Aktivite ve Katılımın Değerlendirilmesi
Özet
Bu bölüm, engellilerde aktivite ve katılımın değerlendirilmesini ICF çerçevesinde, biyopsikososyal ve multidisipliner bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Aktivite ve katılım kavramları tanımlanmakta; fizyoterapist, ergoterapist, psikolog, sosyal hizmet uzmanı ve hekimden oluşan ekiplerin ortak dil ve protokollerle çalışmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Değerlendirme ilkeleri; bütüncül yaklaşım, geçerlik–güvenirlik, duyarlılık ve kültürel uyarlama kriterleri üzerinden yapılandırılmaktadır. Performans temelli testler (TUG, FTSST, 6DYT), öz bildirim ölçekleri (PEDI, CAPE, CASP, GAS), gözlem ve video analizi, giyilebilir sensörler, m-health ve VR tabanlı yöntemler; kendine bakım, hareketlilik, iletişim, eğitsel/mesleki ve sosyal–boş zaman alanlarında kullanılarak kapsamlı bir işlevsellik profili çıkarılmaktadır. Çevresel (erişilebilirlik, sosyal tutumlar) ve kişisel faktörlerin (yaş, cinsiyet, motivasyon) aktivite ve katılım üzerindeki belirleyici etkisi vurgulanmakta; serebral palsili bir vaka örneğiyle, teknoloji destekli ve aile katılımlı müdahalenin somut kazanımları gösterilmektedir. Son olarak, maliyet, veri gizliliği ve uzun dönem kanıt eksikliği gibi sınırlılıklara dikkat çekilerek, standardizasyon, teknoloji okuryazarlığı ve politika temelli iyileştirme önerileri sunulmaktadır.
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