Orman Ekosistemleri ve Bitki Çeşitliliği ile Ekoturizm Arasındaki Etkileşim: Ekolojik Temeller ve Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi
Özet
Orman ekosistemleri ve bitki çeşitliliği ile turizm faaliyetleri arasındaki ilişki ekolojik, ekonomik ve planlama temelli bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Bitki çeşitliliği, özellikle ekoturizm kapsamında doğa yürüyüşleri, botanik gezileri, fotoğrafçılık, doğa eğitimi ve geleneksel bitki kullanımı gibi etkinliklerin temel çekim unsurlarından biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye'nin sahip olduğu zengin floristik kompozisyon, endemizm oranı yüksek bitki taksonları ve farklı ekosistem çeşitliliği, bu potansiyelin doğa temelli turizmle bütünleştirilmesi açısından stratejik bir avantaj sunmaktadır. Ancak kontrolsüz ve plansız turizm faaliyetleri, habitat tahribatı, nadir türlerin tehdit altına girmesi ve ekosistem bütünlüğünün bozulması gibi ciddi çevresel riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri doğrultusunda, flora açısından zengin alanlarda koruma-kullanma dengesi gözetilerek taşıma kapasitesine uygun planlama yapılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Katılımcı planlama süreçleri, yerel halkın ekoturizm faaliyetlerine entegre edilmesi, bitki temelli tematik rotaların oluşturulması ve izleme-değerlendirme sistemlerinin devreye alınması sürdürülebilir ekoturizm uygulamaları açısından önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye’nin bitki çeşitliliği zenginliği, doğa temelli turizmin geleceğinde önemli bir potansiyel barındırmakta olup, bu potansiyelin korunarak değerlendirilmesi için bütüncül ve bilimsel temelli bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
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