Kanatlılarda Ani Ölüm Sendromu
Özet
Ani ölüm sendromu (AÖS), özellikle hızlı büyüyen etlik piliçlerde görülen, sağlıklı hayvanların aniden ölmesiyle karakterize metabolik bir bozukluktur. Daha çok erkek etlik piliçlerde görülen ilk günden başlayarak kesime kadar devam eden, ölümlerin daha çok 3-4 haftalık yaşlardaki hayvanlarda görüldüğü bir hastalıktır. Ani ölüm sendomunun nedenleri tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, kalp ritim bozuklukları (aritmiler), oksidatif stres, elektrolit dengesizlikleri, hormonal değişiklikler, yüksek metabolik hız, dengesiz beslenme, çevresel ve yönetim faktörleri birlikte rol oynar. Ani ölüm sendromu, yem tüketen, iri yapılı, aktif hareket eden etlik piliçlerde asemptomatik olarak seyreder. Kalp krizi geçiren etlik piliçlerde panik ve huzursuzluk sonucunda; kanat çırpma, kasılma, sıçrama, ileri doğru atılma ve çırpınma hareketleri görülür. Etlik piliçler sırt üstü düşer, kanatlarını çırpar, ayaklarını yukarı doğru kaldırır ve ölürler. Kümeslerde ölüm oranları %0.5 ile 4 arasında değişir. Bu sendromda en çok kalp ve dolaşım sistemi etkilendiği için ölüm kalp yetmezliği sonucu olur. Hastalığın patolojik bulguları arasında kanla dolu büyümüş kalp; solgun, yağlı görünümde ve büyümüş karaciğer; kırmızı renkte ve ödemli akciğer; peteşiyal kanamalı göğüs kasları ve gelişmiş karkas yapısı dikkat çeker. Ani ölüm sendromu kısıtlı yemleme, dengeli rasyonlar, uygun ışık ve sıcaklık programları, rasyonlara yem katkı maddeleri (antioksidan, vitaminler, mineraller vs.) ilaveleri ve stres faktörlerinin azaltılmasıyla önlenebilir. Ani ölüm sendromu, modern etlik piliç yetiştiriciliğinde önemli oranda ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bir metabolik bozukluktur.
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