an oath for pathologists. Indian J Med Ethics. 2020;V1:39-44. doi:10.20529/ijme.2020.02
Varkey B. Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Med Princ Pract. 2021;30:17-28. doi:10.1159/000509119
Lv B. Dilemma and countermeasures of informed consent of clinical patients in digital medicine era. J Clin Med Res. 2025;6(2). doi:10.32629/jcmr.v6i2.4048
Keenan A, Tsourtos G, Tieman J. The value of applying ethical principles in telehealth practices: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23. doi:10.2196/25698
Nittari G, Khuman R, Baldoni S, et al. Telemedicine practice: review of the current ethical and legal challenges. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26:1427-1437. doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0158
Baliga M, Marakala V, Madathil L, et al. Ethical and moral principles for oncology healthcare workers: a brief report from a bioethics consortium emphasizing the need for education. J Educ Health Promot. 2024;13. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1048_23
Mishkin A, Zabinski J, Holt G, et al. Ensuring privacy in telemedicine: ethical and clinical challenges. J Telemed Telecare. 2022;29:217-221. doi:10.1177/1357633X221134952
Efetürk E. Palyatif Bakımın Esasları.(1.Baskı). İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2025. p.140-148.
Ng I. Informed consent in clinical practice: old problems, new challenges. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2024;54:153-158. doi:10.1177/14782715241247087
Valešić M, Čivljak M, Puljak L. Informed consent and ethics committee involvement in case reports and case series: cross-sectional meta-research study. BMC Med Ethics. 2025;26. doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01226-0
Taquette S, Da Matta Souza L. Ethical dilemmas in qualitative research: a critical literature review. Int J Qual Methods. 2022;21. doi:10.1177/16094069221078731
Berlin L. Medical errors, malpractice, and defensive medicine: an ill-fated triad. Diagnosis (Berl). 2017;4:133-139. doi:10.1515/dx-2017-0007
Li H, Dong S, Liao Z, et al. Retrospective analysis of medical malpractice claims in tertiary hospitals of China: the view from patient safety. BMJ Open. 2020;10. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034681
Oyebode F. Clinical errors and medical negligence. Med Princ Pract. 2006;22:323-333. doi:10.1159/000346296
Newman-Toker D, Schaffer A, Yu-Moe C, et al. Serious misdiagnosis-related harms in malpractice claims: the "Big Three"–vascular events, infections, and cancers. Diagnosis (Berl). 2019;6:227-240. doi:10.1515/dx-2019-0019
Miyagami T, Watari T, Harada T, et al. Medical malpractice and diagnostic errors in Japanese emergency departments. West J Emerg Med. 2023;24:340-347. doi:10.5811/westjem.2022.11.55738
Zhang R, Pang L, Wang L. Exploring the ethics and responsibilities of internship medical students in the doctor-patient relationship. J Glob Humanit Soc Sci. 2023;3(2). doi:10.61360/bonighss23201420807
Luo E, Bhuiyan M, Wang G, et al. PrivacyProtector: privacy-protected patient data collection in IoT-based healthcare systems. IEEE Commun Mag. 2018;56:163-168. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700364
Santhi N. Patient data privacy challenges in electronic health systems: a juridical analysis of medical information protection in Indonesia. West Sci Law Hum Rights. 2025;3(1). doi:10.58812/wslhr.v3i01.1577
McGraw D, Mandl K. Privacy protections to encourage use of health-relevant digital data in a learning health system. NPJ Digit Med. 2021;4. doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00362-8
Murdoch B. Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era. BMC Med Ethics. 2021;22. doi:10.1186/s12910-021-00687-3
Tipare R, Mhaske S. Micro ethics in contemporary clinical practice. Indian J Med Health Sci. 2020;7(2). doi:10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.7220.9
Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tang S, Luo H. Privacy protection for e-health systems by means of dynamic authentication and three-factor key agreement. IEEE Trans Ind Electron. 2018;65:2795-2805. doi:10.1109/TIE.2017.2739683
Whittaker E, Sinha R, Riordan A, et al. Ethical and legal considerations in the care of children and young people with high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs): an approach to decision making. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2025;9(3):205-210. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00353-5
Drey N, Chudleigh J, Wigglesworth N, Purssell E. Isolating infectious patients: organizational, clinical, and ethical issues. Am J Infect Control. 2018;46:e65-e69. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.05.024
Kılıç R, Hatipoğlu A, Güneş C. Quarantine and its legal dimension. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50:544-548. doi:10.3906/sag-2004-153
Sert G, Mega E, Dedeoğlu A. Protecting privacy in mandatory reporting of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from a developing country. J Med Ethics. 2021;47. doi:10.1136/medethics-2021-107372
Navale S. Ethical consideration in clinical trials. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2025;13(1). doi:10.22214/ijraset.2025.69508
Ehidiamen A, Oladapo O. Enhancing ethical standards in clinical trials: a deep dive into regulatory compliance, informed consent, and participant rights protection frameworks. World J Biol Pharm Health Sci. 2024;20(1). doi:10.30574/wjbphs.2024.20.1.0788
Morain S, Bollinger J, Weinfurt K, Sugarman J. Ethics challenges in sharing data from pragmatic clinical trials. Clin Trials. 2022;19:681-689. doi:10.1177/17407745221110881
Williams G, Pigeot I. Consent and confidentiality in the light of recent demands for data sharing. Biom J. 2017;59. doi:10.1002/bimj.201500044
Tucker K, Branson J, Dilleen M, et al. Protecting patient privacy when sharing patient-level data from clinical trials. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16. doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0169-4
Thorogood A, Knoppers B. Can research ethics committees enable clinical trial data sharing? Ethics Med Public Health. 2017;3:56-63. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2017.02.010
Rathore F, Farooq F, Maina T, et al. Ethical challenges and strategies in conducting research with vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. Ann King Edward Med Univ. 2025;31(1). doi:10.21649/akemu.v31i1.5775
Lampa E, Warner G, Sarkadi A, et al. Ethical perspectives of the involvement of vulnerable populations in health research. Eur J Public Health. 2022;32. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.222
Davidson N, Hammarberg K, Fisher J. Ethical considerations in research with people from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds: a systematic review of national and international ethics guidelines. J Bioeth Inq. 2023;21:261-284. doi:10.1007/s11673-023-10297-w
Bradbury-Jones C, Isham L, Taylor J. The complexities and contradictions in participatory research with vulnerable children and young people: a qualitative systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2018;215:80-91. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.038
Huang C, Zhang Z, Mao B. An overview of artificial intelligence ethics. IEEE Trans Artif Intell. 2023;4:799-819. doi:10.1109/TAI.2022.3194503
Kreutzer T, Orbinski J, Appel L, et al. Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics. 2025;26. doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01189-2
Guan H, Dong L, Zhao A. Ethical risk factors and mechanisms in artificial intelligence decision making. Behav Sci (Basel). 2022;12. doi:10.3390/bs12090343
Kamila M, Jasrotia S. Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence: recognizing the risks. Int J Ethics Syst. 2023; doi:10.1108/IJOES-05-2023-0107
Shahriar S, Allana S, Hazratifard S. A survey of privacy risks and mitigation strategies in the artificial intelligence life cycle. IEEE Access. 2023;11:61829-61854. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3287195
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