Engellilik ve Değerlendirmede Standardizasyon
Özet
Engellilik değerlendirmesinde geleneksel tıbbi modelden uzaklaşılarak biyopsikososyal yaklaşıma geçiş yapılmıştır. ICF modeli bu dönüşümde merkezi bir rolü üstlenmiştir. ICF modeline göre engelliliğin yalnızca tıbbi tanı ile değil, bireyin işlevselliği, katılım düzeyi ve çevresel–kişisel faktörlerle birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Bu bölümde zihinsel, işitsel, görsel, fiziksel ve psikososyal engellilik alanlarında kullanılan ölçüm araçlarının geçerlik, güvenirlik ve kültürel uyarlama süreçleri güncel literatür ışığında tartışılmakta; WISC-V, Vineland-3, ABR, LittlEARS, LogMAR, GMFCS, FIM, BDI-II, PANSS ve WHODAS 2.0 gibi araçların bilimsel temelleri ortaya konmaktadır. Türkiye’de engellilik değerlendirme süreci ise yasal düzenlemeler, özel gereksinim raporlaması ve standardizasyon gereksinimleri çerçevesinde ele alınmakta, özellikle norm geliştirme, psikometrik uyarlama ve dijitalleşme alanlarında güçlendirme ihtiyacı belirtilmektedir. Genel olarak kanıta dayalı ölçüm araçlarının ve bütüncül değerlendirme yaklaşımının engellilik sınıflandırması ve klinik karar süreçlerinde kritik öneme sahip olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.
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