Otizmli Çocukların Çevrimiçi Haber Temsilleri (Türkiye, 2021–2025): İnsan Hakları Normları ve Medya Kuramları Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme
Özet
Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de 2021–2025 yılları arasında çevrimiçi haber sitelerinde yayımlanan otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) içerikli çocuk haberlerini, insan hakları normları ve medya kuramları çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Avrupa Otizm Şartı, UNICEF gazetecilik rehberi, IPSO Editörler Kodu (2025) ve KVKK (2024) ilkeleri doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür. Betimsel içerik analizi ile eleştirel söylem analizinin birleştirildiği araştırmada, 22 haberin başlık, spot, gövde metni ve görsel bileşenleri sistematik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, çocuk haklarına yapılan atıfların sınırlı olduğunu; kimlik ve mahremiyet ilkelerinin çoğu kez ihlal edildiğini; “trajedi–deha” ve “tehlikelilik” gibi söylemlerin yaygın biçimde kullanıldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca haberlerin hiçbirinde otizmli çocukların doğrudan sesine yer verilmemiş, çocuklar çoğunlukla edilgen bir biçimde temsil edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, medya içeriklerinin çocuk hakları ve etik ilkeler açısından iyileştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda pediatri hemşirelerinin, çocuk haklarının korunması, ailelerin medya farkındalığının artırılması ve toplumda hak temelli bir otizm söyleminin geliştirilmesi süreçlerinde savunuculuk rolü üstlenmeleri önerilmektedir.
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