Tavuklarda Asites (Pulmoner Hipertansiyon) Sendromu, (Water Belly)
Özet
Etlik piliçler yaklaşık yüzyıldır devam etmekte olan ıslah çalışmalar sonucu elde dilmiş, canlı ağırlık kazançları yüksek, kısa zamanda kesim ağırlığına ulaşan hibrit hayvanlardır. Yaklaşık 30 yıl önce, etlik piliçler 50-55 günde 1.8-2.0 kg canlı ağırlığa, 15 yıl önce 40-45 günde 2.0 kg’lık bir canlı ağırlığa gelmekteydi. Günümüzde ise ıslah çalışmalarına ek olarak, besleme, bakım ve kümes şartlarının da iyileştirilmesiyle etlik piliçler, 35 gün gibi kısa bir zaman diliminde 2.5-2.8 kg’lık bir canlı ağırlığa ulaşmaktadırlar. Büyüme oranındaki artışa paralel olarak, başta kemik olmak üzere kardiyovasküler ve solunum sisteminin de aynı gelişim göstermediği bilinmektedir. Oksijen talebinin artmasıyla birlikte kardiyavasküler ve solunum sisteminin tam gelişememesi, özellikle kalp ve akciğerler gibi iç organları yaşamı sürdürmek için yeterli oksijen üretmeye zorlamakta, asites olarak isimlendirilen metabolik bozukluğa yatkınlığı artırmaktadır. Asites, etlik piliçlerin abominal bölgesinde periton boşluğunda seröz sıvı birikimi ile karakterizedir. Etlik piliçlerde asites oluşumunun birinci nedeni, hayvanın oksijen talebinin kardiyopulmoner kapasitesini aşması ve pulmoner hipertansiyon olması durumunda da hipoksinin gelişmesidir. Asites vakalarını önlemek için yemlerin besin madde içeriği azaltılarak ya da 24 saat aydınlatma yerine 22-23 saat aydınlatma yaparak hayvanların daha düşük enerji alımları sağlanabilir. Ayrıca, kümes içi şartlar iyileştirilerek, toz oluşumu, kötü koku ve ıslak altlık oluşumunun önüne geçmek için iyi bir havalandırma sağlanmalıdır. Soğuk stresi başta olma üzere stres yapacak bütün faktörler elemine edilmelidir. Son olarak da ölüm en çok besinin son haftalarında görüldüğü için besi sonu bir hafta, 10 gün kadar öne çekilebilir. Asitese karşı dirençli hatların kullanılası da çok önemlidir.
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