Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Besleme Kaynaklı İshal (Diyare)
Özet
Dışkının sıvı formda ve sık aralıklarla dışarıya atılması ishal (diarrhoea) olarak adlandırılır. Kanatlılarda ishallerin kontrolü için erken teşhis ve düzenli izleme büyük önem taşır. İshalin gerçekleşmesinde yemin yanında su kalitesi, çevresel faktörler ve patojenler de rol oynar. Yemden kaynaklanan ishal, bağırsak fonksiyonlarının bozulmasına ve sıvı–elektrolit dengesinin değişmesine yol açar. Yemin nişasta yapısında olmayan polisakkarit (NOP) içeriği, vitamin, mineral ve proteince dengesiz oluşu, acılaşmış yağ içeriği, mikotoksin ve diğer toksinlerce kirliliği, mikrobiyal kontaminasyon, içme suyundaki çözünmeyen katı madde miktarı, hijyenik olmayışı, zehir ve bağırsak peristaltizmi artırıcı etkili unsurları içermesi ishale yol açabilir. İshale yol açan faktörler, bağırsak vizkozitesini artırarak, besin maddelerinin sindirim ve emilimlerini azaltarak, bağırsak mikrobiyotasını patojenler lehine bozarak, bağırsakta dejenerasyonlara yol açarak, yem geçiş süresini kısaltarak ve sonuçta bağırsak sağlığını bozarak ishale neden olur. Koruma ve önleyici stratejilerin başında ishal yapan föktörlerin ortadan kaldırılması ishallerin önlenmesinde temel rol oynar. Bu amaçla yetiştiricilikte önleyici stratejiler olarak; yem ve içme suyunda hijyenin sağlanması, uygun besleme yönetimi, doğru yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı, çevresel koşulların kontrolü ve biyogüvenlik uygulamaları ile ishal olguları büyük oranda engellenebilir.
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