Gizzard (Taşlık) Erozyonu
Özet
Taşlık, kanatlı hayvanların gastrointestinal sisteminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Taşlık, dişleri olmayan bu türlerde yemlerin öğütülmesini, besinlerin fiziksel olarak sindirilmesini ve emilmesini sağlayan bir organdır. Proventrikulusun aksine, taşlık daha mekanik bir amaca hizmet eder, Taşlıkta gelişebilecek anormal bir durum kanatlı hayvanlarda, yem tüketiminde ve yemden yararlanma oranında ciddi azalmalara ve en sonunda da ölümlerle sonuçlanarak ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Taşlıkta görülebilecek anormal durumlardan biri taşlık erozyonudur. Taşlık erozyonunun diğer isimleri ‘Taşlık Ülserasyonu’ ve ‘Black Vomit’ olarak isimlendirilen ‘Kara Kusmuk’ tur. Taşlık erozyonu, 1980'lerin başında piliç endüstrisinde ciddi bir sorun olmaya başladı. Bu metabolik rahatsızlık, Güney Amerika’da ilk başlarda balık unlarının kullanımıyla ilişkilendirildi. Taşlık erozyonunun etken maddesi gizzerosin'dir. İlk yıllarda balık unu ve beslenme yetersizliklerinden kaynaklandığı düşünülen taşlık erezyonunun, günümüzde çok sayıda başka nedenlerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlara genetik yatkınlık, önemli düzeyde yem kısıtlaması, adenovirüs, Clostridium perfringens gibi enfeksiyon ajanları, mikotoksinler, biyoyenik aminler ve çevresel stresler gibi faktörler dahil edilmiştir. Alatoksin vb. mikotoksinler, biyojenik aminler, özellikle de yüksek düzeyde histamin içeriğine sahip balık unu gibi yem ham maddelerinin kullanımı kümes hayvanları için tehlike oluşturmasının yanı sıra, bu yem hammaddelerini işleyen değirmen, karma yem sanayi personelinin sağlığı için de uzun vade de potansiyel bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ‘Fabrikadan sofraya’ kadar uzanan gıda üretim zincirinde gereken özen gösterilmelidir. Günümüzde, hayvan besleme biliminin ilerlemesi nedeniyle, yem üretim ve aşamalarına gereken özen gösterilmesi durumunda piliçlerde taşlık erozyonunu önüne geçilebilecektir.
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