Yoğun Bakım Etiği

Işık MT, Özdemir RC, Serinkaya D. Ethical Attitudes of Intensive Care Nurses during Clinical Practice and Affecting Factors. Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2022;26(3): 288–293. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24143

Secunda KE, Kruse JM. Patient-Centered and Family-Centered Care in the Intensive Care Unit. Clinics in chest medicine, 2022; 43(3): 539–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2022.05.008

Wiesen J, Donatelli C, Smith ML, et al. Medical, ethical, and legal aspects of end-of-life dilemmas in the intensive care unit. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2021;88(9): 516–527. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.88a.14126

Varkey B. Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2021;30(1):17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119

Svantesson M,Griffiths F,White C, et al. Ethical conflicts during the process of deciding about ICU admission: an empirically driven ethical analysis. Journal of medical ethics, 2021;47(12):e87. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106672

Yulianto P, Awaludin S. Ethical principles of autonomy for patients receiving care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU): A concept analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing Science,2024;11(1):28-36. https://doi.org/10.31603/nursing.v11i1.10155

Pan H, Shi W, Zhou Q, et al. Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit: Not Just End-of-life Care. Intensive Care Research,2023;3:77-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44231-022-00009-0

Supady A,Curtis JR, Abrams D, et al. Allocating scarce intensive care resources during the COVID-19 pandemic: practical challenges to theoretical frameworks. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2021;9(4): 430–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30580-4

Battisti D, Picozzi M. Deciding the Criteria Is Not Enough: Moral Issues to Consider for a Fair Allocation of Scarce ICU Resources. Philosophies,2022; 7(5):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7050092

D'Errico S, Padovano M, Scopetti M, et al. Supporting Decision Making in Intensive Care: Ethical Principles for Managing Access to Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in medicine,2021; 8: 787805. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.787805

Palmryd L, Rejnö Å, Alvariza A, et al. Critical care nurses' experiences of ethical challenges in end-of-life care. Nursing ethics, 2025;32(2): 424–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330241252975

Białek K, Sadowski M. Stress, anxiety, depression and basic hope in family members of patients hospitalised in intensive care units – preliminary report. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy.2021; 53(2): 134–140. https://doi.org/10.5114/ait.2021.105728

Sui W,Gong X, Qiao X, et al. Family members' perceptions of surrogate decision-making in the intensive care unit: A systematic review. International journal of nursing studies,2023; 137: 104391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104391

Cezar AG,Castanhel FD, Grosseman S. Needs of family members of patients in intensive care and their perception of medical communication. Critical care science,2023; 35(1): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.5935/2965-2774.20230374-en

Karaca T, Özkan SA.Intensive care nurses’ ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: a qualitative study. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,2021;12(4): 753-759.

Khatib WE, Fawaz M, Al-Shloul M, et al. Critical Care Nurses' Experiences During the Illness of Family Members: A Qualitative Study. SAGE open nursing, 2022; 8: 23779608221132169. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221132169

Kopar PK, Visani A, Squirrell K, et al. Addressing Futility: A Practical Approach. Critical care explorations,2022; 4(7): e0706. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000706

Erdem Önder H, Khorshid L, Sarı D. Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Etik Karar Verme Düzeyleri. Current Perspectives on Health Sciences, 2024;5(1):24-31. https://doi.org/10.58208/cphs.1445823

Andersson M, Nordin A, Engström Å. Critical care nurses' perception of moral distress in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic - A pilot study. Intensive & critical care nursing,2022; 72: 103279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103279

Ozdinc A, Aydin Z,Calim M, et al. Privacy awareness among healthcare professionals in intensive care unit: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Medicine, 2023;102(6): e32930. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000032930

Porter LL, Simons KS, van der Hoeven H, et al. Different perspectives of ethical climate and collaboration between ICU physicians and nurses. Intensive care medicine,2023; 49(5): 600–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-023-07051-6

Giannetta N, Villa G, Bonetti L, et al. Moral Distress Scores of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units for Adults Using Corley's Scale: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022;19(17): 10640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710640

Kuşcu Karatepe H. The effect of nurses’ ethical sensitivity on organizational silence in the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 2022;9(2):285-297. doi:10.54304/SHYD.2022.33255

Yumoto T, Hongo T, Obara T,et al. Evolution and Effects of Ad Hoc Multidisciplinary Team Meetings in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit: A Five-Year Analysis. Journal of clinical medicine,2024; 13(15): 4324. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154324

Asadi N, Salmani F. The experiences of the families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. BMC nursing, 2024;23(1): 430. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02103-8

Kesecioglu J, Rusinova K, Alampi D, et al. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines on end of life and palliative care in the intensive care unit. Intensive care medicine,2024; 50(11): 1740–1766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07579-1

Kwame A, Petrucka PM. A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC nursing,2021; 20(1): 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2

Hafifah I, Wisesrith W, Ua-Kit N, et al. Defining a Good Death in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review. Indian journal of palliative care,2025; 31(3): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJPC_21_2025

Pan H, Shi W, Zhou Q,et al. Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit: Not Just End-of-life Care. Intensive Care Res, 2023;3: 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44231-022-00009-0

Ito K,George N, Wilson J, et al. Primary palliative care recommendations for critical care clinicians. Journal of intensive care, 2022;10(1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-022-00612-9

Ibrahim AM, Zaghamir DEF, Ramadan Abdel-Aziz H,et al. Ethical issues in palliative care: nursing and quality of life. BMC nursing, 2024; 23(1): 854. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02530-7

Ho MH, Liu HC, Joo JY, et al.Critical care nurses' knowledge and attitudes and their perspectives toward promoting advance directives and end-of-life care. BMC nursing, 2022; 21(1): 278. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01066-y

Sesma-Mendaza A, Aranguren-Sesma M, Estraviz-Pardo F,et al. Nurses' knowledge about palliative care in a critical care unit. Enfermeria intensiva,2022; 33(4): 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfie.2021.10.003

Akdeniz M, Yardımcı B, Kavukcu E. Ethical considerations at the end-of-life care. SAGE open medicine, 2021; 9: 20503121211000918. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211000918

Fan SY, Hsieh JG. The Experience of Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and End-of-Life Care Discussions among Physicians. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020;17(18): 6869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186869

Lee SI, Hong KS,Park J, et al.Decision-making regarding withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and the role of intensivists in the intensive care unit: a single-center study. Acute and critical care,2020; 35(3): 179–188. https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00136

Tan F, Li N, Wu Y, et al.Palliative sedation determinants: systematic review and meta-analysis in palliative medicine. BMJ supportive & palliative care, 2024;13(e3): e664–e675. https://doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2022-004085

Camartin C, Björkhem-Bergman L. Palliative Sedation-The Last Resort in Case of Difficult Symptom Control: A Narrative Review and Experiences from Palliative Care in Switzerland. Life, 2022; 12(2): 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020298

Yanez RJV, de Freitas Corpes E, Sixsmith J, et al. Use of dignity therapy in palliative care: a comprehensive scoping review. BMC palliative care,2025; 24(1): 177. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-025-01812-4

Glyn-Blanco MB, Lucchetti G, Badanta B.How do cultural factors influence the provision of end-of-life care? A narrative review. Applied nursing research : ANR,2023; 73: 151720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151720

Hira V, Palnati SR, Bhakta S. Understanding the Influence of Culture on End-of-Life, Palliative, and Hospice Care: A Narrative Review. Cureus,2025; 17(7): e87960. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87960

Nacak UA, Erden Y. End-of-Life Care and Nurse's Roles. The Eurasian journal of medicine,2022;54(Suppl1): 141–144. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22324

Alanazi MA, Shaban MM, Ramadan OME,et al. Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a systematic review of ethical challenges and palliative care practices. BMC nursing,2024; 23(1): 467. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02087-5

Ijaopo EO, Zaw KM, Ijaopo RO,et al. Review of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Imminent End-of-Life in Individuals With Advanced Illness. Gerontology & geriatric medicine,2023; 9, 23337214231183243. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214231183243

Peerboom FBAL, Friesen-Storms JHHM, Coenegracht BJEG, et al. Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning from the perspective of nursing staff, older people, and family caregivers: a scoping review. BMC nursing, 2023; 22(1): 363. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01523-2

Bishaw S, Coyne E, Halkett GK, et al. Fostering nurse-patient relationships in palliative care: An integrative review with narrative synthesis. Palliative medicine,2024; 38(10):1105–1120. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692163241277380

Bilić J, Skokandić L, Puljak L. Anticipatory grief and experience of providing at-home palliative care among informal caregivers of spouses in Croatia: a qualitative study. BMC palliative care,2022; 21(1): 199. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-022-01093-1

Bhyan P, Shrestha U, Schoo C, et al. Palliative Sedation in Patients With Terminal Illness. [Updated 2024 Jan 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470545/