Elektrolit Dengesizliği: Asidozis ve Alkolozis
Özet
Modern kanatlı üretiminde, hızlı büyüyen etlik piliçler ve yüksek verimli yumurtacı tavuklar, sıcaklık stresiyle başa çıkmakta zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Piliç büyüme hızındaki artış ve yüksek yumurta üretimi, vücut sıcaklığını artırmaktadır. Küresel çevre sıcaklığındaki artış eğilimi durumu daha da zorlaştırmaktadır. Sıcaklık stresi sırasında, solunum yoluyla karbondioksit kaybı ve tek değerlikli katyonlarla birleşen bikarbonat iyonları, asit-baz dengesini bozmaktadır. Kümes hayvanlarında dört tür asit-baz bozukluğu görülmektedir: Kan pH'sındaki asit-baz bozuklukları sırasıyla metabolik asidoz ve metabolik alkaloz olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Solunum sistemindeki sorunlardan kaynaklanan asit-baz bozukluklarına ise sırasıyla solunum asidozu ve solunum alkalozu denir. Yüksek çevre sıcaklığı ile yem ve kandaki elektrolit dengesizliği, kümes hayvanlarında solunum/metabolik alkaloza, yem alımında düşmeye ve büyüme performansında azalmaya neden olmaktadır. Bu olumsuz etkileri azaltmak için, kümes hayvanı diyetlerinde takviye tuzların yanı sıra diyet elektrolit dengesinin de dikkate alınması önemlidir. Bu bölümde asit-baz dengesizliği olan kanatlılarda; elektrolit dengesizliğinin oluşumu, belirtileri, patolojisi, metabolik sonuçları ve koruyucu yaklaşımlar ele alınacaktır.
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